1
|
Redding MJ, Grayson SM, Charles L. Mass spectrometry of dendrimers. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024. [PMID: 38504498 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) has become an essential technique to characterize dendrimers as it proved efficient at tackling analytical challenges raised by their peculiar onion-like structure. Owing to their chemical diversity, this review covers benefits of MS methods as a function of dendrimer classes, discussing advantages and limitations of ionization techniques, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) strategies to determine the structure of defective species, as well as most recently demonstrated capabilities of ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) in the field. Complementarily, the well-defined structure of these macromolecules offers major advantages in the development of MS-based method, as reported in a second section reviewing uses of dendrimers as MS and IMS calibration standards and as multifunctional charge inversion reagents in gas phase ion/ion reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- McKenna J Redding
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Scott M Grayson
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Laurence Charles
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Trhlíková O, Janata M, Walterová Z, Kanizsová L, Čadová E, Horský J. MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry detection of intramolecular composition gradient in copolymers. Talanta 2019; 195:215-220. [PMID: 30625534 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Since their addition to the polymer-architecture portfolio, gradient copolymers have attracted significant attention. Up to now, however, the existence of the intramolecular composition gradient must have been ascertained by sampling during living copolymerization because a reliable method for the detection of the composition gradient in the finalized copolymer had not been established yet. Here we show that MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry not only identifies imperfect, i.e. prematurely terminated copolymers but these copolymers can be used as "time capsules" which provide information on composition evolution and the intramolecular composition gradient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Trhlíková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Janata
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Walterová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lívia Kanizsová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Čadová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Horský
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cuřínová P, Krupková A, Červenková Šťastná L, Müllerová M, Čermák J, Strašák T. ESI-TOF mass spectrometry of cationic carbosilane dendrimers: A potent tool for characterization of structural defects. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2018; 53:986-996. [PMID: 30019544 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Macromolecular polyelectrolytes are gaining considerable attention for the application in medicine that implies their detailed characterization. We have successfully applied electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS) to the analysis of defects in the structure of three generations of polycationic carbosilane dendrimers bearing series of quarternary phosphonium groups at their periphery. Besides expected defects caused by incomplete conversion of particular reaction steps during the synthesis of dendritic scaffold and subsequent peripheral functionalization, also, several products of side reactions were observed together with defects created in the course of measurement (particularly ion exchange products). Defective molecules can be to some extent separated by means of gel permeation chromatography that proves that they are not products of in source fragmentation processes. Within the reaction sequence used for the synthesis of dendrimers under study, hydrosilylation was the source of most defects; the effectivity of quarternization depends on the type of phosphine. Results confirm high sensitivity of ESI MS towards defects, stability of the carbosilane skeleton towards fragmentation under the conditions of ESI ionization, and capability to detect both lower- and higher-molecular weight impurities arising from the synthetic sequence in the same m/z range as the target dendrimer, thus providing valuable view of the polydispersity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Cuřínová
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Krupková
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | | | - Monika Müllerová
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Čermák
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, University of J.E. Purkyně, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Strašák
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Serkova ES, Krasnova IY, Milenin SA, Selezneva EV, Tatarinova EA, Boldyrev KL, Korlyukov AA, Zubavichus YV, Buzin MI, Serenko OA, Shifrina ZB, Muzafarov AM. Core/shell hybrid dendrimers: Controllable rigidity determines molecular behaviour. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
5
|
Strašák T, Malý J, Wróbel D, Malý M, Herma R, Čermák J, Müllerová M, Št′astná LČ, Cuřínová P. Phosphonium carbosilane dendrimers for biomedical applications – synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity evaluation. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra01845b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphonium carbosilane dendrimers could represent an alternative to ammonium ones in gene therapy applications with high potential of mitochondrial targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Strašák
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS
- CZ-165 02 Prague 6 - Suchdol
- Czech Republic
