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Liao Y, Yu H, Zhang Y, Lu Z, Sun Y, Guo L, Guo J, Kang Z, Feng X, Sun Y, Wang G, Su Z, Lu T, Yang Y, Li W, Lv L, Yan H, Zhang D, Yue W. Genome-wide association study implicates lipid pathway dysfunction in antipsychotic-induced weight gain: multi-ancestry validation. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:1857-1868. [PMID: 38336841 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02447-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Antipsychotic-induced weight gain (AIWG) is a common side effect of antipsychotic medication and may contribute to diabetes and coronary heart disease. To expand the unclear genetic mechanism underlying AIWG, we conducted a two-stage genome-wide association study in Han Chinese patients with schizophrenia. The study included a discovery cohort of 1936 patients and a validation cohort of 534 patients, with an additional 630 multi-ancestry patients from the CATIE study for external validation. We applied Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the relationship between AIWG and antipsychotic-induced lipid changes. Our results identified two novel genome-wide significant loci associated with AIWG: rs10422861 in PEPD (P = 1.373 × 10-9) and rs3824417 in PTPRD (P = 3.348 × 10-9) in Chinese Han samples. The association of rs10422861 was validated in the European samples. Fine-mapping and functional annotation revealed that PEPD and PTPRD are potentially causal genes for AIWG, with their proteins being prospective therapeutic targets. Colocalization analysis suggested that AIWG and type 2 diabetes (T2D) shared a causal variant in PEPD. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for AIWG and T2D significantly predicted AIWG in multi-ancestry samples. Furthermore, MR revealed a risky causal effect of genetically predicted changes in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 7.58 × 10-4) and triglycerides (P = 2.06 × 10-3) caused by acute-phase of antipsychotic treatment on AIWG, which had not been previously reported. Our model, incorporating antipsychotic-induced lipid changes, PRSs, and clinical predictors, significantly predicted BMI percentage change after 6-month antipsychotic treatment (AUC = 0.79, R2 = 0.332). Our results highlight that the mechanism of AIWG involves lipid pathway dysfunction and may share a genetic basis with T2D through PEPD. Overall, this study provides new insights into the pathogenesis of AIWG and contributes to personalized treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yundan Liao
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China
| | - Yuyanan Zhang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, 100191, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Zhe Lu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yaoyao Sun
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Liangkun Guo
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhewei Kang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiaoyang Feng
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yutao Sun
- No.5 Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, 063000, China
| | - Guishan Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining, 272051, China
| | - Zhonghua Su
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining, 272051, China
| | - Tianlan Lu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002, Henan, China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002, Henan, China
| | - Luxian Lv
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002, Henan, China
| | - Hao Yan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Dai Zhang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 102206, China
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation (IBRR), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Weihua Yue
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, 100191, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China.
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 102206, China.
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Fiorito S, Genovese S, Epifano F, Collevecchio C. Prolidase activity assays. A survey of the reported literature methodologies. Anal Biochem 2024; 689:115506. [PMID: 38460899 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2024.115506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Prolidase (EC.3.4.13.9) is a dipeptidase known nowadays to play a pivotal role in several physiological and pathological processes. More in particular, this enzyme is involved in the cleavage of proline- and hydroxyproline-containing dipeptides (imidodipeptides), thus finely regulating the homeostasis of free proline and hydroxyproline. Abnormally high or low levels of prolidase have been found in numerous acute and chronic syndromes affecting humans (chronic liver fibrosis, viral and acute hepatitis, cancer, neurological disorders, inflammation, skin diseases, intellectual disability, respiratory infection, and others) for which the content of proline is well recognized as a clinical marker. As a consequence, the accurate analytical determination of prolidase activity is of greatly significant importance in clinical diagnosis and therapy. Apart from the Chinard's assay, some other more sensitive and well validated methodologies have been published. These include colorimetric and spectrophotometric determinations of free proline produced by enzymatic reactions, capillary electrophoresis, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, electrochemoluminescence, thin layer chromatography, and HPLC. The aim of this comprehensive review is to make a detailed survey of the in so far reported analytical techniques, highlighting their general features, as well as their advantages and possible drawbacks, providing in the meantime suggestions to stimulate further research in this intriguing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Fiorito
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università"Gabriele d'Annunzio" Chieti - Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti Scalo, CH, Italy
| | - Salvatore Genovese
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università"Gabriele d'Annunzio" Chieti - Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti Scalo, CH, Italy.
| | - Francesco Epifano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università"Gabriele d'Annunzio" Chieti - Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti Scalo, CH, Italy.
