1
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Pont L, Marin G, Vergara-Barberán M, Gagliardi LG, Sanz-Nebot V, Herrero-Martínez JM, Benavente F. Polymeric monolithic microcartridges with gold nanoparticles for the analysis of protein biomarkers by on-line solid-phase extraction capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1622:461097. [PMID: 32381302 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, polymeric monoliths with gold nanoparticles (AuNP@monolith) were investigated as microcartridges for the analysis of protein biomarkers by on-line solid-phase extraction capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (SPE-CE-MS). "Plug-and-play" microcartridges (7 mm) were prepared from a glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)-based monolithic capillary column (5 cm x 250 µm i.d.), which was modified with ammonia and subsequently functionalized with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The performance of these novel microcartridges was evaluated with human transthyretin (TTR), which is a protein related to different types of familial amyloidotic polyneuropathies (FAP). Protein retention depended on the isoelectric point of the protein (TTR pI~5.4) and elution was achieved with a basic phosphate solution. Under the optimized conditions, limits of detection (LODs) for TTR by AuNP@monolith-SPE-CE-MS were 50 times lower than by CE-MS (5 vs 250 mg•L-1, with an ion trap (IT) mass spectrometer). The sensitivity enhancement was similar compared to SPE-CE-MS using immunoaffinity (IA) microcartridges with intact antibodies against TTR. Linearity, repeatability in migration times and peak areas, reusability, reproducibility and application to serum samples were also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pont
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Institute for Research on Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA•UB), University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Marin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Institute for Research on Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA•UB), University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Vergara-Barberán
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, C/Doctor Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Leonardo G Gagliardi
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Métodos Analíticos, LIDMA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CIC-PBA CONICET, C/ 47 esq. 115, B1900AJL La Plata, Argentina
| | - Victoria Sanz-Nebot
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Institute for Research on Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA•UB), University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M Herrero-Martínez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, C/Doctor Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
| | - Fernando Benavente
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Institute for Research on Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA•UB), University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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2
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A critical retrospective and prospective review of designs and materials in in-line solid-phase extraction capillary electrophoresis. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1079:1-19. [PMID: 31387699 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Several strategies have been developed to decrease the concentration limits of detection (LODs) in capillary electrophoresis (CE). Nowadays, chromatographic-based preconcentration using a microcartridge integrated in the separation capillary for in-line solid-phase extraction capillary electrophoresis (SPE-CE) is one of the best alternatives for high throughput and reproducible sample clean-up and analyte preconcentration. This review covers different designs (geometrical configurations, with frits or fritless, capillary types, compatibility with commercial instrumentation, etc.) and materials (sorbents, supports, affinity ligands, etc.) applied for almost 30 years to prepare in-line SPE-CE microcartridges (i.e. analyte concentrators), with emphasis on the conventional unidirectional configuration in capillary format. Advantages, disadvantages and future perspectives are analyzed in detail to provide the reader a wide overview about the great potential of this technique to enhance sensitivity and address trace analysis.
