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Reciprocating free-flow isoelectric focusing with online array ultraviolet detector for process monitoring of protein separation. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1663:462747. [PMID: 34973480 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Free-flow isoelectric focusing (FFIEF) is a useful tool for separating and purifying proteins, DNA, cells, and organelles, etc. However, the online monitoring of each fraction during an FFIEF run has not been achieved yet, resulting in a lack of process monitoring of FFIEF. Herein, an online array ultraviolet (UV) detection system was developed for the easy assay of FFE fractions. The detector was integrated with an apparatus of FFIEF with 32 fractions to show the online monitoring, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme were chosen as the model proteins for manifesting the UV detector performance. The experiments revealed that (i) all the fluidic cells had good linearity from 0.03 to 10 mg/mL BSA and fair limits of detection (LODs) of 0.01 mg/mL; (ii) all the cells had good uniformity of UV absorbance; and (iii) the deviations of intra-day and inter-day of UV detector were respectively 3.8% and 5.8%, indicating the fair stability of the UV detector. The UV detector could be well used for the process monitoring of two model proteins through the whole FFIEF run, and the online absorbance assay of proteins at the end of FFIEF. The UV detector herein had the evident potential for rapid and convenient assay of protein fraction in FFIEF as well as other FFE modes.
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2
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Liu Y, Gong X, Cheng Z, Shuang S, Choi MMF, Li C, Dong C. Near-infrared photoluminescence enhancement of N-acetyl- l-cysteine (NAC)-protected gold nanoparticles via fluorescence resonance energy transfer from NAC-stabilized CdTe quantum dots. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra18456a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Water-soluble N-acetyl-l-cysteine-protected gold nanoparticles (NAC-AuNPs) and NAC-stabilized cadmium telluride quantum dots (NAC-CdTeQDs) have been synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Institute of Environmental Science
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Gong
- Institute of Environmental Science
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
| | - Zhe Cheng
- Institute of Environmental Science
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
| | - Shaomin Shuang
- Institute of Environmental Science
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
| | - Martin M. F. Choi
- Partner State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis
- Department of Chemistry
- Hong Kong Baptist University
- Kowloon Tong
- China
| | - Chenzhong Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Florida International University
- Miami
- USA
| | - Chuan Dong
- Institute of Environmental Science
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
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3
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Agostino FJ, Krylov SN. Advances in steady-state continuous-flow purification by small-scale free-flow electrophoresis. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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4
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Liu Y, Zhang D, Pang S, Liu Y, Shang Y. Size separation of graphene oxide using preparative free-flow electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2014; 38:157-63. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201401000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Shiwu Pang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Yanyun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Yu Shang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai P. R. China
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Sebastian V, Arruebo M, Santamaria J. Reaction engineering strategies for the production of inorganic nanomaterials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:835-53. [PMID: 24123934 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201301641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The rapid expansion of nanotechnology requires scaled-up production rates to cope with increased nanomaterials demand. However, in many cases, the final uses of nanomaterials impose strict requisites on their physical and chemical characteristics including size, shape, chemical composition and type of functional groups on their surface. Frequently, additional features such as a limited degree of agglomeration are also demanded. These requisites represent a serious challenge to present-day synthesis methods when nanomaterials must be produced in large amounts. Some of the possible solutions from the reaction engineering perspective are discussed in this work for both gas and liquid phase production processes. Special attention will be devoted to enabling technologies, which allow the production of engineered nanoparticles with limited aggregation and with a good control on their nano-scale characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Sebastian
- Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA) and Department of Chemical Engineering University of Zaragoza 50018 Zaragoza, Spain, Networking Research Center in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), E-50018, Zaragoza, Spain
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6
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López-Lorente ÁI, Valcárcel M. Separation Techniques of Gold Nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63285-2.00009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
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7
