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All-solid-state potentiometric salicylic acid sensor for in-situ measurement of plant. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:1979-1989. [PMID: 36864309 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04616-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Using PEDOT as the conductive polymer, an innovative small-scale sensor for directly measuring salicylate ions in plants was developed, which avoided the complicated sample pretreatment of traditional analytical methods and realized the rapid detection of salicylic acid. The results demonstrate that this all-solid-state potentiometric salicylic acid sensor is easy to miniaturize, has a longer lifetime (≥1 month), is more robust, and can be directly used for the detection of salicylate ions in real samples without any additional pretreatment. The developed sensor has a good Nernst slope (63.6 ± 0.7 mV/decade), the linear range is 10-2 ~ 10-6 M, and the detection limit can reach (2.8 × 10-7 M). The selectivity, reproducibility, and stability of the sensor were evaluated. The sensor can perform stable, sensitive, and accurate in situ measurement of salicylic acid in plants, and it is an excellent tool for determining salicylic acid ions in plants in vivo.
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2
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Phoonsawat K, Agir I, Dungchai W, Ozer T, Henry CS. A smartphone-assisted hybrid sensor for simultaneous potentiometric and distance-based detection of electrolytes. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1226:340245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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3
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Choi KR, Chen XV, Hu J, Bühlmann P. Solid-Contact pH Sensor with Covalent Attachment of Ionophores and Ionic Sites to a Poly(decyl methacrylate) Matrix. Anal Chem 2021; 93:16899-16905. [PMID: 34878238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
With a view to improving the sensor lifetime, solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) were prepared with a plasticizer-free and cross-linked poly(decyl methacrylate) matrix, to which only the ionic sites, only the ionophore, or both the ionic sites and ionophore were covalently attached. In earlier work with covalently attached ionophores or ionic sites, it was difficult to discount the presence of ionophores or ionic site impurities that were not covalently attached to the polymer backbone because the reagents used to introduce the ionophore or ionic sites had high hydrophobicities. In this work, we deliberately chose readily available hydrophilic reagents for the introduction of covalently attached H+ ionophores with tertiary amino groups and covalently attached sulfonate groups as ionic sites. This simplified the synthesis and made it possible to thoroughly remove ionophores and ionic sites not covalently attached to the polymer backbone. Our results confirm the expectation that hydrophobic ISE membranes with both covalently attached ionophores and ionic sites have impractically long response times. In contrast, ISEs with either covalently attached H+ ionophores or covalently attached ionic sites responded to pH with quick Nernstian responses and high selectivity. Both conventional plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)-based ISEs and the new poly(decyl methacrylate) membranes were exposed to 90 °C heat for 2 h, 10% ethanol for 1 day, or undiluted blood serum for 5 days. In all three cases, the poly(decyl methacrylate) ISEs exhibited properties superior to conventional PVC-based ISEs, confirming the advantages of the covalent attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangrok R Choi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Xin V Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jinbo Hu
- Emerson Automation Solutions, 6021 Innovation Blvd, Shakopee Minnesota 55379, United States
| | - Philippe Bühlmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis Minnesota 55455, United States
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4
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Lvova L, Monti D, Natale CD, Paolesse R. The Long-Lasting Story of One Sensor Development: From Novel Ionophore Design toward the Sensor Selectivity Modeling and Lifetime Improvement. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21041401. [PMID: 33671289 PMCID: PMC7922500 DOI: 10.3390/s21041401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The metalloporphyrin ligand bearing incorporated anion-exchanger fragment, 5-[4-(3-trimethylammonium)propyloxyphenyl]-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrinate of Co(II) chloride, CoTPP-N, has been tested as anion-selective ionophore in PVC-based solvent polymeric membrane sensors. A plausible sensor working mechanism includes the axial coordination of the target anion on ionophore metal center followed by the formed complex aggregation with the second ionophore molecule through positively charged anion-exchanger fragment. The UV-visible spectroscopic studies in solution have revealed that the analyte concentration increase induces the J-type porphyrin aggregation. Polymeric membranes doped with CoTPP-N showed close to the theoretical Nernstian response toward nitrite ion, preferably coordinated by the ionophore, and were dependent on the presence of additional membrane-active components (lipophilic ionic sites and ionophore) in the membrane phase. The resulting selectivity was a subject of specific interaction and/or steric factors. Moreover, it was demonstrated theoretically and confirmed experimentally that the selection of a proper ratio of ionophore and anionic additive can optimize the sensor selectivity and lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Lvova
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Donato Monti
- Department of Chemistry, La Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Corrado Di Natale
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Roberto Paolesse
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
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Unintended Changes of Ion-Selective Membranes Composition-Origin and Effect on Analytical Performance. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10100266. [PMID: 32998393 PMCID: PMC7601616 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10100266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ion-selective membranes, as used in potentiometric sensors, are mixtures of a few important constituents in a carefully balanced proportion. The changes of composition of the ion-selective membrane, both qualitative and quantitative, affect the analytical performance of sensors. Different constructions and materials applied to improve sensors result in specific conditions of membrane formation, in consequence, potentially can result in uncontrolled modification of the membrane composition. Clearly, these effects need to be considered, especially if preparation of miniaturized, potentially disposable internal-solution free sensors is considered. Furthermore, membrane composition changes can occur during the normal operation of sensors—accumulation of species as well as release need to be taken into account, regardless of the construction of sensors used. Issues related to spontaneous changes of membrane composition that can occur during sensor construction, pre-treatment and their operation, seem to be underestimated in the subject literature. The aim of this work is to summarize available data related to potentiometric sensors and highlight the effects that can potentially be important also for other sensors using ion-selective membranes, e.g., optodes or voltammetric sensors.