| | - Chiara Collevecchio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università"Gabriele d'Annunzio" Chieti - Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti Scalo, CH, Italy
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Yang W, Xu J, Yao Q, Xu X, Chen X, Ni J, Wang Q, Lin Z. Electrophoretic deposition of Ru(bpy) 32+ in vertically-ordered silica nanochannels: A solid-state electrochemiluminescence sensor for prolidase assay. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 247:115967. [PMID: 38147716 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Prolidase (PLD) plays a crucial role as a dipeptidase in various physiological processes, specifically involved in the cleavage of proline-containing dipeptides for efficient recycling of proline. The accurate determination of PLD activity holds significant importance in clinical diagnosis. Herein, a solid-state electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor was developed to address the urgent need for PLD assay. The Ru(bpy)32+ was electrophoretically deposited within the nanochannels of vertically-ordered mesoporous silica film (VMSF) on indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. The Ru(bpy)32+-deposited VMSF/ITO (Ru-VMSF/ITO) exhibited a remarkable ECL response towards proline, attributed to the enhanced concentration of the reactants and improved electron transfer resulting from the nanoconfinement effect. As PLD specifically enzymolyzed the Gly-Pro dipeptide to release proline, a proline-mediated biosensor was developed for PLD assay. Increased PLD activity led to enhanced release of proline into the porous solid-state ECL sensors, resulting in a more robust ECL signal. There was a linear relationship between ΔECL intensity and logarithmic concentration of PLD in the range of 10-10000 U/L, with a detection limit of 1.98 U/L. Practical tests demonstrated the reliability and convenience of the proposed bioassay, making it suitable for widespread application in PLD assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Yang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Pollution Monitoring and Control, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Jiajing Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Pollution Monitoring and Control, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Qingda Yao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Pollution Monitoring and Control, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Xiaoguang Xu
- Zhangzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Pollution Monitoring and Control, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Jiancong Ni
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Pollution Monitoring and Control, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China.
| | - Qingxiang Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Pollution Monitoring and Control, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Zhenyu Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China.
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4
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Yang Y, Jiang H, Li J, Zhang J, Gao SZ, Lu ML, Zhang XY, Liang W, Zou X, Yuan R, Xiao DR. Highly stable Ru-complex-based metal-covalent organic frameworks as novel type of electrochemiluminescence emitters for ultrasensitive biosensing. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023. [PMID: 37194328 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00260h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Developing novel types of high-performance electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emitters is of great significance for constructing ultrasensitive ECL sensors. Herein, a highly stable metal-covalent organic framework (MCOF), termed Ru-MCOF, has been devised and synthesized by employing a classic ECL luminophore, tris(4,4'-dicarboxylicacid-2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) (Ru(dcbpy)32+), as building unit and applied as a novel ECL probe to construct an ultrasensitive ECL sensor for the first time. Impressively, the topologically ordered and porous architectures of the Ru-MCOF not only allow Ru(bpy)32+ units to precisely locate and homogeneously distribute in the skeleton via strong covalent bonds but also facilitate the transport of co-reactants and electrons/ions in channels to promote the electrochemical activation of both external and internal Ru(bpy)32+ units. All these features endow the Ru-MCOF with excellent ECL emission, high ECL efficiency, and outstanding chemical stability. As expected, the constructed ECL biosensor based on the Ru-MCOF as a high-efficiency ECL probe accomplishes the ultrasensitive detection of microRNA-155. Overall, the synthesized Ru-MCOF not only enriches the MCOF family but also displays excellent ECL performance and thus expands the application of MCOFs in bioassays. Considering the structural diversity and tailorability of MCOFs, this work opens a new horizon to design and synthesize high-performance ECL emitters, therefore paving a new way to develop highly stable and ultrasensitive ECL sensors and motivating further research on MCOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Haicheng Jiang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China.
| | - Jialu Li
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China.
| | - Jialing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Shu-Zhen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Mei-Ling Lu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Xin-Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Wenbin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoqin Zou
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China.
