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Venter AR. Protein analysis by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024. [PMID: 39056172 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
This review presents progress made in the ambient analysis of proteins, in particular by desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (DESI-MS). Related ambient ionization techniques are discussed in comparison to DESI-MS only to illustrate the larger context of protein analysis by ambient ionization mass spectrometry. The review describes early and current approaches for the analysis of undigested proteins, native proteins, tryptic digests, and indirect protein determination through reporter molecules. Applications to mass spectrometry imaging for protein spatial distributions, the identification of posttranslational modifications, determination of binding stoichiometries, and enzymatic transformations are discussed. The analytical capabilities of other ambient ionization techniques such as LESA and nano-DESI currently exceed those of DESI-MS for in situ surface sampling of intact proteins from tissues. This review shows, however, that despite its many limitations, DESI-MS is making valuable contributions to protein analysis. The challenges in sensitivity, spatial resolution, and mass range are surmountable obstacles and further development and improvements to DESI-MS is justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre R Venter
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
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2
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Javanshad R, Taylor CJ, Delavari N, Barkman TJ, Stull F, Venter AR. Analysis of histidine-tagged recombinant proteins from nickel and copper coated surfaces by direct electrospray ionization and desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2023; 37 Suppl 1:e9516. [PMID: 37013403 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Purification of recombinant proteins is a necessary step for functional or structural studies and other applications. Immobilized metal affinity chromatography is a common recombinant protein purification method. Mass spectrometry (MS) allows for confirmation of identity of expressed proteins and unambiguous detection of enzymatic substrates and reaction products. We demonstrate the detection of enzymes purified on immobilized metal affinity surfaces by direct or ambient ionization MS, and follow their enzymatic reactions by direct electrospray ionization (ESI) or desorption electrospray ionization (DESI). METHODS A protein standard, His-Ubq, and two recombinant proteins, His-SHAN and His-CS, expressed in Escherichia coli were immobilized on two immobilized metal affinity systems, Cu-nitriloacetic acid (Cu-NTA) and Ni-NTA. The proteins were purified on surface, and released in the ESI spray solvent for direct infusion, when using the 96-well plate form factor, or analyzed directly from immobilized metal affinity-coated microscope slides by DESI-MS. Enzyme activity was followed by incubating the substrates in wells or by depositing substrate on immobilized protein on coated slides for analysis. RESULTS Small proteins (His-Ubq) and medium proteins (His-SAHN) could readily be detected from 96-well plates by direct infusion ESI, or from microscope slides by DESI-MS after purification on surface from clarified E. coli cell lysate. Protein oxidation was observed for immobilized proteins on both Cu-NTA and Ni-NTA; however, this did not hamper the enzymatic reactions of these proteins. Both the nucleosidase reaction products for His-SAHN and the methylation product of His-CS (theobromine to caffeine) were detected. CONCLUSIONS The immobilization, purification, release and detection of His-tagged recombinant proteins using immobilized metal affinity surfaces for direct infusion ESI-MS or ambient DESI-MS analyses were successfully demonstrated. Recombinant proteins were purified to allow identification directly out of clarified cell lysate. Biological activities of the recombinant proteins were preserved allowing the investigation of enzymatic activity via MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Javanshad
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | | | - Niusha Delavari
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Todd J Barkman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Frederick Stull
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Andre R Venter
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
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Surface-sampling mass spectrometry to study proteins and protein complexes. Essays Biochem 2023; 67:229-241. [PMID: 36748325 PMCID: PMC10070487 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20220191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This review aims to summarise the current capabilities of surface mass spectrometry (MS) approaches that offer intact protein analysis, and that of non-covalent complexes. Protein analysis is largely achieved via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation (MALDI), which is in itself a surface analysis approach or solvent-based electrospray ionisation (ESI). Several surface sampling approaches have been developed based on ESI, and those that have been used for intact protein analysis will be discussed below. The extent of protein coverage, top-down elucidation, and probing of protein structure for native proteins and non-covalent complexes will be discussed for each approach. Strategies for improving protein analysis, ranging from sample preparation, and sampling methods to instrument modifications and the inclusion of ion mobility separation in the workflow will also be discussed. The relative benefits and drawbacks of each approach will be summarised, providing an overview of current capabilities.