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3
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Advances in monolithic silica columns for high-performance liquid chromatography. J Anal Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-017-0125-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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4
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Iacono M, Connolly D, Heise A. Polymer brush decorated nanoparticles immobilised on polymer monoliths for enhanced biopolymer elution. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02839c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer monoliths uniformly covered with polymer brush nanoparticles are fabricated and the elution properties investigated with myoglobin and blue dextran.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Iacono
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Dublin City University
- Dublin 9
- Ireland
| | | | - A. Heise
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Dublin City University
- Dublin 9
- Ireland
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
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5
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Zhang Z, Xu J, Hussain D, Feng YQ. Polyoxometalate incorporated porous polymer monoliths, a versatile separation media for nano liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1453:71-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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6
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Sepehrifar R, Boysen RI, Danylec B, Yang Y, Saito K, Hearn MT. Application of pH-responsive poly(2-dimethyl-aminoethylmethacrylate)-block-poly(acrylic acid) coatings for the open-tubular capillary electrochromatographic analysis of acidic and basic compounds. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 917:117-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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7
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Liu X, Chen B, Zhang L, Song S, Cai Y, He M, Hu B. TiO₂ nanoparticles functionalized monolithic capillary microextraction online coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the analysis of Gd ion and Gd-based contrast agents in human urine. Anal Chem 2015; 87:8949-56. [PMID: 26239367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a novel method of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) functionalized monolithic capillary microextraction (CME) online coupling with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) was developed for the sequential determination of Gd(3+) and Gd-based contrast agents in human urine samples. The monolithic capillary was prepared by embedding anatase TiO2 NPS in the poly(methacrylic acid-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (MAA-EDMA) framework. The Gd(3+) and Gd-based contrast agents (such as gadolinium-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) and Gd-DTPA-bismethylamide (Gd-DTPA-BMA)) display different adsorption behaviors on the prepared monolithic capillary which possesses the adsorption properties of both anatase TiO2 NPS and poly(MAA-EDMA) monolith. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection (LODs) were found to be 3.6, 3.2, and 4.5 ng L(-1) for Gd(3+), Gd-DTPA, and Gd-DTPA-BMA, respectively, which are the lowest up to date. The enrichment factor was 25-fold with the sample throughput of 5 h(-1). The proposed method was validated by the analysis of Gd(3+) and Gd-DTPA in the healthy human urine samples as well as Gd(3+) and Gd-DTPA-BMA in patient urine samples. It was found that only a small amount of the free Gd(3+) was released from Gd-DTPA-BMA, and accurate results could be obtained since no oxidation/reduction or subtraction is involved in this method. This method is simple, sensitive, and rapid and provides a very attractive nonchromatography strategy for the speciation of Gd(3+) and Gd-based contrast agents in urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University , Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Beibei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University , Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University , Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Shiyao Song
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University , Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Yabing Cai
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University , Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Man He
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University , Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University , Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
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8
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Qi R, Lv X, Niu Q, Hu B, Jia Q. Rapid HPLC-DAD quantitation of sulfonamides in honey using poly(methacrylic acid-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolith modified with 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate-grafted sodium titanate nanotubes. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj00854a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Poly(methacrylic acid-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolith modified with 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate-grafted sodium titanate nanotubes was prepared for microextraction of sulfonamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Qi
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Xueju Lv
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Qian Niu
- Jilin Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau
- Changchun 130062
- China
| | - Bin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Qiong Jia
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
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9
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Svec F, Lv Y. Advances and Recent Trends in the Field of Monolithic Columns for Chromatography. Anal Chem 2014; 87:250-73. [DOI: 10.1021/ac504059c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frantisek Svec
- International
Research Center
for Soft Matter, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Yongqin Lv
- International
Research Center
for Soft Matter, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China
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10