| | - Ruo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Dong-Rong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
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5
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Chen R, Wang X, Wu K, Liu S, Zhang Y. Voltammetric Study and Modeling of the Electrochemical Oxidation Process and the Adsorption Effects of Luminol and Luminol Derivatives on Glassy Carbon Electrodes. Anal Chem 2022; 94:17625-17633. [PMID: 36475634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Luminol is one of the most widely used electrochemiluminescence (ECL) reagents, yet the detailed mechanism and kinetics of the electrochemical oxidation of luminol remain unclear. We propose a model that describes the electrochemical oxidation of luminol as multiple electron transfer reactions followed by an irreversible chemical reaction, and we applied a finite element method simulation to analyze the electron transfer kinetics in alkaline solutions. Although negligible at higher pH values, the adsorption of luminol on the glassy carbon electrode became noticeable in a solution with pH = 12. Additionally, various types of adsorption behaviors were observed for luminol derivatives and analogues, indicating that the molecular structure affected not only the oxidation but also the adsorption process. The adsorption effect was analyzed through a model with a Langmuir isotherm to show that the saturated surface concentration as well as the reaction kinetics increased with decreasing pH, suggesting a competition for the active sites between the molecule and OH-. Moreover, we show that the ECL intensity could be boosted through the adsorption effect by collecting the ECL intensity generated through the electrochemical oxidation of luminol and a luminol analogue, L012, in a solution with pH = 13. In contrast with luminol, a significant adsorption effect was observed for L012 at pH = 13, and the ECL intensity was enhanced by the adsorbed species, especially at higher scan rates. The magnitude of the enhancement of the ECL intensity matched well with the simulation using our model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Chen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing211189, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing211189, China
| | - Kaiqing Wu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing211189, China
| | - Songqin Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing211189, China
| | - Yuanjian Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing211189, China
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6
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Chen Z, Li Y, Qin H, Yang X, Cao W. A dual-mechanism-driven electrochemiluminescence aptasensor for sensitive detection of β-amyloid peptides. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:1739-1746. [PMID: 35468173 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay00410k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
β-Amyloid (Aβ) peptides can bind both Cu2+ and heme cofactors simultaneously to form heme-Cu2+-Aβ complexes, which are proposed to generate toxic partially reduced oxygen species (PROS, e.g., H2O2) and play a vital role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this paper, a competitive dual-mechanism-driven electrochemiluminescence (ECL) aptasensor integrating the synergistic enhancement and steric hindrance effect was described for Aβ detection. Specifically, graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4) as an effective ECL luminescent substrate and Au nanoparticles were sequentially assembled on the Au electrode surface, and then a thiol-modified aptamer for capturing Aβ peptide was attached to the surface of the electrode through the Au-S bond. Aβ peptides were simultaneously incubated with heme and Cu2+, and the forming heme-Cu2+-Aβ complexes were subsequently anchored on the electrode through the specific recognition between the target Aβ and the aptamer. When the concentration of the target Aβ is low, the synergistic enhancement effect arising from K2S2O8 with in situ generated H2O2 is predominant, resulting in an increase in the ECL signal of g-C3N4. In contrast, when the concentration of Aβ is high, the steric hindrance effect generated from heme-Cu2+-Aβ complexes is dominant, leading to a decrease in the ECL signal. The present sensor exhibits a favorable linear response for the detection of Aβ with a relatively low detection limit of 0.24 pM, and provides a more sensitive and selective platform for bioanalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China.
| | - Yinan Li
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China.
| | - Haixin Qin
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China.
| | - Wei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China.
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Qin H, Gao X, Yang X, Cao W, Liu S. A label-free and signal-on electrochemiluminescence strategy for sensitive amyloid-beta assay. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 141:111438. [PMID: 31254862 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Development of a simple, cost-effective and sensitive biosensing strategy is highly desirable to advance the applications in Alzheimer's disease diagnosis. In this paper, we present a simple, label-free and signal-on electrochemiluminescence (ECL) aptasensor for the detection of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide using luminol as ECL emitter and in-situ generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) as coreactant via catalytic reaction between Cu2+-Aβ and the dissolved O2 in the presence of ascorbic acid (AA). Aβ16, the binding site of Cu2+ in the monomeric full-length Aβ, was used as a model in present study. As a result, this signal-on ECL aptasensor has exhibited favorable analytical performance for Aβ16 monomer with a linear range of 1.0 × 10-13 mol/L-1.0 × 10-8 mol/L and a limit of detection of 3.5 × 10-14 mol/L (S/N=3). Furthermore, the proposed biosensor was also able to detect the full length Aβ40 not only in the phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solution but also in human serum. The presented biosensor represents a promising, simple, turn-on and label-free diagnostic tool for blood analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixin Qin
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering. Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China
| | - Xue Gao
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering. Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering. Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China.
| | - Wei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering. Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China
| | - Shufeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering. Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China.