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Pillai MS, Paritala ST, Shah RP, Sharma N, Sengupta P. Cutting-edge strategies and critical advancements in characterization and quantification of metabolites concerning translational metabolomics. Drug Metab Rev 2022; 54:401-426. [PMID: 36351878 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2022.2125987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite remarkable progress in drug discovery strategies, significant challenges are still remaining in translating new insights into clinical applications. Scientists are devising creative approaches to bridge the gap between scientific and translational research. Metabolomics is a unique field among other omics techniques for identifying novel metabolites and biomarkers. Fortunately, characterization and quantification of metabolites are becoming faster due to the progress in the field of orthogonal analytical techniques. This review detailed the advancement in the progress of sample preparation, and data processing techniques including data mining tools, database, and their quality control (QC). Advances in data processing tools make it easier to acquire unbiased data that includes a diverse set of metabolites. In addition, novel breakthroughs including, miniaturization as well as their integration with other devices, metabolite array technology, and crystalline sponge-based method have led to faster, more efficient, cost-effective, and holistic metabolomic analysis. The use of cutting-edge techniques to identify the human metabolite, including biomarkers has proven to be advantageous in terms of early disease identification, tracking the progression of illness, and possibility of personalized treatments. This review addressed the constraints of current metabolomics research, which are impeding the facilitation of translation of research from bench to bedside. Nevertheless, the possible way out from such constraints and future direction of translational metabolomics has been conferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Sajakumar Pillai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Sree Teja Paritala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Ravi P Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Nitish Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Pinaki Sengupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
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Pu F, Ugrin SA, Radosevich AJ, Chang-Yen D, Sawicki JW, Talaty NN, Elsen NL, Williams JD. High-Throughput Intact Protein Analysis for Drug Discovery Using Infrared Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2022; 94:13566-13574. [PMID: 36129783 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) is the primary analytical tool used to characterize proteins within the biopharmaceutical industry. Electrospray ionization (ESI) coupled to liquid chromatography (LC) is the current gold standard for intact protein analysis. However, inherent speed limitations of LC/MS prevent analysis of large sample numbers (>1000) in a day. Infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI-MS), an ambient ionization MS technology, has recently been established as a platform for high-throughput small molecule analysis. Here, we report the applications of such a system for the analysis of intact proteins commonly performed within the drug discovery process. A wide molecular weight range of proteins 10-150 kDa was detected on the system with improved tolerance to salts and buffers compared to ESI. With high concentrations and model proteins, a sample rate of up to 22 Hz was obtained. For proteins at low concentrations and in buffers used in commonly employed assays, robust data at a sample rate of 1.5 Hz were achieved, which is ∼22× faster than current technologies used for high-throughput ESI-MS-based protein assays. In addition, two multiplexed plate-based high-throughput sample cleanup methods were coupled to IR-MALDESI-MS to enable analysis of samples containing excessive amounts of salts and buffers without fully compromising productivity. Example experiments, which leverage the speed of the IR-MALDESI-MS system to monitor NISTmAb reduction, protein autophosphorylation, and compound binding kinetics in near real time, are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Pu
- AbbVie Inc, 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Scott A Ugrin
- AbbVie Inc, 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Andrew J Radosevich
- AbbVie Inc, 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - David Chang-Yen
- AbbVie Inc, 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - James W Sawicki
- AbbVie Inc, 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Nari N Talaty
- AbbVie Inc, 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Nathaniel L Elsen
- AbbVie Inc, 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Jon D Williams
- AbbVie Inc, 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
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Pathmasiri KC, Nguyen TTA, Khamidova N, Cologna SM. Mass spectrometry-based lipid analysis and imaging. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2021; 88:315-357. [PMID: 34862030 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a powerful tool for in situ mapping of analytes across a sample. With growing interest in lipid biochemistry, the ability to perform such mapping without antibodies has opened many opportunities for MSI and lipid analysis. Herein, we discuss the basics of MSI with particular emphasis on MALDI mass spectrometry and lipid analysis. A discussion of critical advancements as well as protocol details are provided to the reader. In addition, strategies for improving the detection of lipids, as well as applications in biomedical research, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koralege C Pathmasiri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Thu T A Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Nigina Khamidova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Stephanie M Cologna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Laboratory of Integrated Neuroscience, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
