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Muyizere T, Mukiza J. Progress on the development of a metal salt-assisted ionization source for the mass spectrometric analysis of polymers. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:2803-2819. [PMID: 35848110 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay00724j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The mass spectrometric analysis of polymers has been addressed as a challenging research topic due to poor ionization and complicated analysis using conventional mass spectrometry. The ionization source has demonstrated a promising future in rapid mass spectrometric analysis. Soft ionization techniques, such as electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) are the most ionization sources appeared to be a powerful tools for polymer characterization when combined with MS. However, they always need metal salts to be introduced during the ionization protocol for polymers due to the crucial role played by their ions (cations and anions). The current review focuses on the progress in the development of metal ion-assisted-ionization sources for the mass spectrometric analysis of polymers. Different ionization systems are comprehensively reviewed. The application of metal ion-assisted ESI, nanoESI, PSI, and MALDI-MS for polymer sample analyses is systematically discussed. The future research trends and challenges in this cutting-edge research field are summarized. It also aims to provide the current state-of-the-art of metal salts as a platform for ionization systems for the mass spectrometric characterization of polymers and offers the current challenges and perspectives on the promising future to improve analytical performance in this field. Finally, this mini-review provides a comprehensive handbook to researchers from different research backgrounds wishing to work in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theoneste Muyizere
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, 100190 Beijing, China.
| | - Janvier Mukiza
- Rwanda Food and Drugs Authority, Kigali 1948, Rwanda.
- School of Education, College of Education, University of Rwanda, P. O. BOX 55, Rwamagana, Rwanda
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Zhang X, Wang Y, Hu Y, Guo C, Li C, Jiang K. Characterizing Oligomeric Hydroxyl Silicon Oils by MALDI-TOF MS With the Pyridine-Modified Matrix. Front Chem 2021; 9:755174. [PMID: 34888293 PMCID: PMC8650622 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.755174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) is a powerful technique for analysis of various polymers, but it is still very difficult to characterize silicone oil due to its poor ionization efficiency. In this work, oligomeric hydroxyl silicone oils were successfully characterized by MALDI-TOF, by using pyridine-modified 2,5-dihydroxylbenzoic acid (DHB) as the matrix. Furthermore, the mixed crystal of DHB and hydroxyl silicone oil was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS), and the analytical results verified that modification with pyridine could remarkably improve the solubility of hydroxyl silicone oil in DHB, leading to the enhancement of its ionization efficiency in MALDI. The analysis of the MS spectra of a series of hydroxyl silicone oils indicated that they tended to be ionized by the attachment with Na+, and the average molecular weight and the degree of polymerization were measured for several oligomeric hydroxyl silicon oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Zhang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiqiu Hu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Guo
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenghua Li
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kezhi Jiang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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Duale K, Latos P, Chrobok A, Domiński A, Maksymiak MM, Adamus G, Kowalczuk M. Towards Advances in Molecular Understanding of Boric Acid Biocatalyzed Ring-Opening (Co)Polymerization of δ-Valerolactone in the Presence of Ethylene Glycol as an Initiator. Molecules 2021; 26:4859. [PMID: 34443448 PMCID: PMC8399499 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Following our previous studies on the molecular level structure of (co)oligoesters obtained via anionic homo- and co-polymerization of novel β-substituted β-lactones, prepared by the atmospheric pressure carbonylation reaction of respective epoxides, the boric acid biocatalyzed ring-opening (co)polymerization of δ-valerolactone has been studied. As a co-monomer the 6-methy-ε-caprolactone, prepared by the one-pot oxidation of respective alcohol, and ethylene glycol as polymerization initiator were used. The obtained copolymers were characterized by 1H-NMR, GPC and ESI-MS, respectively in order to confirm their chemical structures and identity. Subsequently, tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS studies) via collision-induced dissociation were utilized to characterize the fragmentation pattern. ESI-MS and NMR analyses confirmed the formation of random linear copolymer chains composed of different polyester repeat units. MS-MS experiments showed that fragmentation proceeds via ester bound cleavage along the (co)polyester chains. The innovative aspect of this contribution is related to the elaboration of the telechelic (co)polymers end-capped with hydroxyl end groups and well-defined molecular architectures, which could facilitate the development of new flexible macromolecular systems for potential biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadar Duale
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34, M. Curie-Sklodowska St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (A.D.); (M.M.M.); (G.A.)
