1
|
Zhang A, Fang J, Li X, Wang J, Chen M, Chen HJ, He G, Xie X. Cellular nanointerface of vertical nanostructure arrays and its applications. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:1844-1867. [PMID: 36133409 PMCID: PMC9419580 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00775k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Vertically standing nanostructures with various morphologies have been developed with the emergence of the micro-/nanofabrication technology. When cells are cultured on them, various bio-nano interfaces between cells and vertical nanostructures would impact the cellular activities, depending on the shape, density, and height of nanostructures. Many cellular pathway activation processes involving a series of intracellular molecules (proteins, RNA, DNA, enzymes, etc.) would be triggered by the cell morphological changes induced by nanostructures, affecting the cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, immune activation, cell adhesion, cell migration, and other behaviors. In addition, the highly localized cellular nanointerface enhances coupled stimulation on cells. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of the cellular nanointerface can not only provide innovative tools for regulating specific cell functions but also offers new aspects to understand the fundamental cellular activities that could facilitate the precise monitoring and treatment of diseases in the future. This review mainly describes the fabrication technology of vertical nanostructures, analyzing the formation of cellular nanointerfaces and the effects of cellular nanointerfaces on cells' fates and functions. At last, the applications of cellular nanointerfaces based on various nanostructures are summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong Province China
| | - Jiaru Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong Province China
| | - Xiangling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong Province China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Ji Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510080 China
| | - Meiwan Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Taipa Macau SAR China
| | - Hui-Jiuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong Province China
| | - Gen He
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong Province China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou 511436 P. R. China
| | - Xi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong Province China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510080 China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xiao F, Zhou H, Lin H, Li H, Zou T, Wu Y, Guo Z. A fast scan cyclic voltammetric digital circuit with precise ohmic drop compensation by online measuring solution resistance and its biosensing application. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1175:338744. [PMID: 34330443 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a novel fast scan digital circuit for voltammetric analysis with precious ohmic drop compensation is developed, which is achieved through online measuring solution resistance first and then proportionally feedbacking the output signal to potentiostat's in-phase input through a potentiometer. It mainly consists of a solution resistance measurement module based on AD5933 chip, an ohmic drop automatic compensation module and a STM32F103ZET6 microcontroller. The performance of the circuit is checked successively using pure resistances, RC dummy cells, RC dummy cells incorporating a pseudo-faradaic component, and the ferrocene redox system. Results show that, precise ohmic drop compensation can be realized online and automatically, affording fast scan cyclic voltammetric (FSCV) analysis for theoretical electrochemical cells at 2000 V/s and that for practical electrochemical system using conventional electrodes at 1600 V/s. Based on this circuit, a very simple DNA biosensor for ultrasensitive detection of mercuric ions was explored. Benefitting from the high sensitivity brought by the high scan rate, the limit of quantitation (LOQ) can reach 1 pmol/L, demonstrating the application potential of FSCV in the field of ultrasensitive electrochemical detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengming Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Huiqian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Han Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Hongze Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Tinglang Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Yangbo Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China.
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
A gold coated polystyrene ring microarray formed by two-step patterning: construction of an advanced microelectrode for voltammetric sensing. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:349. [PMID: 31093739 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3461-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A two-step patterning process was developed based on nanosphere lithography and plasma etching to fabricate an array of electrodes with two different gold ring structures: the arrays of Au micro-ring electrode (Au-MRE) and Au covered with polystyrene micro-ring electrode (Au-PS-MRE). The Au-MRE structure was fabricated by etching a monolayer of polystyrene (PS) spheres on indium tin oxide (ITO) surface to generate PS rings on ITO glass. PS rings served as a mask in secondary etching for blocking an interaction of oxygen plasma and ITO surface to create a ring-patterned ITO surface. Then, the PS residue was removed and gold was deposited. The site-selective electrodeposition of gold was carried out and an array of a gold ring structure was formed on the ITO glass. The Au-PS-MRE structure was fabricated by keeping the PS residue from second etching before deposition of gold. The Au-PS-MRE microelectrode was studied by using hexacyanoferrate as an electrochemical probe where it displayed steady state current in cyclic voltammetry. The respective calibration plots were acquired at a working potential of 0.31 V and 0.12 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) for oxidation and reduction reaction, respectively. The sensitivity is as high as 163.4-220.7 μA·mM-1·mm-2 which is larger by a factor of 95-132 compared to a conventional gold film macroelectrode. The detection limit (at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3) is 2.2 μM. This approach thus yields relatively effective and low-cost fabrication without resorting to high resolution instruments. Conceivably, the technique may be used to produce microelectrode arrays on a large scale. Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of a novel fabrication process of micro-ring electrode arrays. Two-step patterning based on nanosphere lithography leads to electrodes with great electrochemical performance. Direct deposition metal in the presence of polystyrene (PS) mask induces the formation of a new structure with arrays of gold covered with PS microring on the indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass. The microelectrode-like behavior has been achieved using this fabrication process.