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Chiu KY, Wang Q, Gunawardena HP, Held M, Faik A, Chen H. Desalting Paper Spay Mass Spectrometry (DPS-MS) for Rapid Detection of Glycans and Glycoconjugates. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 469:116688. [PMID: 35386843 PMCID: PMC8981528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijms.2021.116688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The detection of glycans and glycoconjugates has gained increasing attention in biological fields. Traditional mass spectrometry (MS)-based methods for glycoconjugate analysis are challenged with poor intensity when dealing with complex biological samples. We developed a desalting paper spray mass spectrometry (DPS-MS) strategy to overcome the issue of signal suppression of carbohydrates in salted buffer. Glycans and glycoconjugates (i.e., glycopeptides, nucleotide sugars, etc.) in non-volatile buffer (e.g., Tris buffer) can be loaded on the paper substrate from which buffers can be removed by washing with ACN/H2O (90/10 v/v) solution. Glycans or glycoconjugates can then be eluted and spray ionized by adding ACN/H2O/formic acid (FA) (10/90/1 v/v/v) solvent and applying a high voltage (HV) to the paper substrate. This work also showed that DPS-MS is applicable for direct detection of intact glycopeptides and nucleotide sugars as well as determination of glycosylation profiling of antibody, such as NIST monoclonal antibody IgG (NISTmAb). NISTmAb was deglycosylated with PNGase F to release N-linked oligosaccharides. Twenty-six N-linked oligosaccharides were detected by DPS-MS within a 5-minute timeframe without the need for further enrichment or derivatization. This work demonstrates that DPS-MS allows fast and sensitive detection of glycans/oligosaccharides and glycosylated species in complex matrices and has great potential in bioanalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yuan Chiu
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA, 07102
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA, 07102
| | - Harsha P Gunawardena
- Janssen Research & Development, The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA, 19477
| | - Michael Held
- Deparment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
- Interdisciplinary Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio USA, 45701
| | - Ahmed Faik
- Interdisciplinary Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio USA, 45701
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens Ohio, USA, 45701
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA, 07102
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Javanshad R, Venter AR. Effects of amino acid additives on protein solubility - insights from desorption and direct electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Analyst 2021; 146:6592-6604. [PMID: 34586125 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01392k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring amino acids have been broadly used as additives to improve protein solubility and inhibit aggregation. In this study, improvements in protein signal intensity obtained with the addition of L-serine, and structural analogs, to the desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) spray solvent were measured. The results were interpreted at the hand of proposed mechanisms of solution additive effects on protein solubility and dissolution. DESI-MS allows for these processes to be studied efficiently using dilute concentrations of additives and small amounts of proteins, advantages that represent real benefits compared to classical methods of studying protein stability and aggregation. We show that serine significantly increases the protein signal in DESI-MS when native proteins are undergoing unfolding during the dissolution process with an acidic solvent system (p-value = 0.0001), or with ammonium bicarbonate under denaturing conditions for proteins with high isoelectric points (p-value = 0.001). We establish that a similar increase in the protein signal cannot be observed with direct ESI-MS, and the observed increase is therefore not related to ionization processes or changes in the physical properties of the bulk solution. The importance of the presence of serine during protein conformational changes while undergoing dissolution is demonstrated through comparisons between the analyses of proteins deposited in native or unfolded states and by using native state-preserving and denaturing desorption solvents. We hypothesize that direct, non-covalent interactions involving all three functional groups of serine are involved in the beneficial effect on protein solubility and dissolution. Supporting evidence for a direct interaction include a reduction in efficacy with D-serine or the racemic mixture, indicating a non-bulk-solution physical property effect; insensitivity to the sample surface type or relative placement of serine addition; and a reduction in efficacy with any modifications to the serine structure, most notably the carboxyl functional group. An alternative hypothesis, also supported by some of our observations, could involve the role of serine clusters in the mechanism of solubility enhancement. Our study demonstrates the capability of DESI-MS together with complementary ESI-MS experiments as a novel tool for understanding protein solubility and dissolution and investigating the mechanism of action for solubility-enhancing additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Javanshad
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5413, USA.
| | - Andre R Venter
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5413, USA.