| | - Piotr Latos
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (P.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Anna Chrobok
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (P.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Adrian Domiński
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34, M. Curie-Sklodowska St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (A.D.); (M.M.M.); (G.A.)
| | - Magdalena Martinka Maksymiak
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34, M. Curie-Sklodowska St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (A.D.); (M.M.M.); (G.A.)
| | - Grażyna Adamus
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34, M. Curie-Sklodowska St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (A.D.); (M.M.M.); (G.A.)
| | - Marek Kowalczuk
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34, M. Curie-Sklodowska St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (A.D.); (M.M.M.); (G.A.)
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Yoo HJ, Kim DH, Shin D, Oh Y, Lee S, Lee JY, Choi YJ, Lee SH, Lee KS, Kim Y, Cho K. Recent developments in pre-treatment and analytical techniques for synthetic polymers by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:5767-5800. [PMID: 33241791 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01729a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A great deal of effort has been expended to develop accurate means of determining the properties of synthetic polymers using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS). Many studies have focused on the importance of sample pre-treatment to obtain accurate analysis results. This review discusses the history of synthetic polymer characterization and highlights several applications of MALDI-TOF MS that recognize the importance of pre-treatment technologies. The subject area is of significance in the field of analytical chemistry, especially for users of the MALDI technique. Since the 2000s, many such technologies have been developed that feature improved methods and conditions, including solvent-free systems. In addition, the recent diversification of matrix types and the development of carbon-based matrix materials are described herein together with the current status and future directions of MALDI-TOF MS hardware and software development. We provide a summary of processes used for obtaining the best analytical results with synthetic polymeric materials using MALDI-TOF MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jin Yoo
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, 162, Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28119, Korea.
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Hassan MH, Omar AM, Daskalakis E, Hou Y, Huang B, Strashnov I, Grieve BD, Bártolo P. The Potential of Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol as Biomaterial for Bone Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3045. [PMID: 33353246 PMCID: PMC7766441 DOI: 10.3390/polym12123045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for materials with improved mechanical and biological properties is a major challenge in tissue engineering. This paper investigates, for the first time, the use of Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol (PETG), a glycol-modified class of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), as a potential material for the fabrication of bone scaffolds. PETG scaffolds with a 0/90 lay-dawn pattern and different pore sizes (300, 350 and 450 µm) were produced using a filament-based extrusion additive manufacturing system and mechanically and biologically characterized. The performance of PETG scaffolds with 300 µm of pore size was compared with polycaprolactone (PCL). Results show that PETG scaffolds present significantly higher mechanical properties than PCL scaffolds, providing a biomechanical environment that promotes high cell attachment and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H. Hassan
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (A.M.O.); (E.D.); (Y.H.); (B.H.); (P.B.)
| | - Abdalla M. Omar
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (A.M.O.); (E.D.); (Y.H.); (B.H.); (P.B.)
| | - Evangelos Daskalakis
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (A.M.O.); (E.D.); (Y.H.); (B.H.); (P.B.)
| | - Yanhao Hou
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (A.M.O.); (E.D.); (Y.H.); (B.H.); (P.B.)
| | - Boyang Huang
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (A.M.O.); (E.D.); (Y.H.); (B.H.); (P.B.)
| | - Ilya Strashnov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Bruce D. Grieve
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Paulo Bártolo
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (A.M.O.); (E.D.); (Y.H.); (B.H.); (P.B.)