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8
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Qiao Y, Li Y, Fu W, Guo Z, Zheng X. Enhancing the Electrochemiluminescence of Luminol by Chemically Modifying the Reaction Microenvironment. Anal Chem 2018; 90:9629-9636. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yali Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Wen Fu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Zhihui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Xingwang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, P. R. China
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9
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Xue Q, Jiang W, Wang L. Target-controlled gating liposome “off–on” cascade amplification for sensitive and accurate detection of phospholipase D in breast cancer cells with a low-background signal. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:10660-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05499d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Here we developed a simple, sensitive and accurate PLD detection method based on a target-controlled gating liposome (TCGL) “off–on” cascade amplified strategy and personal glucose meters (PGMs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwang Xue
- School of Pharmacy
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250012
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Wei Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250012
- P. R. China
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10
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Zheng JS, Huang T, Li K, Chen Y, Xie H, Xu D, Sun J, Li D. Modulation of the Association between the PEPD Variant and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes by n-3 Fatty Acids in Chinese Hans. JOURNAL OF NUTRIGENETICS AND NUTRIGENOMICS 2015; 8:36-43. [PMID: 26087900 DOI: 10.1159/000381348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is modulated by the interactions between genetic and dietary factors. This study sought to examine whether the associations of genome-wide association study (GWAS)-identified genetic variants with T2D risk were modulated by n-3 fatty acids in Chinese Hans. METHODS Six hundred and twenty-two T2D patients and 293 healthy controls were recruited. Erythrocyte phospholipid fatty acids were measured by standard methods. Nine GWAS-identified T2D-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped. These SNPs were all identified in GWAS of Asian populations with a high minor allele frequency (>0.2). RESULTS Among the 9 SNPs, only rs3786897 at PEPD (peptidase D) showed a significant interaction with n-3 fatty acids (p(interaction) after Bonferroni correction = 0.027). The rs3786897 A allele was associated with a higher risk of T2D [GA+AA vs. GG: odds ratio (OR) = 2.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.32-3.55] when n-3 fatty acids were lower than the population median, but no significant association (GA+AA vs. GG: OR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.35-1.12) was observed when n-3 fatty acids were higher than the median. CONCLUSIONS The association between the PEPD genetic variant and the risk of T2D was modulated by n-3 fatty acids. Higher n-3 fatty acids may abolish the adverse effect of the risk allele at PEPD for T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Sheng Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Zhang X, Chen C, Yin J, Han Y, Li J, Wang E. Portable and Visual Electrochemical Sensor Based on the Bipolar Light Emitting Diode Electrode. Anal Chem 2015; 87:4612-6. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
| | - Chaogui Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
| | - Jianyuan Yin
- Department
of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacy College, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Yanchao Han
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
| | - Erkang Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
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12
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Qi Q, Wang X, Strizich G, Wang T. Genetic Determinants of Type 2 Diabetes in Asians. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 2015. [PMID: 27583258 DOI: 10.19070/2328-353x-si01001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has become a major health problem throughout the world and the epidemic is particularly severe in Asian countries. Compared with European populations, Asians tend to develop diabetes at a younger age and at much higher incidence rates given the same amount of weight gain. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified over 70 loci associated with T2D. Although the majority of GWAS results were conducted in populations of European ancestry, recent GWAS in Asians have made important contributions to the identification of T2D susceptibility loci. These studies not only confirmed T2D susceptibility loci initially identified in European populations, but also identified novel susceptibility loci that provide new insights into the pathophysiology of diseases. In this article, we review GWAS results of T2D conducted in East and South Asians and compare them to those of European populations. Currently identified T2D genetic variants do not appear to explain the phenomenon that Asians are more susceptible to T2D than European populations, suggesting further studies in Asian populations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - X Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - G Strizich
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - T Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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13
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Gu W, Deng X, Gu X, Jia X, Lou B, Zhang X, Li J, Wang E. Stabilized, Superparamagnetic Functionalized Graphene/Fe3O4@Au Nanocomposites for a Magnetically-Controlled Solid-State Electrochemiluminescence Biosensing Application. Anal Chem 2015; 87:1876-81. [DOI: 10.1021/ac503966u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenling Gu
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Xi Deng
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Gu
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Jia
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Baohua Lou
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China
| | - Erkang Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China
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14
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Su M, Wei M, Zhou Z, Liu S. Application of capillary electrophoresis coupling with electrochemiluminescence detection to estimate activity of leucine aminopeptidas. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 27:946-52. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2012] [Revised: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Su
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southeast University; Nanjing 210096 People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wei
