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dos Santos ACF, Ahmadzadegan A, Ximenes E, Vlachos P, Ardekani A, Kapur S, Corvari V, Ladisch MR. In vitro measurement of concentration of unlabeled protein within a hyaluronic acid matrix. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:3647-3656. [PMID: 36131370 PMCID: PMC9828174 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
There are currently more than 560 therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) at various stages of research and clinical testing, including candidates for administration by subcutaneous (SC) injection. Preclinical studies based on in vitro measurements of high molecular weight proteins within simulated SC matrices are assisting laboratory studies of interactions of injectable biotherapeutic proteins within the SC environment in relation to bioavailability. We report a new method for directly measuring diffusion of unlabeled, high molecular weight proteins injected into an in vitro matrix that simulates the negatively charged environment of the SC. The matrix consists of 10 mg/ml HA in a repurposed cell culture chamber. The measurement consists of pipetting triplicate 20 μl protein samples into the matrix, placing the chamber in a laboratory scanner, activating tryptophan residues in the protein at 280 nm, and imaging the resulting protein fluorescence at 384 nm over a 0.5-4 h time period thus tracking protein movement. This facile approach enables mapping of protein concentration as a function of time and distance within the matrix, and determination of diffusion coefficients, D, within ±10%. Bovine IgG and BSA gave D = 2.3 ± 0.2*10-7 and 4.6 ± 0.2*10-7 cm2 /s at 24°C, respectively, for initial protein concentrations of 21 mg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio C. F. dos Santos
- Laboratory of Renewable Resources EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA,Department of Agricultural and Biological EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Adib Ahmadzadegan
- School of Mechanical EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Eduardo Ximenes
- Laboratory of Renewable Resources EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA,Department of Agricultural and Biological EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Pavlos Vlachos
- School of Mechanical EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA,Weldon School of Biomedical EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Arezoo Ardekani
- School of Mechanical EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Shiven Kapur
- Bioproduct Research and DevelopmentEli LillyIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Vince Corvari
- Bioproduct Research and DevelopmentEli LillyIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Michael R. Ladisch
- Laboratory of Renewable Resources EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA,Department of Agricultural and Biological EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA,Weldon School of Biomedical EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
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Winderl J, Bürkle S, Hubbuch J. High throughput screening of fiber-based adsorbents for material and process development. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1653:462387. [PMID: 34375899 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
There has been a growing interest in fibers and fiber-based adsorbents as alternative adsorbents for preparative chromatography. While the benefits of fiber-based adsorbents in terms of productivity have been highlighted in several recent studies, microscale tools that enable a fast characterization of these novel adsorbents, and an easy integration into process development workflows, are still lacking. In the present study an automated high-throughput screening (HTS) for fiber-based adsorbents was established on a robotic liquid handling station in 96 well filter plates. Two techniques - punching and weighing - were identified as techniques that enabled accurate and reproducible portioning of short-cut fiber-based adsorbents. The impact of several screening parameters such as phase ratio, shaking frequency, and incubation time were investigated and optimized for different types of fiber-based adsorbents. The data from the developed HTS correlated with data from packed fiber columns, and binding capacities from both scales matched closely. Subsequently, the developed HTS was utilized to optimize the hydrogel architecture of anion exchange (AEX) fiber-based adsorbent prototypes. A novel AEX fiber-based adsorbent was developed that compared favorably with existing resin and membrane adsorbents in terms of productivity and DNA binding capacity. In addition, the developed HTS was also successfully employed in order to identify step elution conditions for the purification of a monoclonal antibody from product- and process-related impurities with a cation exchange (CEX) fiber-based adsorbent. Trends from the HTS were found to be in good agreement with trends from lab scale column runs. The tool developed in this paper will enable a faster and more complete characterization of fiber-based adsorbents, easier tailoring of such adsorbents towards specific process applications, and an easier integration of such materials into processes. In comparison to previous lab scale experiments, material requirements are reduced by a factor of 3-40 and time requirements are reduced by a factor of 2-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Winderl