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Yan J, Guo CG, Liu XP, Kong FZ, Shen QY, Yang CZ, Li J, Cao CX, Jin XQ. A simple and highly stable free-flow electrophoresis device with thermoelectric cooling system. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1321:119-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Yang X, Su Y, Paau MC, Choi MMF. Mass Spectrometric Identification of Water-Soluble Gold Nanocluster Fractions from Sequential Size-Selective Precipitation. Anal Chem 2012; 84:1765-71. [PMID: 22229882 DOI: 10.1021/ac2029908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiupei Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637000, P. R. China
| | - Yan Su
- College of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637000, P. R. China
| | - Man Chin Paau
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 224 Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Martin M. F. Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 224 Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
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Tang Z, Xu B, Wu B, Robinson DA, Bokossa N, Wang G. Monolayer reactions of protected Au nanoclusters with monothiol tiopronin and 2,3-dithiol dimercaptopropanesulfonate. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:2989-2996. [PMID: 21314173 DOI: 10.1021/la1045628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The novel thiol bridging "staple motif RS-Au-SR" discovered at the Au-thiolate interface has tremendously advanced the structural understanding of monolayer protected Au clusters (AuMPCs). In this paper, multidentate dithiol ligands are introduced into the monolayer of the Au clusters. The impacts of dithiols on the Au-monothiolate interfacial bonding and related physical properties are explored. A correlation is established of the near-IR luminescence with Au-tiopronin monothiol interactions that are constrained by the dithiol molecule structures. Two types of monolayer reaction are studied: (1) monothiol tiopronin AuMPCs with dithiol molecule 2,3-dimercaptopropanesulfonate (DMPS) and (2) DMPS Au dithiol clusters (AuDTCs) with tiopronin monothiol ligands. Upon the addition of excess DMPS molecules into tiopronin MPC solution, tiopronin molecules are efficiently liberated from the original AuMPCs monitored by proton NMR. The process is accompanied by the decrease of near-infrared luminescence of the tiopronin AuMPCs. A slower enhancement of the 282 nm absorption band is observed, a signature of DMPS Au4DTCs characterized by mass spectrometry. The analysis of the reaction kinetics reveals a two-step mechanism: a facile ligand replacement followed by a sluggish core etching process. The reverse approach, tiopronin molecules reacting with DMPS DTCs, results in the addition of tiopronin into DMPS monolayer instead of ligand exchange. Near-IR luminescence intensifies with the monolayer addition of tiopronin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghua Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University , Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States
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Wu CS, Liu FK, Ko FH. Potential role of gold nanoparticles for improved analytical methods: an introduction to characterizations and applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 399:103-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4094-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 08/01/2010] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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11
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Tang Z, Xu B, Wu B, Germann MW, Wang G. Synthesis and structural determination of multidentate 2,3-dithiol-stabilized Au clusters. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:3367-74. [PMID: 20158181 DOI: 10.1021/ja9076149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Interface bond structure, in addition to the well-known size and shape quantum confinement effects, is another factor that affects the properties of nanomaterials that is less known and studied. Inspired by the thiol-bridging "staple" motif (RS-Au-SR, Jadzinsky; et al. Science 2007, 318, 430.) discovered from monothiol-stabilized gold nanoclusters, dithiol ligand 2,3-dimercaptopropanesulfonic (DMPS) acid has been employed to synthesize dithiol-protected Au clusters (DTCs). The structure and property of the Au DTCs are studied to probe two effects: the entropy gain of dithiol over monothiol ligand protection and the constraint to the formation of the thiol bridging surface bonding. The hydrodynamic sizes of Au DTCs were estimated by diffusion nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The size distribution, Au core plus ligands on solid support, was confirmed by atomic force microscope (AFM) imaging. Size-dependent optical properties were observed. Au(4) clusters at high purity, characterized by mass spectrometry and organic-metal ratio confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), display a characteristic absorbance band at 282 nm. The proton chemical environments as well as Au-S bond information of the Au(4) cluster were fully elucidated by (13)C-(1)H heteronuclear single-quantum coherence (HSQC) in conjunction with other two-dimensional (2D) NMR techniques. The Au-S bonding was further studied in thiol stretching by infrared and Au(4f) and S(2p) electrons by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). One possible structure of the Au(4) cluster has been proposed that needs further theoretical studies or single-crystal confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghua Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, USA
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12
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Ackerson CJ, Jadzinsky PD, Sexton JZ, Bushnell DA, Kornberg RD. Synthesis and bioconjugation of 2 and 3 nm-diameter gold nanoparticles. Bioconjug Chem 2010; 21:214-8. [PMID: 20099843 PMCID: PMC3113727 DOI: 10.1021/bc900135d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