- College of Food Science and Technology; Henan University of Technology; Zhengzhou 450001 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southeast University; Nanjing 210096 People's Republic of China
| | - Songqin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southeast University; Nanjing 210096 People's Republic of China
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15
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Iqbal J, Iqbal S, Müller CE. Advances in immobilized enzyme microbioreactors in capillary electrophoresis. Analyst 2013; 138:3104-16. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an00031a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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16
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Abstract
Because of the potential applications of biosensors in clinical diagnosis, biomedical research, environmental analysis, and food quality control, researchers are very interested in developing sensitive, selective, rapid, reliable, and low-cost versions of these devices. A classic biosensor directly transduces ligand-target binding events into a measurable physical readout. Because of the limited detection sensitivity and selectivity in earlier biosensors, researchers have developed a number of sensing/signal amplification strategies. Through the use of nanostructured or long chain polymeric materials to increase the upload of signal tags for amplification of the signal readout associated with the ligand-target binding events, researchers have achieved high sensitivity and exceptional selectivity. Very recently, target-triggered polymerization-assisted signal amplification strategies have been exploited as a new biosensing mechanism with many attractive features. This strategy couples a small initiator molecule to the DNA/protein detection probe prior to DNA hybridization or DNA/protein and protein/protein binding events. After ligand-target binding, the in-situ polymerization reaction is triggered. As a result, tens to hundreds of small monomer signal reporter molecules assemble into long chain polymers at the location where the initiator molecule was attached. The resulting polymer materials changed the optical and electrochemical properties at this location, which make the signal easily distinguishable from the background. The assay time ranged from minutes to hours and was determined by the degree of amplification needed. In this Account, we summarize a series of electrochemical and optical biosensors that employ target-triggered polymerization. We focus on the use of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), as well as activator generated electron transfer for atom transfer radical polymerization (AGET ATRP) for in-situ formation of polymer materials for optically or electrochemically transducing DNA hybridization and protein-target binding. ATRP and AGET ATRP can tolerate a wide range of functional monomers. They also allow for the preparation of well-controlled polymers with narrow molecular weight distribution, which was predetermined by the concentration ratio of the consumed monomer to the introduced initiator. Because the reaction initiator can be attached to a variety of detection probes through well-established cross-linking reactions, this technique could be expanded as a universal strategy for the sensitive detection of DNA and proteins. We see enormous potential for this new sensing technology in the development of portable DNA/protein sensors for point-of-need applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Songqin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China
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17
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Yu H, Xu L, You T. Indirect electrochemiluminescence detection of lysine and histidine separated by capillary electrophoresis based on charge displacement. LUMINESCENCE 2012; 28:217-21. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.2367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Revised: 01/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China
| | - Lei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China
| | - Tianyan You
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China
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18
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Abstract
AbstractCapillary electrophoresis (CE) is an attractive technique in separation science because of its high separation performance, short analysis time and low cost. Electrochemical detection (EC) is a powerful tool for CE because of its high sensitivity. In this review, developments of CE-EC from 2008 to August, 2011 are reviewed. We choose papers of innovative and novel results to demonstrate the newest and most important progress in CE-EC.
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19
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Wang Z, Song H, Zhao H, Lv Y. Graphene-amplified electrogenerated chemiluminescence of CdTe quantum dots for H2O2sensing. LUMINESCENCE 2012; 28:259-64. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.2371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 03/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology; Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; Chengdu; Sichuan; 610064; China
| | - Hongjie Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology; Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; Chengdu; Sichuan; 610064; China
| | - Huihui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology; Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; Chengdu; Sichuan; 610064; China
| | - Yi Lv
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology; Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; Chengdu; Sichuan; 610064; China
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20
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Jie G, Yuan J, Huang T, Zhao Y. Electrochemiluminescence of Dendritic Magnetic Quantum Dots Nanostructure and Its Quenching by Gold Nanoparticles for Cancer Cells Assay. ELECTROANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201200062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Chen Y, Xu L, Zhao W, Guo L, Yang L. Method for the Sequential Online Analysis of Enzyme Reactions Based on Capillary Electrophoresis. Anal Chem 2012; 84:2961-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac3001644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfang Chen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024,
P.R.China
| | - Liangliang Xu
- College of Optical
and Electronical
Information, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Wenwen Zhao
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024,
P.R.China
| | - Liping Guo
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024,
P.R.China
| | - Li Yang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024,
P.R.China
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22