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao H, Ye D, Mao X, Li F, Xu J, Li M, Zuo X. Stepping gating of ion channels on nanoelectrode via DNA hybridization for label-free DNA detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 133:141-146. [PMID: 30925363 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Natural ion channels on cell membrane can gate the transport of ions and molecules by the conformational alteration of transmembrane proteins to regulate the normal physiological activities of cells. Inspired by the similarity of the conformation change under specific stimuli, here we introduce an ion channel gating model on a single nanoelectrode by anchoring DNA-gated switches on the very nanotip of gold nanoelectrode to mimic the response-to-stimulus behaviors of ion channels on bio-membranes. The surface-tethered DNA ion channels can be switched on by the Watson-Crick base pairing, which can alter the conformation of the tethered DNA from lying state to upright state. And these conformational alterations of the anchored DNA switches can effectively gate the transport of potassium ferricyanide onto the electrode interface. By continuously initiating the gates with DNA of different concentrations, we achieved the stepping gating of ion channels on a single nanoelectrode. Further, we demonstrated that the ion gating system on nanoelectrode showed excellent sensing performance. For example, the response kinetic was very fast with the signal saturation time of ~1 min, the reproducibility of the OFF/ON switch was robust enough to sustain for two cycles, and simultaneously, the specificity was high enough to distinguish complementary DNA and noncomplementary DNA. When used for label-free DNA detection, the limit of detection can be as low as 10 pM. This study provides a promising avenue to achieve label free and real-time detection of multiple biomolecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haipei Zhao
- NEST Lab, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Division of Physical Biology & Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Dekai Ye
- Division of Physical Biology & Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Xiuhai Mao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Fan Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jiaqiang Xu
- NEST Lab, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Min Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Xiaolei Zuo
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Johnson JA, Hobbs CN, Wightman RM. Removal of Differential Capacitive Interferences in Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry. Anal Chem 2017; 89:6166-6174. [PMID: 28488873 PMCID: PMC5685151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Due to its high spatiotemporal resolution, fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) at carbon-fiber microelectrodes enables the localized in vivo monitoring of subsecond fluctuations in electroactive neurotransmitter concentrations. In practice, resolution of the analytical signal relies on digital background subtraction for removal of the large current due to charging of the electrical double layer as well as surface faradaic reactions. However, fluctuations in this background current often occur with changes in the electrode state or ionic environment, leading to nonspecific contributions to the FSCV data that confound data analysis. Here, we both explore the origin of such shifts seen with local changes in cations and develop a model to account for their shape. Further, we describe a convolution-based method for removal of the differential capacitive contributions to the FSCV current. The method relies on the use of a small-amplitude pulse made prior to the FSCV sweep that probes the impedance of the system. To predict the nonfaradaic current response to the voltammetric sweep, the step current response is differentiated to provide an estimate of the system's impulse response function and is used to convolute the applied waveform. The generated prediction is then subtracted from the observed current to the voltammetric sweep, removing artifacts associated with electrode impedance changes. The technique is demonstrated to remove select contributions from capacitive characteristics changes of the electrode both in vitro (i.e., in flow-injection analysis) and in vivo (i.e., during a spreading depression event in an anesthetized rat).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Neuroscience Center and Neurobiology Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Caddy N Hobbs
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Neuroscience Center and Neurobiology Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - R Mark Wightman
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Neuroscience Center and Neurobiology Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang M, Orwar O, Olofsson J, Weber SG. Single-cell electroporation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 397:3235-48. [PMID: 20496058 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3744-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2010] [Revised: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell electroporation (SCEP) is a relatively new technique that has emerged in the last decade or so for single-cell studies. When a large enough electric field is applied to a single cell, transient nano-pores form in the cell membrane allowing molecules to be transported into and out of the cell. Unlike bulk electroporation, in which a homogenous electric field is applied to a suspension of cells, in SCEP an electric field is created locally near a single cell. Today, single-cell-level studies are at the frontier of biochemical research, and SCEP is a promising tool in such studies. In this review, we discuss pore formation based on theoretical and experimental approaches. Current SCEP techniques using microelectrodes, micropipettes, electrolyte-filled capillaries, and microfabricated devices are all thoroughly discussed for adherent and suspended cells. SCEP has been applied in in-vivo and in-vitro studies for delivery of cell-impermeant molecules such as drugs, DNA, and siRNA, and for morphological observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manyan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|