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Barlow RS, Fitzgerald AG, Hughes JM, McMillan KE, Moore SC, Sikes AL, Tobin AB, Watkins PJ. Rapid Evaporative Ionization Mass Spectrometry: A Review on Its Application to the Red Meat Industry with an Australian Context. Metabolites 2021; 11:171. [PMID: 33804276 PMCID: PMC8000567 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11030171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The red meat supply chain is a complex network transferring product from producers to consumers in a safe and secure way. There can be times when fragmentation can arise within the supply chain, which could be exploited. This risk needs reduction so that meat products enter the market with the desired attributes. Rapid Evaporative Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (REIMS) is a novel ambient mass spectrometry technique originally developed for rapid and accurate classification of biological tissue which is now being considered for use in a range of additional applications. It has subsequently shown promise for a range of food provenance, quality and safety applications with its ability to conduct ex vivo and in situ analysis. These are regarded as critical characteristics for technologies which can enable real-time decision making in meat processing plants and more broadly throughout the sector. This review presents an overview of the REIMS technology, and its application to the areas of provenance, quality and safety to the red meat industry, particularly in an Australian context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S. Barlow
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia; (A.G.F.); (J.M.H.); (K.E.M.); (A.L.S.); (A.B.T.)
| | - Adam G. Fitzgerald
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia; (A.G.F.); (J.M.H.); (K.E.M.); (A.L.S.); (A.B.T.)
| | - Joanne M. Hughes
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia; (A.G.F.); (J.M.H.); (K.E.M.); (A.L.S.); (A.B.T.)
| | - Kate E. McMillan
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia; (A.G.F.); (J.M.H.); (K.E.M.); (A.L.S.); (A.B.T.)
| | - Sean C. Moore
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia; (S.C.M.); (P.J.W.)
| | - Anita L. Sikes
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia; (A.G.F.); (J.M.H.); (K.E.M.); (A.L.S.); (A.B.T.)
| | - Aarti B. Tobin
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia; (A.G.F.); (J.M.H.); (K.E.M.); (A.L.S.); (A.B.T.)
| | - Peter J. Watkins
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia; (S.C.M.); (P.J.W.)
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Yan B, Bunch J. Probing Folded Proteins and Intact Protein Complexes by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:690-699. [PMID: 33605725 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Native mass spectrometry (MS) enables the study of intact proteins as well as noncovalent protein-protein and protein-ligand complexes in their biological state. In this work, we present the application of a Waters desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) source with a prototype spray emitter for rapid surface measurements of folded and native protein structures. A comparison of DESI spray solvent shows that adding 50% methanol to 200 mM ammonium acetate solution does not reduce its performance in preserving folded protein structures. Instead, improved signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio is obtained, and less adducted peaks are detected by using this uncommon native MS solvent system. The standard DESI design with an inlet tube allows optimization of sampling temperature conditions to improve desolvation and therefore S/N ratio. Furthermore, tuning the inlet temperature enables the control and study of unfolding behavior of proteins from surface samples. The optimized condition for native DESI has been applied to several selected proteins and protein complexes with the molecular weight ranging from 8.6 to 66.4 kDa. Ions of folded proteins with narrow charge state distribution (CSD), or peaks showing noncovalent-bond-assembled intact protein complexes, are observed in the spectra. Evidence for the structural refolding of denatured proteins and protein complexes sampled with native solvent highlights the need for care when interpreting DESI native MS data, particularly for proteins with stable native structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yan
- National Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry Imaging, National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, U.K
| | - Josephine Bunch
- National Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry Imaging, National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, U.K
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0FA, U.K
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Maser TL, Honarvar E, Venter AR. Delayed Desorption Improves Protein Analysis by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:803-811. [PMID: 32157888 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.9b00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Protein analysis by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) is limited and often accompanied by a mass-dependent loss in sensitivity as protein molecular weight increases. Previously, incomplete dissolution was identified as a potential contributing factor to this limitation for larger proteins. Here, we developed a unique two-step configuration in which a prewetting solvent is applied to the sample surface proximal to DESI analysis by a wetting quill to increase dissolution time and the detection of larger proteins. After optimizing the system with a mixture of proteins containing cytochrome c, myoglobin, and chymotripsinogen, we demonstrate the ability of delayed desorption to improve the analysis of larger proteins such as bovine serum albumin. Albumin and other serum proteins, including even larger ones, were also detected directly from diluted goat serum. An additional feature of this technique is the ability to deliver multiple solvents with potential synergistic or cooperative effects. For example, when using acetonitrile solutions of formic acid and ammonium bicarbonate as the prewetting and DESI spray solvent, respectively, the intensity of chymotrypsinogen improved dramatically compared to controls but less so for smaller proteins such as myoglobin and cytochrome c. Adduct removal was also observed for all proteins. These early results demonstrate the ability of this two-step technique for the use of multiple additives and increased dissolution times compared to standard DESI-MS experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara L Maser
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008-5413, United States
| | - Elahe Honarvar
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008-5413, United States
| | - Andre R Venter
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008-5413, United States