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Qi R, Zhou X, Li X, Ma J, Lu C, Mu J, Zhang X, Jia Q. Rapid identification of synthetic colorants in food samples by using indium oxide nanoparticle-functionalized porous polymer monolith coupled with HPLC-MS/MS. Analyst 2014; 139:6168-77. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an01392a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Ortiz-Villanueva E, Benavente F, Giménez E, Yilmaz F, Sanz-Nebot V. Preparation and evaluation of open tubular C18-silica monolithic microcartridges for preconcentration of peptides by on-line solid phase extraction capillary electrophoresis. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 846:51-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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New approach for chiral separation: from polysaccharide-based materials to chirality-responsive polymers. Sci China Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-014-5206-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Tang S, Guo Y, Xiong C, Liu S, Liu X, Jiang S. Nanoparticle-based monoliths for chromatographic separations. Analyst 2014; 139:4103-17. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an00593g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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15
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Mahouche-Chergui S, Guerrouache M, Carbonnier B, Chehimi MM. Polymer-immobilized nanoparticles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Arrua RD, Haddad PR, Hilder EF. Monolithic cryopolymers with embedded nanoparticles. II. Capillary liquid chromatography of proteins using charged embedded nanoparticles. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1311:121-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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17
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Tong S, Liu S, Wang H, Jia Q. Recent Advances of Polymer Monolithic Columns Functionalized with Micro/Nanomaterials: Synthesis and Application. Chromatographia 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2564-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Liu SQ, Hu FT, Liu CB, Chen F, Wu ZY, Liang ZQ, Xu N, Chen ZG. Graphene sheet-starch platform based on the groove recognition for the sensitive and highly selective determination of iodide in seafood samples. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 47:396-401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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19
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Navarro-Pascual-Ahuir M, Lerma-García MJ, Ramis-Ramos G, Simó-Alfonso EF, Herrero-Martínez JM. Preparation and evaluation of lauryl methacrylate monoliths with embedded silver nanoparticles for capillary electrochromatography. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:925-34. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria J. Lerma-García
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; University of Valencia; Burjassot; Spain
| | - Guillermo Ramis-Ramos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; University of Valencia; Burjassot; Spain
| | - Ernesto F. Simó-Alfonso
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; University of Valencia; Burjassot; Spain
| | - José M. Herrero-Martínez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; University of Valencia; Burjassot; Spain
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20
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Nesterenko EP, Nesterenko PN, Connolly D, He X, Floris P, Duffy E, Paull B. Nano-particle modified stationary phases for high-performance liquid chromatography. Analyst 2013; 138:4229-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an00508a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Knob R, Breadmore MC, Guijt RM, Petr J, Macka M. Porous layer open tubular monolith capillary column: switching-off the reaction kinetics as the governing factor in their preparation by using an immiscible liquid-controlled polymerization. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra23417c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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22
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Dario Arrua R, Nordborg A, Haddad PR, Hilder EF. Monolithic cryopolymers with embedded nanoparticles. I. Capillary liquid chromatography of proteins using neutral embedded nanoparticles. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1273:26-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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23
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Lv Y, Alejandro FM, Fréchet JMJ, Svec F. Preparation of porous polymer monoliths featuring enhanced surface coverage with gold nanoparticles. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1261:121-8. [PMID: 22542442 PMCID: PMC3424317 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A new approach to the preparation of porous polymer monoliths with enhanced coverage of pore surface with gold nanoparticles has been developed. First, a generic poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolith was reacted with cystamine followed by the cleavage of its disulfide bonds with tris(2-carboxylethyl)phosphine, which liberated the desired thiol groups. Dispersions of gold nanoparticles with sizes varying from 5 to 40 nm were then pumped through the functionalized monoliths. The materials were then analyzed using both energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. We found that the quantity of attached gold was dependent on the size of nanoparticles, with the maximum attachment of more than 60 wt% being achieved with 40 nm nanoparticles. Scanning electron micrographs of the cross sections of all the monoliths revealed the formation of a non-aggregated, homogenous monolayer of nanoparticles. The surface of the bound gold was functionalized with 1-octanethiol and 1-octadecanethiol, and these monolithic columns were used successfully for the separations of proteins in reversed phase mode. The best separations were obtained using monoliths modified with 15, 20, and 30 nm nanoparticles since these sizes produced the most dense coverage of pore surface with gold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqin Lv
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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24
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Wu Y, Zhang W, Chen Z. A poly (4-vinylpridine-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) monolithic concentrator for in-line concentration-capillary electrophoresis analysis of phenols in water samples. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:2911-9. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201250004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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25
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André C, Lenancker G, Guillaume YC. Non-covalent functionalisation of monolithic silica for the development of carbon nanotube HPLC stationary phases. Talanta 2012; 99:580-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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26
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Connolly D, Currivan S, Paull B. Polymeric monolithic materials modified with nanoparticles for separation and detection of biomolecules: A review. Proteomics 2012; 12:2904-17. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Damian Connolly