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Dannhorn A, Kazanc E, Ling S, Nikula C, Karali E, Serra MP, Vorng JL, Inglese P, Maglennon G, Hamm G, Swales J, Strittmatter N, Barry ST, Sansom OJ, Poulogiannis G, Bunch J, Goodwin RJ, Takats Z. Universal Sample Preparation Unlocking Multimodal Molecular Tissue Imaging. Anal Chem 2020; 92:11080-11088. [PMID: 32519547 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A new tissue sample embedding and processing method is presented that provides downstream compatibility with numerous different histological, molecular biology, and analytical techniques. The methodology is based on the low temperature embedding of fresh frozen specimens into a hydrogel matrix composed of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and sectioning using a cryomicrotome. The hydrogel was expected not to interfere with standard tissue characterization methods, histologically or analytically. We assessed the compatibility of this protocol with various mass spectrometric imaging methods including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI), desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). We also demonstrated the suitability of the universal protocol for extraction based molecular biology techniques such as rt-PCR. The integration of multiple analytical modalities through this universal sample preparation protocol offers the ability to study tissues at a systems biology level and directly linking results to tissue morphology and cellular phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Dannhorn
- Department of Digestion, Metabolism and Reproduction, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- Imaging and Data analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences (CPSS), AstraZeneca, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Emine Kazanc
- Department of Digestion, Metabolism and Reproduction, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Stephanie Ling
- Imaging and Data analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences (CPSS), AstraZeneca, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Chelsea Nikula
- National Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry Imaging (NiCE-MSI), National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, U.K
| | - Evdoxia Karali
- The Institute for Cancer Research (ICR), London SW7 3RP, U.K
| | - Maria Paola Serra
- Imaging and Data analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences (CPSS), AstraZeneca, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Jean-Luc Vorng
- National Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry Imaging (NiCE-MSI), National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, U.K
| | - Paolo Inglese
- Department of Digestion, Metabolism and Reproduction, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Gareth Maglennon
- Oncology Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences (CPSS), AstraZeneca, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Gregory Hamm
- Imaging and Data analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences (CPSS), AstraZeneca, Cambridge, U.K
| | - John Swales
- Imaging and Data analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences (CPSS), AstraZeneca, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Nicole Strittmatter
- Imaging and Data analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences (CPSS), AstraZeneca, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Simon T Barry
- Bioscience, Discovery, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, United Kingdom
| | | | - Josephine Bunch
- National Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry Imaging (NiCE-MSI), National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, U.K
| | - Richard Ja Goodwin
- Imaging and Data analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences (CPSS), AstraZeneca, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Zoltan Takats
- Department of Digestion, Metabolism and Reproduction, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
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Muyizere T, Zheng Y, Liu H, Zhao J, Li J, Lu X, Austin DE, Zhang Z. Metal salt assisted electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for the soft ionization of GAP polymers in negative ion mode. Analyst 2019; 145:34-45. [PMID: 31755893 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01887e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Glycidyl azide polymers (GAP) are one of the most important energetic polymers, but it is still a challenge to elucidate their structures using mass spectrometry due to their fragility upon ionization. Herein we developed a soft metal salt assisted electrospray ionization (MSAESI) to characterize directly GAP polymers using mass spectrometry. This technique combines paper spray ionization and the complexing effect of anions from metal salts with GAP in the negative ion mode to softly ionize GAP polymers prior to mass spectrometry analysis. The effects of experimental parameters (e.g., ion mode, applied voltage, and type and concentration of metal salts) have been investigated in detail. In contrast to the positive ion mode, a softer ionization was observed for GAP polymers when the negative ion mode was applied. The radius and average charge of cations and anions in metal salts were found to play crucial roles in determining the performance of the MSAESI analysis of GAP. For a given charge number, a smaller radius of cations favored the soft ionization of GAP polymers (e.g., Na+ > K+ > Rb+), whereas a larger radius of anions led to a preferred performance (e.g., F- < Cl- < Br- < I-) due to variation in dissolution ability. For anions with multiple charges, the ones with fewer charges gave a more favorable ionization to the GAP sample because of their better complexing to GAP molecules than those with more charges in the structure of anions (e.g., NO3- > SO42- > PO43-). According to the experimental observation and evidence from mass spectrometry, we proposed the plausible electrospray mechanisms of MSAESI for GAP analysis with the involvement of metal salts. Moreover, the developed protocol has been applied successfully to the analysis of various GAP samples, and works for other types of sources such as nanoelectrospray ionization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theoneste Muyizere
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China.