- Institute of Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Stephan Bürkle
- Institute of Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Hubbuch
- Institute of Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Fiber-based monolithic columns for liquid chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:6871-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9839-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Wang T, Chen H, Liu K, Li Y, Xue P, Yu Y, Wang S, Zhang J, Kumacheva E, Yang B. Anisotropic Janus Si nanopillar arrays as a microfluidic one-way valve for gas-liquid separation. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:3846-53. [PMID: 24584666 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr05865d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate a facile strategy for the fabrication of a one-way valve for microfluidic (MF) systems. The micro-valve was fabricated by embedding arrays of Janus Si elliptical pillars (Si-EPAs) with anisotropic wettability into a MF channel fabricated in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). Two sides of the Janus pillar are functionalized with molecules with distinct surface energies. The ability of the Janus pillar array to act as a valve was proved by investigating the flow behaviour of water in a T-shaped microchannel at different flow rates and pressures. In addition, the one-way valve was used to achieve gas-liquid separation. We believe that the Janus Si-EPAs modified by specific surface functionalization provide a new strategy to control the flow and motion of fluids in MF channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tieqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
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Gervais L, de Rooij N, Delamarche E. Microfluidic chips for point-of-care immunodiagnostics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:H151-76. [PMID: 21567479 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201100464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We might be at the turning point where research in microfluidics undertaken in academia and industrial research laboratories, and substantially sponsored by public grants, may provide a range of portable and networked diagnostic devices. In this Progress Report, an overview on microfluidic devices that may become the next generation of point-of-care (POC) diagnostics is provided. First, we describe gaps and opportunities in medical diagnostics and how microfluidics can address these gaps using the example of immunodiagnostics. Next, we conceptualize how different technologies are converging into working microfluidic POC diagnostics devices. Technologies are explained from the perspective of sample interaction with components of a device. Specifically, we detail materials, surface treatment, sample processing, microfluidic elements (such as valves, pumps, and mixers), receptors, and analytes in the light of various biosensing concepts. Finally, we discuss the integration of components into accurate and reliable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Gervais
- IBM Research-Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, CH-8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
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Howell PB, Golden JP, Hilliard LR, Erickson JS, Mott DR, Ligler FS. Two simple and rugged designs for creating microfluidic sheath flow. LAB ON A CHIP 2008; 8:1097-103. [PMID: 18584084 PMCID: PMC2751611 DOI: 10.1039/b719381e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A simple design capable of 2-dimensional hydrodynamic focusing is proposed and successfully demonstrated. In the past, most microfluidic sheath flow systems have often only confined the sample solution on the sides, leaving the top and bottom of the sample stream in contact with the floor and ceiling of the channel. While relatively simple to build, these designs increase the risk of adsorption of sample components to the top and bottom of the channel. A few designs have been successful in completely sheathing the sample stream, but these typically require multiple sheath inputs and several alignment steps. In the designs presented here, full sheathing is accomplished using as few as one sheath input, which eliminates the need to carefully balance the flow of two or more sheath inlets. The design is easily manufactured using current microfabrication techniques. Furthermore, the sample and sheath fluid can be subsequently separated for recapture of the sample fluid or re-use of the sheath fluid. Designs were demonstrated in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) using soft lithography and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) using micromilling and laser ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B. Howell
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5348, USA
| | - Joel P. Golden
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5348, USA
| | - Lisa R. Hilliard
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5348, USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Erickson
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5348, USA
| | - David R. Mott
- Laboratory for Computational Physics and Fluid Dynamics, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Frances S. Ligler
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5348, USA