- Irish Separation Science Cluster (ISSC); School of Chemical Sciences; Dublin City University; Dublin 9; Ireland
| | - Sinead Currivan
- Irish Separation Science Cluster (ISSC); School of Chemical Sciences; Dublin City University; Dublin 9; Ireland
| | - Brett Paull
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS); School of Chemistry; University of Tasmania; Hobart; Tasmania; Australia
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27
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Wan L, Zhang L, Lei W, Zhu Y, Zhang W, Wang Y. Novel hybrid organic–inorganic monolithic column containing mesoporous nanoparticles for capillary electrochromatography. Talanta 2012; 98:277-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Tong S, Liu Q, Li Y, Zhou W, Jia Q, Duan T. Preparation of porous polymer monolithic column incorporated with graphene nanosheets for solid phase microextraction and enrichment of glucocorticoids. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1253:22-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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29
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Wang N, He S, Yan W, Zhu Y. Incorporation of multiwalled carbon nanotube into a polymethacrylate-based monolith for ion chromatography. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.37722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Krenkova J, Foret F, Svec F. Less common applications of monoliths: V. Monolithic scaffolds modified with nanostructures for chromatographic separations and tissue engineering. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:1266-83. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Krenkova
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the ASCR; Brno; Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Foret
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the ASCR; Brno; Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Svec
- The Molecular Foundry; E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Berkeley; California; USA
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31
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Li Y, Aggarwal P, Tolley H, Lee M. Organic Monolith Column Technology for Capillary Liquid Chromatography. ADVANCES IN CHROMATOGRAPHY 2012; 50:237-80. [DOI: 10.1201/b11636-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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32
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Boron nitride nanotubes and their functionalization via quinuclidine-3-thiol with gold nanoparticles for the development and enhancement of the HPLC performance of HPLC monolithic columns. Talanta 2012; 93:274-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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33
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Hybrid monolithic columns with nanoparticles incorporated for capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1239:64-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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Chen Y, Wang K, Yang H, Liu Y, Yao S, Chen B, Nie L, Xu G. Synthesis of sulfo/vinyl biphasic silica hybrid monolithic capillary column and its application to on-column preconcentration for capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1233:91-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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35
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Fan Y, Rubakhin SS, Sweedler JV. Collection of peptides released from single neurons with particle-embedded monolithic capillaries followed by detection with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2011; 83:9557-63. [PMID: 22053721 DOI: 10.1021/ac202338e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of the stimulated release of neuropeptides from brain slices and individual cultured neurons requires efficient collection of the releasate from relatively large volumes of physiological saline. Here, several collection approaches are optimized using particle-embedded monolithic capillaries (PEMCs) with poly(stearyl methacrylate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) monolith acting as a "glue". Two distinct extraction particles, with either pyrrolidone (PY) or ethylenediamine (EDA) as the functional group on polystyrene backbone, have been embedded into capillaries having an inner diameter of 250 μm. The capillaries act as collection devices for sampling neuropeptide release; the collection protocols are described, and the extraction efficiency of the probes are characterized. Specifically, the binding of angiotensin II from a peptide mixture onto the PY and EDA columns was 16 and 28 pmol, respectively, in a volume of 20 μL of saline. The peptides released from these columns have been characterized via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry with low femtomole detection limits. When the PEMC columns were positioned in close proximity to individual neurons and 50 mM KCl was used as the secretagogue, peptides released from individual identified cultured neurons isolated from Aplysia californica were collected and characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, United States
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Svec F. Quest for organic polymer-based monolithic columns affording enhanced efficiency in high performance liquid chromatography separations of small molecules in isocratic mode. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1228:250-62. [PMID: 21816401 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The separations of small molecules using columns containing porous polymer monoliths invented two decades ago went a long way from the very modest beginnings to the current capillary columns with efficiencies approaching those featured by their silica-based counterparts. This review article presents a variety of techniques that have been used to form capillary formats of monolithic columns with enhanced separation performance in isocratic elutions. The following text first describes the traditional approaches used for the preparation of efficient monoliths comprising variations in polymerization conditions including temperature as well as composition of monomers and porogenic solvents. Encouraging results of these experiments fueled research of completely new preparation methods such as polymerization to an incomplete conversion, use of single crosslinker, hypercrosslinking, and incorporation of carbon nanotubes that are described in the second part of the text.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frantisek Svec