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Javanshad R, Maser TL, Honarvar E, Venter AR. The Addition of Polar Organic Solvent Vapors During the Analysis of Proteins by DESI-MS. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:2571-2575. [PMID: 31758521 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02345-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of electrospray droplets to organic vapors was shown to dramatically reduce alkali-metal adduction on protein ions and shift protein charge states. Since DESI-MS is affected by similar adduct species as ESI-MS and shares similar ionization mechanisms, polar organic vapor additives should likewise also improve the DESI-MS analysis of proteins. Here the DESI spray was exposed to a variety of polar organic vapor additives. Head space vapors of polar organic solvents were entrained in nitrogen gas and delivered to the atmosphere inside a semi-enclosed plastic enclosure surrounding the spray plume. The vapors of acetone, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water were investigated. Vapor dependent effects were observed with respect to changes in protein charge state distributions and signal intensities. With ethyl acetate vapor addition, the signal intensities of all proteins investigated were significantly increased, including proteins larger than 25 kDa such as carbonic anhydrase II and bovine serum albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Javanshad
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008-5413, USA
| | - Tara L Maser
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008-5413, USA
| | - Elahe Honarvar
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008-5413, USA
| | - Andre R Venter
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008-5413, USA.
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GAO F, WANG XF, ZHANG B. Research and Application Progress of Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography in Separation of Proteins. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(19)61163-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Towers MW, Karancsi T, Jones EA, Pringle SD, Claude E. Optimised Desorption Electrospray Ionisation Mass Spectrometry Imaging (DESI-MSI) for the Analysis of Proteins/Peptides Directly from Tissue Sections on a Travelling Wave Ion Mobility Q-ToF. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 29:2456-2466. [PMID: 30168053 PMCID: PMC6276080 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-018-2049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Desorption electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) is typically known for the ionisation of small molecules such as lipids and metabolites, in singly charged form. Here we present a method that allows the direct detection of proteins and peptides in multiply charged forms directly from tissue sections by DESI. Utilising a heated mass spectrometer inlet capillary, combined with ion mobility separation (IMS), the conditions with regard to solvent composition, nebulising gas flow, and solvent flow rate have been explored and optimised. Without the use of ion mobility separation prior to mass spectrometry analysis, only the most abundant charge series were observed. In addition to the dominant haemoglobin subunit(s) related trend line in the m/z vs drift time (DT) 2D plot, trend lines were found relating to background solvent peaks, residual lipids and, more importantly, small proteins/large peptides of lower abundance. These small proteins/peptides were observed with charge states from 1+ to 12+, the majority of which could only be resolved from the background when using IMS. By extracting charge series from the 2D m/z vs DT plot, a number of proteins could be tentatively assigned by accurate mass. Tissue images were acquired with a pixel size of 150 μm showing a marked improvement in protein image resolution compared to other liquid-based ambient imaging techniques such as liquid extraction surface analysis (LESA) and continuous-flow liquid microjunction surface sampling probe (LMJ-SSP) imaging. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Towers
- Waters Corporation, Stamford Avenue, Altricham Road, Wilmslow, SK9 4AX, UK.
| | - Tamas Karancsi
- Waters Research Centre, Záhony utca., C ép., 1. Em., Budapest, 1031, Hungary
| | - Emrys A Jones
- Waters Corporation, Stamford Avenue, Altricham Road, Wilmslow, SK9 4AX, UK
| | - Steven D Pringle
- Waters Corporation, Stamford Avenue, Altricham Road, Wilmslow, SK9 4AX, UK
| | - Emmanuelle Claude
- Waters Corporation, Stamford Avenue, Altricham Road, Wilmslow, SK9 4AX, UK
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16
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Honarvar E, Venter AR. Comparing the Effects of Additives on Protein Analysis Between Desorption Electrospray (DESI) and Electrospray Ionization (ESI). JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 29:2443-2455. [PMID: 30232734 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-018-2058-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It is frequently said that DESI-MS follows a similar ionization mechanism as ESI because of similarities usually observed in their respective mass spectra. However, practical use of DESI-MS for protein analysis is limited to proteins with lower molecular weights (< 25 kDa) due to a mass-dependent loss in signal intensity. Here we investigated commonly used volatile acids and their ammonium salt buffers for DESI-MS analysis of protein. We noticed that, surprisingly, some additives influence the analysis differently in DESI compared to ESI. Improved signal intensities with both DESI and ESI were obtained when acetic and formic acid were added into aqueous methanol spray solvents with both DESI and ESI. On the other hand, while with ESI the addition of ammonium salts into spray solutions strongly reduced both signal and S/N, with DESI signal intensities and S/N were improved dramatically. Ammonium bicarbonate when used with DESI reduced the total amount of adduction and delivered excellent signal-to-noise ratios with high intensity; however, it also denatures protein. When native state protein mass spectra are preferred, ammonium acetate would also deliver reasonable adduct removal and improved S/N. The amount of total adduction of individual adducting species and of all species could not be correlated with differences in either solutions pH values or with proton affinities of the anions. An obvious difference between DESI and ESI mass spectrometry is the effects of protein solubility during droplet pickup (desorption), but differences in the sizes, velocities, and composition of ionizing droplets were also discussed as important factors. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Honarvar
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008-5413, USA
| | - Andre R Venter
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008-5413, USA.