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Korf A, Fouquet T, Schmid R, Hayen H, Hagenhoff S. Expanding the Kendrick Mass Plot Toolbox in MZmine 2 to Enable Rapid Polymer Characterization in Liquid Chromatography−Mass Spectrometry Data Sets. Anal Chem 2019; 92:628-633. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ansgar Korf
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Thierry Fouquet
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8565 Japan
| | - Robin Schmid
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Heiko Hayen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hagenhoff
- Dow Deutschland Anlagengesellschaft mbH, Postfach 1120, 21677 Stade, Germany
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Wesdemiotis C. Multidimensional Mass Spectrometry of Synthetic Polymers and Advanced Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:1452-1464. [PMID: 27712048 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201607003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Multidimensional mass spectrometry interfaces a suitable ionization technique and mass analysis (MS) with fragmentation by tandem mass spectrometry (MS2 ) and an orthogonal online separation method. Separation choices include liquid chromatography (LC) and ion-mobility spectrometry (IMS), in which separation takes place pre-ionization in the solution state or post-ionization in the gas phase, respectively. The MS step provides elemental composition information, while MS2 exploits differences in the bond stabilities of a polymer, yielding connectivity and sequence information. LC conditions can be tuned to separate by polarity, end-group functionality, or hydrodynamic volume, whereas IMS adds selectivity by macromolecular shape and architecture. This Minireview discusses how selected combinations of the MS, MS2 , LC, and IMS dimensions can be applied, together with the appropriate ionization method, to determine the constituents, structures, end groups, sequences, and architectures of a wide variety of homo- and copolymeric materials, including multicomponent blends, supramolecular assemblies, novel hybrid materials, and large cross-linked or nonionizable polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrys Wesdemiotis
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
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Wesdemiotis C. Mehrdimensionale Massenspektrometrie von synthetischen Polymeren und modernen Materialien. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201607003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chrys Wesdemiotis
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Akron; Akron OH 44325 USA
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Pretorius NO, Rode K, Simpson JM, Pasch H. Analysis of complex phthalic acid based polyesters by the combination of size exclusion chromatography and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 808:94-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wesdemiotis C, Solak N, Polce MJ, Dabney DE, Chaicharoen K, Katzenmeyer BC. Fragmentation pathways of polymer ions. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:523-559. [PMID: 20623599 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Revised: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/05/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is increasingly applied to synthetic polymers to characterize chain-end or in-chain substituents, distinguish isobaric and isomeric species, and determine macromolecular connectivities and architectures. For confident structural assignments, the fragmentation mechanisms of polymer ions must be understood, as they provide guidelines on how to deduce the desired information from the fragments observed in MS/MS spectra. This article reviews the fragmentation pathways of synthetic polymer ions that have been energized to decompose via collisionally activated dissociation (CAD), the most widely used activation method in polymer analysis. The compounds discussed encompass polystyrenes, poly(2-vinyl pyridine), polyacrylates, poly(vinyl acetate), aliphatic polyester copolymers, polyethers, and poly(dimethylsiloxane). For a number of these polymers, several substitution patterns and architectures are considered, and questions regarding the ionization agent and internal energy of the dissociating precursor ions are also addressed. Competing and consecutive dissociations are evaluated in terms of the structural insight they provide about the macromolecular structure. The fragmentation pathways of the diverse array of polymer ions examined fall into three categories, viz. (1) charge-directed fragmentations, (2) charge-remote rearrangements, and (3) charge-remote fragmentations via radical intermediates. Charge-remote processes predominate. Depending on the ionizing agent and the functional groups in the polymer, the incipient fragments arising by pathways (1)-(3) may form ion-molecule complexes that survive long enough to permit inter-fragment hydrogen atom, proton, or hydride transfers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrys Wesdemiotis
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, OH 44325-3601, USA.