- The Molecular Foundry, E.O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, MS 67R6110, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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Bruchet A, Dugas V, Mariet C, Goutelard F, Randon J. Improved chromatographic performances of glycidyl methacrylate anion-exchange monolith for fast nano-ion exchange chromatography. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:2079-87. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Krenkova J, Foret F. Iron oxide nanoparticle coating of organic polymer-based monolithic columns for phosphopeptide enrichment. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:2106-12. [PMID: 21560247 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A new monolithic capillary column with an iron oxide nanoparticle coating has been developed for selective and efficient enrichment of phosphopeptides. Iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared by a co-precipitation method and stabilized by citrate ions. A stable coating of nanoparticles was obtained via multivalent electrostatic interactions of citrate ions on the surface of iron oxide nanoparticles with a quaternary amine functionalized poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolith. A high dynamic binding capacity of 86 μmol/mL column volume was measured with an adenosine-5'-triphosphate. Performance of the monolithic column was demonstrated with the efficient and selective enrichment of phosphopeptides from peptide mixtures of α-casein and β-casein digests and their MALDI/MS characterization in off-line mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Krenkova
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the ASCR, v. v. i., Veveri, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Chambers SD, Svec F, Fréchet JM. Incorporation of carbon nanotubes in porous polymer monolithic capillary columns to enhance the chromatographic separation of small molecules. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:2546-52. [PMID: 21420096 PMCID: PMC3086594 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2010] [Revised: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes have been entrapped in monolithic poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) capillary columns to afford stationary phases with enhanced liquid chromatographic performance for small molecules in the reversed phase. While the column with no nanotubes exhibited an efficiency of only 1800 plates/m, addition of a small amount of nanotubes to the polymerization mixture increased the efficiency to over 15,000 and 35,000 plates/m at flow rates of 1 and 0.15 μL/min, respectively. Alternatively, the native glycidyl methacrylate-based monolith was functionalized with ammonia and, then, shortened carbon nanotubes, bearing carboxyl functionalities, were attached to the pore surface through the aid of electrostatic interactions with the amine functionalities. Reducing the pore size of the monolith enhanced the column efficiency for the retained analyte, benzene, to 30,000 plates/m at a flow rate of 0.25 μL/min. Addition of tetrahydrofuran to the typical aqueous acetonitrile eluents improved the peak shape and increased the column efficiency to 44,000 plates/m calculated for the retained benzene peak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart D. Chambers
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Frantisek Svec
- The Molecular Foundry, E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jean M.J. Fréchet
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- The Molecular Foundry, E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Pienpinijtham P, Han XX, Ekgasit S, Ozaki Y. Highly Sensitive and Selective Determination of Iodide and Thiocyanate Concentrations Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering of Starch-Reduced Gold Nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2011; 83:3655-62. [DOI: 10.1021/ac200743j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prompong Pienpinijtham
- Sensor Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Xiao Xia Han
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Sanong Ekgasit
- Sensor Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
| | - Yukihiro Ozaki
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
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André C, Aljhani R, Gharbi T, Guillaume YC. Incorporation of carbon nanotubes in a silica HPLC column to enhance the chromatographic separation of peptides: Theoretical and practical aspects. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:1221-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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42
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Namera A, Nakamoto A, Saito T, Miyazaki S. Monolith as a new sample preparation material: Recent devices and applications. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:901-24. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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43
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Alwael H, Connolly D, Clarke P, Thompson R, Twamley B, O'Connor B, Paull B. Pipette-tip selective extraction of glycoproteins with lectin modified gold nano-particles on a polymer monolithic phase. Analyst 2011; 136:2619-28. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15137a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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Nordborg A, Hilder EF, Haddad PR. Monolithic phases for ion chromatography. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2011; 4:197-226. [PMID: 21689046 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061010-113929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Monolithic media are continuing to increase in popularity in chromatographic applications, and the ongoing use of commercially available materials in ion chromatography (IC) has made monoliths a viable alternative to packed-bed columns for routine use. We discuss different strategies for the synthesis of polymeric and silica monoliths with ion-exchange functionality, such as direct incorporation of ion-exchange functionality during monolith preparation and different postpolymerization alterations such as grafting and coating. The formulations and strategies presented are focused on materials intended for use in IC. We also discuss strategies for materials characterization, with emphasis on nondestructive techniques for the characterization of monolith surface functionality, especially those with applicability to in situ analysis. Finally, we describe selected IC applications of polymeric and silica monoliths published from 2008 to 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nordborg
- Australian Center for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
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45
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Wixom RL, Gehrke CW. Today's Chromatographers and their Discoveries (2000-2008). CHROMATOGRAPHY 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470555729.ch5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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46