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Li J, Wang E. Applications of tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) in electrochemiluminescence. CHEM REC 2011; 12:177-87. [PMID: 22170737 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) [Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)] has received considerable interest over broad applications due to its remarkably high sensitivity and extremely wide dynamic range. After a brief introduction of the ECL of Ru(bpy)(3)(2+), an overview of our recent research on enhanced ECL, fabrication of solid-state ECL sensors, analytical application of an effective bioassay, and alignment of ECL with capillary electrophoresis (CE) and microchip CE is discussed in detail. Finally, we conclude with a look at the future challenges and prospects of the development of ECL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China
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23
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Analytical applications of the electrochemiluminescence of tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) coupled to capillary/microchip electrophoresis: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 704:16-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 07/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Besio R, Monzani E, Gioia R, Nicolis S, Rossi A, Casella L, Forlino A. Improved prolidase activity assay allowed enzyme kinetic characterization and faster prolidase deficiency diagnosis. Clin Chim Acta 2011; 412:1814-20. [PMID: 21699887 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Revised: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolidase is a metallo-exopeptidase hydrolyzing X-Pro and X-Hyp dipeptides. Its absence or reduced level is typical in prolidase deficiency (PD) patients, and altered prolidase activity was reported in various diseases. Therefore, standardized and accurate measurement of prolidase activity is essential for PD diagnosis, as well as to elucidate the pathophysiology of other disorders. METHODS Human recombinant prolidase was used to optimize a spectrophotometric enzyme activity assay. Kinetic parameters and Mn(2+) affinity were evaluated. The method was validated on blood and fibroblasts from PD patients. RESULTS An activation step consisting in prolidase incubation with 1 mmol/l MnCl(2) and 0.75 mmol/l reduced glutathione at 50°C for 20 min was necessary to obtain the maximum activity and to accurately determine, for the recombinant enzyme, V(max) (489 U/mg), K(m) (5.4 mM) and Mn(2+) affinity (54 mM(-1)). The method applied to PD diagnosis revealed an intra-assay CV=8% for blood and 9% for fibroblasts lysates. The inter-assay CV was 21% for blood and 20% for cell lysates. CONCLUSION We optimized a faster spectrophotometric method to measure the activity when the enzyme is fully activated, this is crucial to allow a reliable evaluation of prolidase activity from different sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Besio
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Italy
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25
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Chen XM, Su BY, Song XH, Chen QA, Chen X, Wang XR. Recent advances in electrochemiluminescent enzyme biosensors. Trends Analyt Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2010.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Zou GZ, Liang GD, Zhang XL. Strong anodic near-infrared electrochemiluminescence from CdTe quantum dots at low oxidation potentials. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:10115-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc13168k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Capillary electrophoresis with electrochemiluminescence detection: fundamental theory, apparatus, and applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 399:3323-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4445-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Revised: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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High temporal resolution monitoring of enzyme reaction and inhibition using optically gated vacancy capillary electrophoresis and immobilized enzyme. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 683:136-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2010] [Revised: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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29
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Lara FJ, García-Campaña AM, Velasco AI. Advances and analytical applications in chemiluminescence coupled to capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:1998-2027. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Muzyka EN, Rozhitskii NN. Systems of capillary electrophoresis in electrochemiluminescence analysis. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s106193481006002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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31
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Fan Y, Scriba GKE. Advances in capillary electrophoretic enzyme assays. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 53:1076-90. [PMID: 20439145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Revised: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, capillary electrophoresis (CE) has become a frequently used tool for enzyme assays due to its well-recognized advantages such as high separation efficiency, short analysis time, small sample and chemicals consumption. The published applications cover all aspects of enzyme characterization and analysis including the determination of the enzyme activity, substrate and modulator characterization and identification, as well as the investigation of enzyme-mediated metabolic pathways of bioactive molecules. The CE assays may be classified into two general categories: (1) pre-capillary assays where the reactions are performed offline followed by CE analysis of the substrates and products and (2) online assays when the enzyme reaction and separation of the analytes are performed in the same capillary. In online assays, the enzyme may be either immobilized or in solution. The latter is also referred to as electrophoretically mediated microanalysis (EMMA). The present review will highlight the literature of CE-based enzyme assays from 2006 to November 2009. One section will be devoted to applications of microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Jena, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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32
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Qian J, Zhou Z, Cao X, Liu S. Electrochemiluminescence immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of biomarker using Ru(bpy)32+-encapsulated silica nanosphere labels. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 665:32-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Revised: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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33
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Hua L, Zhou J, Han H. Direct electrochemiluminescence of CdTe quantum dots based on room temperature ionic liquid film and high sensitivity sensing of gossypol. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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34