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17
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Paing HW, Marcus RK. Investigation of hydrophobic substrates for solution residue analysis utilizing an ambient desorption liquid sampling-atmospheric pressure glow discharge microplasma. Analyst 2018; 143:1417-1425. [PMID: 29459925 DOI: 10.1039/c7an02075a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A practical method for preparation of solution residue samples for analysis utilizing the ambient desorption liquid sampling-atmospheric pressure glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (AD-LS-APGD-OES) microplasma is described. Initial efforts involving placement of solution aliquots in wells drilled into copper substrates, proved unsuccessful. A design-of-experiment (DOE) approach was carried out to determine influential factors during sample deposition including solution volume, solute concentration, number of droplets deposited, and the solution matrix. These various aspects are manifested in the mass of analyte deposited as well as the size/shape of the product residue. Statistical analysis demonstrated that only those initial attributes were significant factors towards the emission response of the analyte. Various approaches were investigated to better control the location/uniformity of the deposited sample. Three alternative substrates, a glass slide, a poly(tetrafluoro)ethylene (PTFE) sheet, and a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-coated glass slide, were evaluated towards the microplasma analytical performance. Co-deposition with simple organic dyes provided an accurate means of determining the location of the analyte with only minor influence on emission responses. The PDMS-coated glass provided the best performance by virtue of its providing a uniform spatial distribution of the residue material. This uniformity yielded an improved limits of detection by approximately 22× for 20 μL and 4 x for 2 μL over the other two substrates. While they operate by fundamentally different processes, this choice of substrate is not restricted to the LS-APGD, but may also be applicable to other AD methods such as DESI, DART, or LIBS. Further developments will be directed towards a field-deployable ambient desorption OES source for quantitative analysis of microvolume solution residues of nuclear forensics importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Htoo W Paing
- Department of Chemistry, Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA.
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18
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Kocurek KI, Griffiths RL, Cooper HJ. Ambient ionisation mass spectrometry for in situ analysis of intact proteins. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2018; 53:565-578. [PMID: 29607564 PMCID: PMC6001466 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Ambient surface mass spectrometry is an emerging field which shows great promise for the analysis of biomolecules directly from their biological substrate. In this article, we describe ambient ionisation mass spectrometry techniques for the in situ analysis of intact proteins. As a broad approach, the analysis of intact proteins offers unique advantages for the determination of primary sequence variations and posttranslational modifications, as well as interrogation of tertiary and quaternary structure and protein-protein/ligand interactions. In situ analysis of intact proteins offers the potential to couple these advantages with information relating to their biological environment, for example, their spatial distributions within healthy and diseased tissues. Here, we describe the techniques most commonly applied to in situ protein analysis (liquid extraction surface analysis, continuous flow liquid microjunction surface sampling, nano desorption electrospray ionisation, and desorption electrospray ionisation), their advantages, and limitations and describe their applications to date. We also discuss the incorporation of ion mobility spectrometry techniques (high field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry and travelling wave ion mobility spectrometry) into ambient workflows. Finally, future directions for the field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia I. Kocurek
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Rian L. Griffiths
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Helen J. Cooper
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
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19
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Garza KY, Feider CL, Klein DR, Rosenberg JA, Brodbelt JS, Eberlin LS. Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Proteins Directly from Biological Tissue Sections. Anal Chem 2018; 90:7785-7789. [PMID: 29800516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of large biomolecules including proteins has proven challenging using ambient ionization mass spectrometry imaging techniques. Here, we have successfully optimized desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) to detect intact proteins directly from tissue sections and further integrated DESI-MS to a high field asymmetric waveform ion mobility (FAIMS) device for protein imaging. Optimized DESI-FAIMS-MS parameters were used to image mouse kidney, mouse brain, and human ovarian and breast tissue samples, allowing detection of 11, 16, 14, and 16 proteoforms, respectively. Identification of protein species detected by DESI-MS was performed on-tissue by top-down ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) and collision induced dissociation (CID) as well as using tissue extracts by bottom-up CID and top-down UVPD. Our results demonstrate that DESI-MS imaging is suitable for the analysis of the distribution of proteins within biological tissue sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyana Y Garza