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Li X, Guo L, Casiano-Maldonado M, Zhang D, Wesdemiotis C. Top-Down Multidimensional Mass Spectrometry Methods for Synthetic Polymer Analysis. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma200542p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | | | - Donghui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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ARAKAWA R, KAWASAKI H. Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Synthetic Polymers Using Ultrasonic Degradation. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2011. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.60.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi ARAKAWA
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University
| | - Hideya KAWASAKI
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University
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Molecular weight determination of high molecular mass (glyco)proteins using CGE-on-a-chip, planar SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF-MS. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:3850-62. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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16
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Crecelius AC, Becer C, Knop K, Schubert US. Block length determination of the block copolymer mPEG-b-PS using MALDI-TOF MS/MS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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Investigation of Polymerization Mechanisms of Poly(n-Butyl Acrylate)s Generated in Different Solvents by LC−ESI−MS2. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma101390j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Knop K, Jahn BO, Hager MD, Crecelius A, Gottschaldt M, Schubert US. Systematic MALDI-TOF CID Investigation on Different Substituted mPEG 2000. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200900309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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A Perfect Couple: PLP/SEC/ESI-MS for the Accurate Determination of Propagation Rate Coefficients in Free Radical Polymerization. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200900394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Trimpin S, Wijerathne K, McEwen CN. Rapid methods of polymer and polymer additives identification: Multi-sample solvent-free MALDI, pyrolysis at atmospheric pressure, and atmospheric solids analysis probe mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 654:20-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2009] [Revised: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Crecelius AC, Baumgaertel A, Schubert US. Tandem mass spectrometry of synthetic polymers. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2009; 44:1277-1286. [PMID: 19676098 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The detailed characterization of macromolecules plays an important role for synthetic chemists to define and specify the structure and properties of the successfully synthesized polymers. The search for new characterization techniques for polymers is essential for the continuation of the development of improved synthesis methods. The application of tandem mass spectrometry for the detailed characterization of synthetic polymers using the soft ionization techniques matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), which became the basic tools in proteomics, has greatly been increased in recent years and is summarized in this perspective. Examples of a variety of homopolymers, such as poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(ethylene glycol), as well as copolymers, e.g. copolyesters, are given. The advanced mass spectrometric techniques described in this review will presumably become one of the basic tools in polymer chemistry in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Crecelius
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Gruendling T, Guilhaus M, Barner-Kowollik C. Fast and Accurate Determination of Absolute Individual Molecular Weight Distributions from Mixtures of Polymers via Size Exclusion Chromatography−Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma900755z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Till Gruendling
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH)/Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, UNSW Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Michael Guilhaus
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, UNSW Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH)/Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
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23
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Koo SPS, Junkers T, Barner-Kowollik C. Quantitative Product Spectrum Analysis of Poly(butyl acrylate) via Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma801196w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandy P. S. Koo
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH)/Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany, and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Tanja Junkers
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH)/Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany, and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH)/Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany, and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
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24
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Buback M, Frauendorf H, Janssen O, Vana P. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometric study of end-groups in peroxydicarbonate-initiated radical polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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25
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Whitson SE, Erdodi G, Kennedy JP, Lattimer RP, Wesdemiotis C. Direct Probe-Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry of Cross-Linked Copolymers and Copolymer Blends. Anal Chem 2008; 80:7778-85. [DOI: 10.1021/ac801198g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara E. Whitson
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, and Lubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc., 9911 Brecksville Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44141
| | - Gabor Erdodi
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, and Lubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc., 9911 Brecksville Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44141
| | - Joseph P. Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, and Lubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc., 9911 Brecksville Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44141
| | - Robert P. Lattimer
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, and Lubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc., 9911 Brecksville Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44141
| | - Chrys Wesdemiotis
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, and Lubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc., 9911 Brecksville Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44141
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26
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Gruendling T, Guilhaus M, Barner-Kowollik C. Quantitative LC−MS of Polymers: Determining Accurate Molecular Weight Distributions by Combined Size Exclusion Chromatography and Electrospray Mass Spectrometry with Maximum Entropy Data Processing. Anal Chem 2008; 80:6915-27. [DOI: 10.1021/ac800591j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Till Gruendling