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Wu Y, Shi H, Yuan L, Liu S. A novel electrochemiluminescence immunosensor via polymerization-assisted amplification. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:7763-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc02741c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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35
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Progress in Ru(bpy)32+ Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(08)60139-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Takeuchi F, Serizawa M, Yamamoto K, Fujisawa T, Nakashima E, Ohnaka K, Ikegami H, Sugiyama T, Katsuya T, Miyagishi M, Nakashima N, Nawata H, Nakamura J, Kono S, Takayanagi R, Kato N. Confirmation of multiple risk Loci and genetic impacts by a genome-wide association study of type 2 diabetes in the Japanese population. Diabetes 2009; 58:1690-9. [PMID: 19401414 PMCID: PMC2699880 DOI: 10.2337/db08-1494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify novel type 2 diabetes gene variants and confirm previously identified ones, a three-staged genome-wide association study was performed in the Japanese population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In the stage 1 scan, we genotyped 519 case and 503 control subjects with 482,625 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers; in the stage 2 panel comprising 1,110 case subjects and 1,014 control subjects, we assessed 1,456 SNPs (P < 0.0025, stage 1); additionally to direct genotyping, 964 healthy control subjects formed the in silico control panel. Along with genome-wide exploration, we aimed to replicate the disease association of 17 SNPs from 16 candidate loci previously identified in Europeans. The associated and/or replicated loci (23 SNPs; P < 7 x 10(-5) for genome-wide exploration and P < 0.05 for replication) were examined in the stage 3 panel comprising 4,000 case subjects and 12,569 population-based samples, from which 4,889 nondiabetic control subjects were preselected. The 12,569 subjects were used for overall risk assessment in the general population. RESULTS Four loci-1 novel with suggestive evidence (PEPD on 19q13, P = 1.4 x 10(-5)) and three previously reported-were identified; the association of CDKAL1, CDKN2A/CDKN2B, and KCNQ1 were confirmed (P < 10(-19)). Moreover, significant associations were replicated in five other candidate loci: TCF7L2, IGF2BP2, SLC30A8, HHEX, and KCNJ11. There was substantial overlap of type 2 diabetes susceptibility genes between the two populations, whereas effect size and explained variance tended to be higher in the Japanese population. CONCLUSIONS The strength of association was more prominent in the Japanese population than in Europeans for more than half of the confirmed type 2 diabetes loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Takeuchi
- Department of Medical Ecology and Informatics, Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, Japan
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Masakuni Serizawa
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomomi Fujisawa
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eitaro Nakashima
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrine Internal Medicine, Chubu Rosai Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keizo Ohnaka
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ikegami
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takao Sugiyama
- Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Katsuya
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Miyagishi
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Nakashima
- Department of Medical Informatics, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hajime Nawata
- Fukuoka Prefectural University, Fukuoka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jiro Nakamura
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Suminori Kono
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Takayanagi
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Norihiro Kato
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, Japan
- Corresponding author: Norihiro Kato,
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Tsunoda M. Chemiluminescence detection with separation techniques for bioanalytical applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12566-009-0002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nogami T, Hashimoto M, Tsukagoshi K. Metal ion analysis using microchip CE with chemiluminescence detection based on 1,10-phenanthroline-hydrogen peroxide reaction. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:408-12. [PMID: 19173341 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We developed a microchip CE method with chemiluminescence (CL) detection using the reaction of 1,10-phenanthroline and hydrogen peroxide for separation and determination of metal ions, where the metal ions acted as catalysts for the CL reaction. The microchip consisted of two microchannels that crossed at the intersection and four reservoirs that accessed the ends of the channels. The metal ions in the sample solution migrated in the channel along with 1,10-phenanthroline included in a running solution, and then mixed with hydrogen peroxide in one of the reservoirs to emit CL. The light was detected with a photomultiplier tube located just above the reservoir. Two metal ion groups, the platinum metal group (Ru(III), Rh(III), Pd(II), Os(VIII), Ir(III), and Pt(IV)) and the fourth periodic transition metal group (Cu(II), Fe(II), Co(II), and Ni(II)) were examined using the present system. The lowest detection limit was observed for Os(VIII); Os(VIII) responded over the range of 7.5x10(-12)-1.0x10(-8 )M with the detection limit of 7.5x10(-12 )M (about 38 zmol) (S/N = 3). The mixed solution of Ru(III), Rh(III), Pd(II), Os(VIII), Ir(III), and Pt(IV) could be analyzed using this system within about 2.5 min. In addition, the system was applied to the determination of Cu(II) concentration in a city water supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Nogami
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan
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39
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Fu Z, Wang L, Wang Y. Capillary electrophoresis–electrochemiluminescent detection of N,N-dimethyl ethanolamine and its application in impurity profiling and stability investigation of meclophenoxate. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 638:220-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2008] [Revised: 01/19/2009] [Accepted: 02/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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40
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HUA L, HAN H, ZHANG X. Size-dependent electrochemiluminescence behavior of water-soluble CdTe quantum dots and selective sensing of l-cysteine. Talanta 2009; 77:1654-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2008.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2008] [Revised: 09/28/2008] [Accepted: 09/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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41