By adjustment of solvent conditions for synthesis, virtually monodisperse 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (p-MBA) monolayer-protected gold nanoparticles, 2 and 3 nm in diameter, were obtained. Large single crystals of the 2 nm particles could be grown from the reaction mixture. Uniformity was also demonstrated by the formation of two-dimensional arrays and by quantitative high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy. The 2 and 3 nm particles were spontaneously reactive for conjugation with proteins and DNA, and further reaction could be prevented by repassivation with glutathione. Conjugates with antibody Fc fragment could be used to identify TAP-tagged proteins of interest in electron micrographs, through the binding of a pair of particles to the pair of protein A domains in the TAP tag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Ackerson
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford School of Medicine, 299 Campus Drive West, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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13
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Liu FK. Analysis and applications of nanoparticles in the separation sciences: A case of gold nanoparticles. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:9034-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Revised: 06/23/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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14
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Wang J, Liu Y, Zhang X, Mi Z, Wang L. Facile preparation of hydrocarbon fuel-soluble nano-catalyst and its novel application in catalytic combustion of JP-10. CATAL COMMUN 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2009.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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15
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Agnihotri SM, Ohshima H, Terada H, Tomoda K, Makino K. Electrophoretic mobility of colloidal gold particles in electrolyte solutions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:4804-4807. [PMID: 19366230 DOI: 10.1021/la803671t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The electrophoretic mobility of five different-sized spherical colloidal gold particles has been measured in aqueous potassium chloride (KCl) and sodium phosphate electrolyte solutions over the concentration range 0.005-0.154 M solutions. The measured mobilities are independent of electrolyte type and dependent on electrolyte concentration. Interpretation of the mobilities using the simplified electrokinetic formula of Ohshima (J Colloid Interface Sci. 2001, 239, 587-590) indicates that the magnitude of the effective electrokinetic charge density and total charge of particle remains apparently constant with electrolyte concentration. The effective electrokinetic surface charge is negative in KCl and sodium phosphate solutions. The zeta-potential shows a maximum absolute value in both electrolyte solutions (negative).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar M Agnihotri
- Center for Drug Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
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16
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Ho S, Critchley K, Lilly GD, Shim B, Kotov NA. Free flow electrophoresis for the separation of CdTe nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b820703h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Lo CK, Paau MC, Xiao D, Choi MMF. Application of capillary zone electrophoresis for separation of water-soluble gold monolayer-protected clusters. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:2330-9. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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18
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Jadzinsky PD, Calero G, Ackerson CJ, Bushnell DA, Kornberg RD. Structure of a thiol monolayer-protected gold nanoparticle at 1.1 A resolution. Science 2007; 318:430-3. [PMID: 17947577 DOI: 10.1126/science.1148624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1731] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Structural information on nanometer-sized gold particles has been limited, due in part to the problem of preparing homogeneous material. Here we report the crystallization and x-ray structure determination of a p-mercaptobenzoic acid (p-MBA)-protected gold nanoparticle, which comprises 102 gold atoms and 44 p-MBAs. The central gold atoms are packed in a Marks decahedron, surrounded by additional layers of gold atoms in unanticipated geometries. The p-MBAs interact not only with the gold but also with one another, forming a rigid surface layer. The particles are chiral, with the two enantiomers alternating in the crystal lattice. The discrete nature of the particle may be explained by the closing of a 58-electron shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo D Jadzinsky
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Bücking W, Nann T. Electrophoretic analysis of gold nanoparticles: size-dependent electrophoretic mobility of nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 153:47-53. [PMID: 16796399 DOI: 10.1049/ip-nbt:20050043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Efforts were made to realise a two-dimensional, on-line-coupled isotachophoresis-capillary zone electrophoresis system. The electrophoretic behaviour of gold nanoparticles was investigated with the idea that they could be used to improve the control of this electrophoretic set-up. The well-known citrate-ligated gold nanoparticles were not suitable for this application, because the ligand was desorbed, and the nanoparticle solutions were degraded. Therefore mercaptocarboxylic acids were used, because the chemisorption of thiols on the gold surface was improved. Isotachophoretic measurements were carried out with these nanoparticles. A size-dependent electrophoretic mobility was found according to theoretical predictions, and the surface and zeta-potential were discussed for the small particle range. A new method for concentration measurements of nanoparticles is presented by means of isotachophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Bücking
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), Albert-Ludwig University Freiburg, Germany
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