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2033, Australia, Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH)/Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany, and Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, UNSW Analytical Centre,The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Michael Guilhaus
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2033, Australia, Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH)/Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany, and Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, UNSW Analytical Centre,The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2033, Australia, Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH)/Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany, and Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, UNSW Analytical Centre,The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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27
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Hortal AR, Hurtado P, Martínez-Haya B, Arregui A, Bañares L. Solvent-Free MALDI Investigation of the Cationization of Linear Polyethers with Alkali Metals. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:8530-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jp802089r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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28
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Gruendling T, Hart-Smith G, Davis TP, Stenzel MH, Barner-Kowollik C. Enhanced Ionization in Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry of Labile End-Group-Containing Polystyrenes Using Silver(I) Tetrafluoroborate as Doping Salt. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma702163v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Till Gruendling
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Gene Hart-Smith
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Martina H. Stenzel
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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29
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Levent A, Hacaloglu J, Toppare L. Characterization of Conducting Copolymer of Pyrrole via Pyrolysis Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10601320701839833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Polce MJ, Ocampo M, Quirk RP, Wesdemiotis C. Tandem Mass Spectrometry Characteristics of Silver-Cationized Polystyrenes: Backbone Degradation via Free Radical Chemistry. Anal Chem 2007; 80:347-54. [DOI: 10.1021/ac071071k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Polce
- Departments of Chemistry and Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325
| | - Manuela Ocampo
- Departments of Chemistry and Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325
| | - Roderic P. Quirk
- Departments of Chemistry and Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325
| | - Chrys Wesdemiotis
- Departments of Chemistry and Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325
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31
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Buback M, Frauendorf H, Günzler F, Vana P. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometric end-group analysis of PMMA produced by radical polymerization using diacyl peroxide initiators. POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Buback M, Frauendorf H, Günzler F, Vana P. Initiation of radical polymerization by peroxyacetates: Polymer end-group analysis by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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33
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Krupkova A, Cermak J, Walterova Z, Horský J. Quantitative Interpretation of MALDI-TOF Mass Spectra of Imperfect Carbosilane Dendrimers. Anal Chem 2007; 79:1639-45. [PMID: 17297967 DOI: 10.1021/ac061783v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A general relationship is derived for the abundance of an imperfect dendrimer with a given number of missing constitutional repeating units in the two outmost layers. The relationship is used in the interpretation of the MALDI TOF mass spectrum of the second-generation carbosilane dendrimer prepared by the iterative divergent method. The model quantitatively describes the spectrum of the dendrimer and correctly predicts the MALDI TOF mass spectrum of its first-generation precursor. Thus, the use of well-resolved MALDI TOF mass spectra for assessing the purity of low-generation dendrimers with uniform end groups is substantiated for carbosilane dendrimers and to lesser extent for dendrimers in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Krupkova
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojová 2, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Ma Z, Qiang LL, Fan QL, Wang YY, Pu KY, Yin R, Huang W. Direct laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry of conjugated polymers. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2007; 42:20-4. [PMID: 17143935 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Two conjugated polymers (CPs), poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) (PF) and poly(3-octylthiophene) (PT) were analyzed by direct laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-ToF MS). Because of their strong absorption near the wavelength of the laser (337 nm), easy and transient energy transfer properties and sufficient thermal stability, CPs can be desorbed and ionized directly without a matrix. For comparison, these two polymers were also analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-ToF MS in the positive reflectron mode. The results revealed that they are very similar in terms of quality and resolution. All results demonstrate that LDI-ToF MS is an alternative method for the mass characterization of some conjugated systems, thereby simplifying the process of sample preparation and result analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhun Ma
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia M Peacock
- DuPont Corporate Center for Analytical Sciences, Wilmington, Delaware 19880, USA
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36
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37
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Jackson AT, Williams JP, Scrivens JH. Desorption electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry of low molecular weight synthetic polymers. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2006; 20:2717-27. [PMID: 16912984 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A range of low molecular weight synthetic polymers has been characterised by means of desorption electrospray ionisation (DESI) combined with both mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Accurate mass experiments were used to aid the structural determination of some of the oligomeric materials. The polymers analysed were poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), polypropylene glycol (PPG), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(alpha-methyl styrene). An application of the technique for characterisation of a polymer used as part of an active ingredient in a pharmaceutical tablet is described. The mass spectra and tandem mass spectra of all of the polymers were obtained in seconds, indicating the sensitivity of the technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony T Jackson
- Measurement Science Group, ICI plc, Wilton Centre, Redcar TS10 4RF, UK.