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Fan L, Xu T, Feng J, Ji Z, Li L, Shi X, Tian C, Qin Y. Tripodal Squaramide Derivative as a Neutral Chloride Ionophore for Whole Blood and Sweat Chloride Measurement. ELECTROANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Fan
- Eaglenos, Inc.5th Floor, Building 8 No 11 Yaogu Avenue, Nanjing Jiangbei New Area Nanjing China 210063
| | - Tingting Xu
- Eaglenos, Inc.5th Floor, Building 8 No 11 Yaogu Avenue, Nanjing Jiangbei New Area Nanjing China 210063
| | - Junjun Feng
- Eaglenos, Inc.5th Floor, Building 8 No 11 Yaogu Avenue, Nanjing Jiangbei New Area Nanjing China 210063
| | - Zihan Ji
- Eaglenos, Inc.5th Floor, Building 8 No 11 Yaogu Avenue, Nanjing Jiangbei New Area Nanjing China 210063
| | - Le Li
- Eaglenos, Inc.5th Floor, Building 8 No 11 Yaogu Avenue, Nanjing Jiangbei New Area Nanjing China 210063
| | - Xinhao Shi
- Eaglenos, Inc.5th Floor, Building 8 No 11 Yaogu Avenue, Nanjing Jiangbei New Area Nanjing China 210063
| | - Chunxiu Tian
- Eaglenos, Inc.5th Floor, Building 8 No 11 Yaogu Avenue, Nanjing Jiangbei New Area Nanjing China 210063
| | - Yu Qin
- Eaglenos, Inc.5th Floor, Building 8 No 11 Yaogu Avenue, Nanjing Jiangbei New Area Nanjing China 210063
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Lvova L, Yaroshenko I, Kirsanov D, Di Natale C, Paolesse R, Legin A. Electronic Tongue for Brand Uniformity Control: A Case Study of Apulian Red Wines Recognition and Defects Evaluation †. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18082584. [PMID: 30087269 PMCID: PMC6111746 DOI: 10.3390/s18082584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The potentiometric electronic tongue system has been tested as a potential analytical tool for brand uniformity control of monoculture Apulian red wines (Primitivo and Negroamaro). The sensor array was composed of eight porphyrin coatings obtained by electrochemical polymerization process and was employed for both wines discrimination and quantitative detection of wine defect compounds: "off-odour" 3-(methylthio)-propanol; isoamyl alcohol fusel oil; benzaldehyde (marker of the yeast activity) and acetic acid (marker of vinegar formation). PLS-DA applied to Electronic tongue output data has permitted a correct discrimination of more than 70% of analysed wines in respect to the original brand affiliation. Satisfactory PLS1 predictions were obtained in real wine samples; with R² = 0.989 for isoamyl alcohol and R² = 0.732 for acetic acid. Moreover; the possibility to distinguish wine samples on the base of permitted levels of fault compounds content was shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Lvova
- Laboratory of Artificial Sensory Systems, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia.
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technology, University 'Tor Vergata', 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Irina Yaroshenko
- Laboratory of Artificial Sensory Systems, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Dmitry Kirsanov
- Laboratory of Artificial Sensory Systems, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia.
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Corrado Di Natale
- Laboratory of Artificial Sensory Systems, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Roberto Paolesse
- Laboratory of Artificial Sensory Systems, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Andrey Legin
- Laboratory of Artificial Sensory Systems, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia.
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia.