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Takei G, Nonogi M, Hibara A, Kitamori T, Kim HB. Tuning microchannel wettability and fabrication of multiple-step Laplace valves. LAB ON A CHIP 2007; 7:596-602. [PMID: 17476378 DOI: 10.1039/b618851f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
By using characteristics of titania nanoparticles, a patterning and tuning method of microchannel surface wettability was developed for microfluid control. Titania modification of a microchannel provided a nanometer-sized surface roughness and the subsequent hydrophobic treatment made the surface superhydrophobic. Photocatalytic decomposition of the coated hydrophobic molecules was used to pattern the surface wettability which was tuned in the range from superhydrophobic to superhydrophilic under controlled photoirradiation. Four-step wettability-based Laplace valves working as passive stop valves (6.8-12.5 kPa pressure barrier) were prepared by using the patterned and tuned surface. As a demonstration, a batch operation system consisting of two sub-nL dispensers and a reaction chamber was constructed. Fundamental liquid manipulations required for the batch operation were successfully conducted, including liquid measurement (390 and 770 pL), transportation, injection into the chamber, and retention in the chamber. To verify the quantitative operation, the system was applied to a fluorescence quenching experiment as an example of volumetric analyses. The present method provides flexible patterning in a wide range of tuned wettability surfaces in microchannels even after channel fabrication and it can be applied to various two- or multi-phase microfluidic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Takei
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo, 113-8656 Japan
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Huang TT, Mosier NS, Ladisch MR. Surface engineering of microchannel walls for protein separation and directed microfluidic flow. J Sep Sci 2006; 29:1733-42. [PMID: 16970182 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200600150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of surfaces in microfluidic devices that selectively retain proteins may be difficult to implement due to the incompatibility of derivatization methods with microdevice fabrication techniques. This review describes recently reported developments in simple and rapid methods for engineering the surface chemistries of microchannels based on construction of press-fit microdevices. These devices are fabricated by placing a glass fiber on a PDMS film and pressing the film on a silicon wafer or a microscope slide that has been derivatized with octadecyltrichlorosilane (ODS). The film adheres to the slide and forms an elliptically shaped channel around the fiber. The combination of surface wettability of a hydrophilic glass microfiber and the surrounding hydrophobic microchannel surfaces directs a narrow boundary layer of liquid next to the fiber in order to bring the sample in contact with the separation media and results in selective retention of proteins. This phenomenon may be exploited to enable microscale separation applications since there are a wide variety of fibers available with different chemistries. These may be used to rapidly fabricate microchannels that serve as stationary phases for separation at a microscale. The fundamental properties of such devices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom T Huang
- Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Huang TT, Taylor DG, Lim KS, Sedlak M, Bashir R, Mosier NS, Ladisch MR. Surface-directed boundary flow in microfluidic channels. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2006; 22:6429-37. [PMID: 16800710 DOI: 10.1021/la053465h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Channel geometry combined with surface chemistry enables a stable liquid boundary flow to be attained along the surfaces of a 12 microm diameter hydrophilic glass fiber in a closed semi-elliptical channel. Surface free energies and triangular corners formed by PDMS/glass fiber or OTS/glass fiber surfaces are shown to be responsible for the experimentally observed wetting phenomena and formation of liquid boundary layers that are 20-50 microm wide and 12 microm high. Viewing this stream through a 20 microm slit results in a virtual optical window with a 5 pL liquid volume suitable for cell counting and pathogen detection. The geometry that leads to the boundary layer is a closed channel that forms triangular corners where glass fiber and the OTS coated glass slide or PDMS touch. The contact angles and surfaces direct positioning of the fluid next to the fiber. Preferential wetting of corner regions initiates the boundary flow, while the elliptical cross-section of the channel stabilizes the microfluidic flow. The Young-Laplace equation, solved using fluid dynamic simulation software, shows contact angles that exceed 105 degrees will direct the aqueous fluid to a boundary layer next to a hydrophilic fiber with a contact angle of 5 degrees. We believe this is the first time that an explanation has been offered for the case of a boundary layer formation in a closed channel directed by a triangular geometry with two hydrophobic wetting edges adjacent to a hydrophilic surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom T Huang
- Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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