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38
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Soutif JC, Doan NT, Montembault V. Determination by MALDI-TOF MS of the structures obtained from polytransesterification of diethyl 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylate and poly(ethylene glycol). Eur Polym J 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2005.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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39
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Matsubara H, Hata SI, Kondo Y, Ishida Y, Takigawa H, Ohtani H. Characterization of Cross-linking Structures in UV-cured Acrylic Ester Resin by MALDI-MS Combined with Supercritical Methanolysis. ANAL SCI 2006; 22:1403-7. [PMID: 17099270 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.22.1403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The cross-linking structure of the ultra violet (UV)-cured resin prepared from dipentaerithritol hexacrylate (DPHA) was characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) combined with supercritical methanolysis. The MALDI-mass spectrum of the decomposition products obtained by supercritical methanolysis contained a series of peaks of sodium-cationized methyl acrylate (MA) oligomers up to around m/z = 4000 formed through selective cleavage and methylation occurred at ester linkages in UV-cured DPHA. Furthermore, in order to observe widely distributed sequence lengths in the cross-linking junctions, the decomposed products of the cured resin were then fractionated using size exclusion chromatography followed by the MALDI-MS measurements of the individual fractions. The MALDI-mass spectra of the lower molar mass fractions mainly consisted of a series of peaks of MA oligomers around m/z values of several thousands, whereas those of higher molecular weight showed a broad peak up to m/z ca. 180000. The observed distributions of the supercritical methanolysis products suggested that the network junctions in the given UV-cured resin were composed of up to around 2000 acrylate units.
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Müller R, Allmaier G. Molecular weight determination of ultra-high mass compounds on a standard matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer: PAMAM dendrimer generation 10 and immunoglobulin M. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2006; 20:3803-6. [PMID: 17120275 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
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41
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Levent A, Hacaloglu J, Toppare L. Characterization of Conducting Copolymer of Thiophene via Pyrolysis Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2005. [DOI: 10.1080/10601320500246834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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42
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Petkovska VI, Hopkins TE, Powell DH, Wagener KB. MALDI-TOF Detection of Olefin Structural Isomerization in Metathesis Chemistry. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma050480k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Violeta I. Petkovska
- Department of Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry Laboratory and George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200
| | - Timothy E. Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry Laboratory and George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200
| | - David H. Powell
- Department of Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry Laboratory and George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200
| | - Kenneth B. Wagener
- Department of Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry Laboratory and George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2004; 39:1383-1394. [PMID: 15532071 PMCID: PMC7166839 DOI: 10.1002/jms.712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In order to keep subscribers up‐to‐date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of mass spectrometry. Each bibliography is divided into 11 sections: 1 Books, Reviews & Symposia; 2 Instrumental Techniques & Methods; 3 Gas Phase Ion Chemistry; 4 Biology/Biochemistry: Amino Acids, Peptides & Proteins; Carbohydrates; Lipids; Nucleic Acids; 5 Pharmacology/Toxicology; 6 Natural Products; 7 Analysis of Organic Compounds; 8 Analysis of Inorganics/Organometallics; 9 Surface Analysis; 10 Environmental Analysis; 11 Elemental Analysis. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author (5 Weeks journals ‐ Search completed at 8th. Sept. 2004)
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