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Tobolkina EA, Skripnikova TA, Starikova AA, Shumilova GI, Pendin AA. Features of proteolytic properties of tetraphenylporphyrin complex with lanthanide group metals. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 189:227-230. [PMID: 28820975 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Demetallation of metalloporphyrin molecules is one of the essential degradation reactions in photosynthesis. The effect of metalloporphyrin nature on removal of central metals from tetraphenylporphyrin complexes based on lanthanide group metals (Dy, Er, Lu, Ho) has been studied. pH values, at which the metal ions leave the metalloporphyrin complex were established using two-phase spectrophotometric titration with potentiometric pH-control. The pH values decrease with the increase of atomic numbers of lanthanide groups, as well as with increase of 4f-electrons. The reaction of an extra ligand exchange for the hydroxide ion was studied. For Dy-, Er- and Ho-tetraphenylporphyrin complexes one particle of extra ligand coordinates with one porphyrin complex. A complex with dimeric particles can be formed for the system of Lu-tetraphenylporphyrin. Constants of the ion exchange reactions were calculated. SYNOPSIS The effect of metalloporphyrin nature on removal of central metals from tetraphenylporphyrin complexes based on lanthanide group metals (Dy, Er, Lu, Ho) has been studied. The heterophase reaction of ion-selective electrodes were calculated, as well as the reaction of an extra ligand exchange for the hydroxide ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Tobolkina
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 19, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Tatiana A Skripnikova
- St. Petersburg State University of Industrial Technologies and Design, Bolshaya Morskaja 18, 191186 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna A Starikova
- Saint-Petersburg University, St.Petersburg State University, SPbSU, SPbU, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg,199034, Russia
| | - Galina I Shumilova
- Saint-Petersburg University, St.Petersburg State University, SPbSU, SPbU, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg,199034, Russia
| | - Andrey A Pendin
- Saint-Petersburg University, St.Petersburg State University, SPbSU, SPbU, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg,199034, Russia
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Lisak G, Tamaki T, Ogawa T. Dualism of Sensitivity and Selectivity of Porphyrin Dimers in Electroanalysis. Anal Chem 2017; 89:3943-3951. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Lisak
- Johan
Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, Åbo-Turku 20500, Finland
- School
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Takashi Tamaki
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Takuji Ogawa
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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10
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Busschaert N, Caltagirone C, Van Rossom W, Gale PA. Applications of Supramolecular Anion Recognition. Chem Rev 2015; 115:8038-155. [PMID: 25996028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 858] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Caltagirone
- ‡Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 Bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Wim Van Rossom
- †Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Philip A Gale
- †Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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Chen LD, Mandal D, Pozzi G, Gladysz JA, Bühlmann P. Potentiometric sensors based on fluorous membranes doped with highly selective ionophores for carbonate. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:20869-77. [PMID: 22070518 PMCID: PMC3244523 DOI: 10.1021/ja207680e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Manganese(III) complexes of three fluorophilic salen derivatives were used to prepare ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) with ionophore-doped fluorous sensing membranes. Because of their extremely low polarity and polarizability, fluorous media are not only chemically very inert but also solvate potentially interfering ions poorly, resulting in a much improved discrimination of such ions. Indeed, the new ISEs exhibited selectivities for CO(3)(2-) that exceed those of previously reported ISEs based on nonfluorous membranes by several orders of magnitude. In particular, the interference from chloride and salicylate was reduced by 2 and 6 orders of magnitude, respectively. To achieve this, the selectivities of these ISEs were fine-tuned by addition of noncoordinating hydrophobic ions (i.e., ionic sites) into the sensing membranes. Stability constants of the anion-ionophore complexes were determined from the dependence of the potentiometric selectivities on the charge sign of the ionic sites and the molar ratio of ionic sites and the ionophore. For this purpose, a previously introduced fluorophilic tetraphenylborate and a novel fluorophilic cation with a bis(triphenylphosphoranylidene)ammonium group, (R(f6)(CH(2))(3))(3)PN(+)P(R(f6)(CH(2))(3))(3), were utilized (where R(f6) is C(6)F(13)). The optimum CO(3)(2-) selectivities were found for sensing membranes composed of anionic sites and ionophore in a 1:4 molar ratio, which results in the formation of 2:1 complexes with CO(3)(2-) with stability constants up to 4.1 × 10(15). As predicted by established theory, the site-to-ionophore ratios that provide optimum potentiometric selectivity depend on the stoichiometries of the complexes of both the primary and the interfering ions. However, the ionophores used in this study give examples of charges and stoichiometries previously neither explicitly predicted by theory nor shown by experiment. The exceptional selectivity of fluorous membranes doped with these carbonate ionophores suggests their use not only for potentiometric sensing but also for other types of sensors, such as the selective separation of carbonate from other anions and the sequestration of carbon dioxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li D. Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis MN 55455, USA