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Krenkova J, Lacher NA, Svec F. Control of Selectivity via Nanochemistry: Monolithic Capillary Column Containing Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles for Separation of Proteins and Enrichment of Phosphopeptides. Anal Chem 2010; 82:8335-41. [DOI: 10.1021/ac1018815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Krenkova
- The Molecular Foundry, E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, and Analytical R&D, Pfizer BioTherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences R&D, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017
| | - Nathan A. Lacher
- The Molecular Foundry, E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, and Analytical R&D, Pfizer BioTherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences R&D, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017
| | - Frantisek Svec
- The Molecular Foundry, E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, and Analytical R&D, Pfizer BioTherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences R&D, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017
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Cao Q, Xu Y, Liu F, Svec F, Fréchet JMJ. Polymer Monoliths with Exchangeable Chemistries: Use of Gold Nanoparticles As Intermediate Ligands for Capillary Columns with Varying Surface Functionalities. Anal Chem 2010; 82:7416-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ac1015613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Cao
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, The Molecular Foundry, E.O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-8139, and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, The Molecular Foundry, E.O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-8139, and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Feng Liu
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, The Molecular Foundry, E.O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-8139, and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Frantisek Svec
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, The Molecular Foundry, E.O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-8139, and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jean M. J. Fréchet
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, The Molecular Foundry, E.O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-8139, and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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48
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Xu Y, Cao Q, Svec F, Fréchet JMJ. Porous polymer monolithic column with surface-bound gold nanoparticles for the capture and separation of cysteine-containing peptides. Anal Chem 2010; 82:3352-8. [PMID: 20302345 PMCID: PMC2875083 DOI: 10.1021/ac1002646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new porous polymer monolithic capillary column modified with gold nanoparticles that enables the selective capture of cysteine-containing peptides has been developed to reduce the complexity of peptide mixtures generated in bottom-up proteomic analysis. The column is prepared from a poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolith through reaction of some of its epoxide moieties with cysteamine to afford a monolith rich in surface thiol groups. In situ reduction of chloroauric acid within the column is then used to form gold nanoparticles attached to the surface of the pores of the monolith. This process preserves the excellent hydrodynamic properties of the monolithic column while providing a means to selectively retain cysteine-containing peptides from an analyte due to their high affinity for gold. Release of the retained peptides is subsequently achieved with an excess of 2-mercaptoethanol. The loading capacity determined for l-cysteine using frontal elution is 2.58 mumol/m. Since the gold-thiol link is less stable at elevated temperatures, the adsorption capacity is recovered by washing the column at 80 degrees C for 2 h. While regeneration is easy, the multiplicity of bonds between the monolithic support and the gold nanoparticles prevents their elution even under harsh conditions such as treatment with pure 2-mercaptoethanol or treatment with boiling water for 5 h. Application of the gold modified monolith in tandem with a packed C18 capillary column is demonstrated with baseline separation of a peptide mixture achieved in a two step process. The first involves retention of cysteine-containing peptides in monolith with reversed phase separation of all other peptides, while the retained peptides are released from monolith and separated in the second step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, USA
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49
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Svec F. Porous polymer monoliths: amazingly wide variety of techniques enabling their preparation. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:902-24. [PMID: 19828151 PMCID: PMC2829304 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 423] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Revised: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The porous polymer monoliths went a long way since their invention two decades ago. While the first studies applied the traditional polymerization processes at that time well established for the preparation of polymer particles, creativity of scientists interested in the monolithic structures has later led to the use of numerous less common techniques. This review article presents vast variety of methods that have meanwhile emerged. The text first briefly describes the early approaches used for the preparation of monoliths comprising standard free radical polymerizations and includes their development up to present days. Specific attention is paid to the effects of process variables on the formation of both porous structure and pore surface chemistry. Specific attention is also devoted to the use of photopolymerization. Then, several less common free radical polymerization techniques are presented in more detail such as those initiated by gamma-rays and electron beam, the preparation of monoliths from high internal phase emulsions, and cryogels. Living processes including stable free radicals, atom transfer radical polymerization, and ring-opening metathesis polymerization are also discussed. The review ends with description of preparation methods based on polycondensation and polyaddition reactions as well as on precipitation of preformed polymers affording the monolithic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frantisek Svec
- The Molecular Foundry, E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, MS 67R6110, Berkeley, CA 94720-8139, USA.
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50
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Connolly D, Twamley B, Paull B. High-capacity gold nanoparticle functionalised polymer monoliths. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:2109-11. [DOI: 10.1039/b924152c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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