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Determination of selenomethionine in selenium-enriched yeast using capillary electrophoresis on-line coupled with electrochemiluminescence detection. Mikrochim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-008-0129-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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42
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Recent Advances in Chemiluminescence Detection for Capillary Electrophoresis. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(09)60006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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43
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Wei H, Liu J, Zhou L, Li J, Jiang X, Kang J, Yang X, Dong S, Wang E. [Ru(bpy)3]2+-doped silica nanoparticles within layer-by-layer biomolecular coatings and their application as a biocompatible electrochemiluminescent tag material. Chemistry 2008; 14:3687-93. [PMID: 18306266 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200701518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
[Ru(bpy)3]2+-doped silica (RuSi) nanoparticles were synthesized by using a water/oil microemulsion method. Stable electrochemiluminescence (ECL) was obtained when the RuSi nanoparticles were immobilized on a glassy carbon electrode by using tripropylamine (TPA) as a coreactant. Furthermore, the ECL of the RuSi nanoparticles with layer-by-layer biomolecular coatings was investigated. Squential self-assembly of the polyelectrolytes and biomolecules on the RuSi nanoparticles gave nanocomposite suspensions, the ECL of which decreased on increasing the number of bilayers. Moreover, factors that affected the assembly and ECL signals were investigated. The decrease in ECL could be assigned to steric hindrance and limited diffusion of the coreactant molecules in the silica matrix after they were attached to the biomolecules. Since surface modification of the RuSi nanoparticles can improve their biocompatibility and prevent leaking of the [Ru(bpy)3]2+ ions, the RuSi nanoparticles can be readily used as efficient and stable ECL tag materials in immunoassay and DNA detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
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44
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Kinetic study of prolidase activity in erythrocytes against different substrates using capillary electrophoresis with electrochemiluminescence detection. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1200:255-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2008] [Revised: 05/09/2008] [Accepted: 05/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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45
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Liu X, Ju H. Coreactant Enhanced Anodic Electrochemiluminescence of CdTe Quantum Dots at Low Potential for Sensitive Biosensing Amplified by Enzymatic Cycle. Anal Chem 2008; 80:5377-82. [DOI: 10.1021/ac8003715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science (Ministry of Education of China), Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science (Ministry of Education of China), Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
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46
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujian Miao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, USA.
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47
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Deng B, Kang Y, Li X, Xu Q. Determination of josamycin in rat plasma by capillary electrophoresis coupled with post-column electrochemiluminescence detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 859:125-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2007] [Revised: 09/09/2007] [Accepted: 09/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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48
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Du Y, Wang E. Capillary electrophoresis and microchip capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical and electrochemiluminescence detection. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:875-90. [PMID: 17536733 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200600472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances and key strategies in capillary electrophoresis and microchip CE with electrochemical detection (ECD) and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection are reviewed. This article consists of four main parts: CE-ECD; microchip CE-ECD; CE-ECL; and microchip CE-ECL. It is expected that ECD and ECL will become powerful tools for CE microchip systems and will lead to the creation of truly disposable devices. The focus is on papers published in the last two years (from 2005 to 2006).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, PR China
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49
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Yuan J, Yin J, Wang E. Characterization of procaine metabolism as probe for the butyrylcholinesterase enzyme investigation by simultaneous determination of procaine and its metabolite using capillary electrophoresis with electrochemiluminescence detection. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1154:368-72. [PMID: 17507024 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2006] [Revised: 02/02/2007] [Accepted: 02/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis with electrochemiluminescene detection was used to characterize procaine hydrolysis as a probe for butyrylcholinesterase by in vitro procaine metabolism in plasma with butyrylcholinesterase acting as bioscavenger. Procaine and its metabolite N,N-diethylethanolamine were separated at 16 kV and then detected at 1.25 V in the presence of 5.0 mM Ru(bpy)(3)2+, with the detection limits of 2.4x10(-7) and 2.0x10(-8) mol/L (S/N=3), respectively. The Michaelis constant Km value was 1.73x10(-4) mol/L and the maximum velocity Vmax was 1.62x10(-6) mol/L/min. Acetylcholine bromide and choline chloride presented inhibition effects on the enzymatic cleavage of procaine, with the 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of 6.24x10(-3) and 2.94x10(-4) mol/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jipei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Acadamy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
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50
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LI M, LEE SH. Analysis of Monosaccharides by Capillary Electrophoresis with Electrochemiluminescence Detection. ANAL SCI 2007; 23:1347-9. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.23.1347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming LI
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology
| | - Sang Hak LEE
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University
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