| | - Debaprasad Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842
| | - Gianluca Pozzi
- CNR-Istituto di Scienze Tecnologie Molecolari, via Golgi 19, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - John A. Gladysz
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842
| | - Philippe Bühlmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis MN 55455, USA
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Almeida S, Heitor A, Montenegro M, Sales M. Sulfadiazine-selective determination in aquaculture environment: Selective potentiometric transduction by neutral or charged ionophores. Talanta 2011; 85:1508-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Revised: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 06/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lvova L, Verrelli G, Stefanelli M, Nardis S, Di Natale C, Amico AD, Makarychev-Mikhailov S, Paolesse R. Platinum porphyrins as ionophores in polymeric membrane electrodes. Analyst 2011; 136:4966-76. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15069c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Peper S, Gonczy C. Potentiometric Response Characteristics of Membrane-BasedCs+-Selective Electrodes Containing Ionophore-Functionalized Polymeric Microspheres. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.4061/2011/276896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cs+-selective solvent polymeric membrane-based ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) were developed by doping ethylene glycol-functionalized cross-linked polystyrene microspheres (P-EG) into a plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) matrix containing sodium tetrakis-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl) borate (TFPB) as the ion exchanger. A systematic study examining the effects of the membrane plasticizers bis(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate (DOS), 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether (NPOE), and 2-fluorophenyl nitrophenyl ether (FPNPE) on the potentiometric response and selectivity of the corresponding electrodes was performed. Under certain conditions, P-EG-based ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) containing TFPB and plasticized with NPOE exhibited a super-Nernstian response between1×10−3and1×10−4 M Cs+, a response characteristic not observed in analogous membranes plasticized with either DOS or FPNPE. Additionally, the performance of P-EG-based ISEs was compared to electrodes based on two mobile ionophores, a neutral lipophilic ethylene glycol derivative (ethylene glycol monooctadecyl ether (U-EG)) and a charged metallacarborane ionophore, sodium bis(dicarbollyl)cobaltate(III) (CC). In general, P-EG-based electrodes plasticized with FPNPE yielded the best performance, with a linear range from 10-1–10-5 M Cs+, a conventional lower detection limit of8.1×10−6 M Cs+, and a response slope of 57.7 mV/decade. The pH response of P-EG ISEs containing TFPB was evaluated for membranes plasticized with either NPOE or FPNPE. In both cases, the electrodes remained stable throughout the pH range 3–12, with only slight proton interference observed below pH 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Peper
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
- Radiochemical Analysis Group, Chemical & Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Chad Gonczy
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
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Inoue T, Baba T, Yuchi A. Responses of Metalloporphyrin-Based Ion-Selective Electrodes to pH. ELECTROANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Zahran EM, Hua Y, Li Y, Flood AH, Bachas LG. Triazolophanes: a new class of halide-selective ionophores for potentiometric sensors. Anal Chem 2010; 82:368-75. [PMID: 19994863 DOI: 10.1021/ac902132d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Triazolophanes, cyclic compounds containing 1,2,3-triazole units, are a new class of host molecules that demonstrate strong interactions with halides. These molecules are designed with a preorganized cavity that interacts through hydrogen bonding with spherical anions, such as chloride and bromide. We have explored the use of one such triazolophane as a halide-selective ionophore in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) membrane electrodes. Different membrane compositions were evaluated to identify concentrations of the ionophore, plasticizer, and lipophilic additive that give rise to the best chloride and bromide selectivity. The lipophilicity of the plasticizer was found to have a great impact on the electrode response. Additionally, the concentration of the lipophilic additive was found to be critical for optimal response. The utility of a triazolophane-based electrode was demonstrated by quantification of bromide in horse serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsayed M Zahran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
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19
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Wygladacz K, Qin Y, Wroblewski W, Bakker E. Phosphate-selective fluorescent sensing microspheres based on uranyl salophene ionophores. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 614:77-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2008] [Revised: 02/26/2008] [Accepted: 02/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Wang L, Meyerhoff ME. Polymethacrylate polymers with appended aluminum(III)-tetraphenylporphyrins: Synthesis, characterization and evaluation as macromolecular ionophores for electrochemical and optical fluoride sensors. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 611:97-102. [PMID: 18298973 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2007] [Revised: 01/21/2008] [Accepted: 01/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of a novel polymethacylate polymer with covalently linked Al(III)-tetraphenylporphyrin (Al(III)-TPP) groups is reported. The new polymer is examined as a potential macromolecular ionophore for the preparation of polymeric membrane-based potentiometric and optical fluoride selective sensors. To prepare the polymer, an Al(III) porphyrin monomer modified with a methacrylate functionality is synthesized, allowing insertion into a polymethacrylate block copolymer (methyl methacrylate and decyl methacrylate) backbone. The resulting polymer can then be incorporated, along with appropriate additives, into conventional plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) films for testing electrochemical and optical fluoride response properties. The covalent attachment of the Al(III)-TPP ionophore to the copolymer matrix provides potentiometric sensors that exhibit significant selectivity for fluoride ion with extended lifetimes (compared to ion-selective membrane electrodes formulated with conventional free Al(III)-TPP structure). However, quite surprisingly, the attachment of the ionophore to the polymer does not eliminate the interaction of Al(III)-TPP structures to form dimeric species within the membrane phase in the presence of fluoride ion. Such interactions are confirmed by UV/visible spectroscopy of the blended polymeric films. Use of the new polymer-Al(III)-TPP conjugates to prepare optical fluoride sensors by co-incorporating a lipophilic pH indicator (4',5'-dibromofluorescein octadecyl ester; ETH7075) is also examined and the resulting optical sensing films are shown to exhibit excellent selectivity for fluoride, with the potential for prolonged operational lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, 930 N. University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Bobacka
- Åbo Akademi University, Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Turku-Åbo, Finland; Faculty of Material Science and Ceramics, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Cracow, Poland; and Åbo Akademi University, Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Center for Process Analytical Chemistry and Sensor Technology (ProSens), Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Turku-Åbo, Finland
| | - Ari Ivaska
- Åbo Akademi University, Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Turku-Åbo, Finland; Faculty of Material Science and Ceramics, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Cracow, Poland; and Åbo Akademi University, Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Center for Process Analytical Chemistry and Sensor Technology (ProSens), Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Turku-Åbo, Finland
| | - Andrzej Lewenstam
- Åbo Akademi University, Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Turku-Åbo, Finland; Faculty of Material Science and Ceramics, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Cracow, Poland; and Åbo Akademi University, Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Center for Process Analytical Chemistry and Sensor Technology (ProSens), Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Turku-Åbo, Finland
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Kang Y, Kampf JW, Meyerhoff ME. Optical fluoride sensor based on monomer-dimer equilibrium of scandium(III)-octaethylporphyrin in a plasticized polymeric film. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 598:295-303. [PMID: 17719905 PMCID: PMC2043127 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2007] [Revised: 07/14/2007] [Accepted: 07/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A fluoride-selective optical sensor based on scandium(III)-octaethylporphyrin (Sc(III)OEP) as an ionophore within a plasticized PVC film is described. The presence of fluoride ion in the aqueous sample phase increases the formation of a difluoro-bridged Sc(III)OEP dimer species in the polymer film. The ability of the Sc(III) porphyrin to form the dimeric structure in the presence of fluoride is confirmed by UV-vis spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. For more practical sensing applications, a pH chromoionophore (ETH 7075) is added to the plasticized PVC film along with Sc(III)OEP and the observed optical response is based on coextraction of protons with sample phase fluoride to create the dimeric porphyrin and a protonated chromoionophore species. The selectivity pattern observed is F- >> ClO4(-), SCN-, NO3(-) > Br-, Cl-. Only organic salicylate is a significant interferent. Fast and reversible fluoride response is observed over the range of 10(-4) to 10(-2) M fluoride, allowing use of the sensing film in a waveguide configuration for flow-injection measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjea Kang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, United States
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23
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Wang K, Fu ST, Wu L, Li ZY. Porphyrin dimers and their interaction with DNA. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2007.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Radu A, Peper S, Bakker E, Diamond D. Guidelines for Improving the Lower Detection Limit of Ion-Selective Electrodes: A Systematic Approach. ELECTROANAL 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200603741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Bakker
- Department of Chemistry, 560 Oval Drive, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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27
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Kang Y, Meyerhoff ME. Rapid response optical ion/gas sensors using dimer–monomer metalloporphyrin equilibrium in ultrathin polymeric films coated on waveguides. Anal Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Mitchell-Koch J, Pietrzak M, Malinowska E, Meyerhoff M. Aluminum(III) Porphyrins as Ionophores for Fluoride Selective Polymeric Membrane Electrodes. ELECTROANAL 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200503450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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29
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30
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Mitchell-Koch J, Malinowska E, Meyerhoff M. Gallium(III)-Schiff Base Complexes as Novel Ionophores for Fluoride Selective Polymeric Membrane Electrodes. ELECTROANAL 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200503284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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