| | - Jan Malý
- Department of Biology
- J.E. Purkyně University
- 40096 Usti nad Labem
- Czech Republic
| | - Dominika Wróbel
- Department of Biology
- J.E. Purkyně University
- 40096 Usti nad Labem
- Czech Republic
| | - Marek Malý
- Department of Physics
- J. E. Purkyně University
- 40096 Usti nad Labem
- Czech Republic
| | - Regina Herma
- Department of Biology
- J.E. Purkyně University
- 40096 Usti nad Labem
- Czech Republic
| | - Jan Čermák
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS
- CZ-165 02 Prague 6 - Suchdol
- Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry
- J.E. Purkyně University
| | - Monika Müllerová
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS
- CZ-165 02 Prague 6 - Suchdol
- Czech Republic
| | | | - Petra Cuřínová
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS
- CZ-165 02 Prague 6 - Suchdol
- Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
|
7
|
Horský J, Walterová Z. Fingerprint Multiplicity in MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry of Copolymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.201300122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Horský
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Heyrovsky Sq. 2 162 06 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Walterová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Heyrovsky Sq. 2 162 06 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Smrčková P, Horský J, Šárka E, Koláček J, Netopilík M, Walterová Z, Kruliš Z, Synytsya A, Hrušková K. Hydrolysis of wheat B-starch and characterisation of acetylated maltodextrin. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 98:43-9. [PMID: 23987315 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Wheat B-starch was hydrolysed by α-amylase "Liquozyme supra" from Bacillus licheniformis at 90 °C and pH 7. After 2 h, the dextrose equivalent was 18; according to size exclusion chromatography, however, the hydrolysate contained not only dominant malto-oligosaccharides with the degree of polymerisation (DP)<10 but also more than 20% of components with DP higher than 40. The product was acetylated to a high degree as verified by FTIR and (1)H NMR (degree of substitution DS=3.1); nevertheless, detailed analysis of the MALDI-TOF mass spectra of the product showed that most of the malto-oligosaccharides molecules contained one or two residual hydroxyls. Size exclusion chromatography confirmed that the acetylated maltodextrin still contained a significant part with DP>40. This non-uniformity of acetylated maltodextrin, both with respect to DP and to DS, must be taken into account in the development of acetylated-maltodextrin applications such as use as plasticisers or compatibilisers in biodegradable composites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Smrčková
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Maire F, Coadou G, Cravello L, Lange CM. Traveling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry study of low generation polyamidoamine dendrimers. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2013; 24:238-248. [PMID: 23264148 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-012-0527-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We reported the use of ion mobility (IM) combined with mass spectrometry (MS) as an analytical tool to investigate low generation polyamidoanine (PAMAM) dendrimers. This analytical approach has been employed to separate ions of defective structures with different charge state but exactly the same m/z value. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) after IM separation allowed a comprehensive structural characterization of defective dendrimers. In addition, IM was used to evaluate the collision cross-sections of ions of perfect dendrimers. They showed a good correlation with calculated collision cross-sections obtained by the trajectory method (TM) and were also consistent with dimensions reported by other established analytical methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Maire
- Université de Rouen, IRCOF, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rebrov EA, Leshchiner ID, Muzafarov AM. Synthesis of Carbosilane Dendrimers with Variable Distance between Branching Nodes. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma300957d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. A. Rebrov
- Institute of Synthetic Polymeric
Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Profsoyuznaya Str., 70, Moscow, 117393, Russia
| | - I. D. Leshchiner
- Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, Moscow, 119992
Russia
| | - A. M. Muzafarov
- Institute of Synthetic Polymeric
Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Profsoyuznaya Str., 70, Moscow, 117393, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Krupková A, Čermák J, Walterová Z, Horský J. Structural Defects in Polyallylcarbosilane Dendrimers and Their Polyol Derivatives Characterized by NMR and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma100315w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
12
|
Preparation and Unequivocal Identification of Chromophores-Substituted Carbosilane Dendrimers up to 7thGenerations. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2009. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2009.30.4.873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
13
|
Mourtzis N, Paravatou M, Mavridis I, Roberts M, Yannakopoulou K. Synthesis, Characterization, and Remarkable Biological Properties of Cyclodextrins Bearing Guanidinoalkylamino and Aminoalkylamino Groups on Their Primary Side. Chemistry 2008; 14:4188-200. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200701650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
14
|
Nilsson C, Simpson N, Malkoch M, Johansson M, Malmström E. Synthesis and thiol-ene photopolymerization of allyl-ether functionalized dendrimers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|