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Clara L Feider
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Dustin R Klein
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Jake A Rosenberg
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Jennifer S Brodbelt
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Livia S Eberlin
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
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20
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Hu B, Yao ZP. Detection of native proteins using solid-substrate electrospray ionization mass spectrometry with nonpolar solvents. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1004:51-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.11.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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Ambient surface mass spectrometry–ion mobility spectrometry of intact proteins. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2018; 42:67-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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22
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Wang Z, Zhu H, Huang G. Ion suppression effect in desorption electrospray ionization and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:1957-1962. [PMID: 28857292 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Although it is claimed that desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) causes less ion suppression effects than electrospray ionization (ESI), a related investigation with quantification measurement of ion suppression effects is absent. Herein, a comparative analysis of ion suppression effects between DESI and ESI was conducted, with the aiming of quantitatively studying the ion suppression effect. METHODS CTVA mixtures, a constant concentration of tioconazole with varied concentrations of atenolol, were analyzed by ESI and DESI. The ion suppression effect was characterized by the signal loss of tioconazole in the mixture compared to the signal intensity of tioconazole without interference (denoted as (Isingle - Imixture )/Isingle ). According to the variations in the experimental conditions (such as flow rate, solvent composition, substrate material, capillary inner diameter, sheath gas velocity), ion suppression effects in DESI and ESI were compared. RESULTS With the increasing flow rate, the ion suppression effect in DESI became weaker, while the opposite trend was obtained for ESI. As for capillary inner diameter, a smaller inner diameter resulted in weaker ion suppression effects in DESI and ESI. The solvent composition affected the ion suppression effect, and the PTFE substrate presented the weakest ion suppression effect among the five substrate materials. CONCLUSIONS Though the ion suppression effect in DESI and ESI was shown to relate to experimental conditions, DESI had less effect than ESI under the same experimental conditions in most cases. Moreover, DESI displayed stronger matrix-tolerant ability than ESI which is also attributed to the weaker ion suppression effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Haijing Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Guangming Huang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, China
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23
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Honarvar E, Venter AR. Ammonium Bicarbonate Addition Improves the Detection of Proteins by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:1109-1117. [PMID: 28315234 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1628-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of protein by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) is considered impractical due to a mass-dependent loss in sensitivity with increase in protein molecular weights. With the addition of ammonium bicarbonate to the DESI-MS analysis the sensitivity towards proteins by DESI was improved. The signal to noise ratio (S/N) improvement for a variety of proteins increased between 2- to 3-fold relative to solvent systems containing formic acid and more than seven times relative to aqueous methanol spray solvents. Three methods for ammonium bicarbonate addition during DESI-MS were investigated. The additive delivered improvements in S/N whether it was mixed with the analyte prior to sample deposition, applied over pre-prepared samples, or simply added to the desorption spray solvent. The improvement correlated well with protein pI but not with protein size. Other ammonium or bicarbonate salts did not produce similar improvements in S/N, nor was this improvement in S/N observed for ESI of the same samples. As was previously described for ESI, DESI also caused extensive protein unfolding upon the addition of ammonium bicarbonate. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Honarvar
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008-5413, USA
| | - Andre R Venter
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008-5413, USA.
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24
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Cheng S, Wu Q, Dewald HD, Chen H. Online Monitoring of Methanol Electro-Oxidation Reactions by Ambient Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:1005-1012. [PMID: 27562502 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1450-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Online detection of methanol electro-oxidation reaction products [e.g., formaldehyde (HCHO)] by mass spectrometry (MS) is challenging, owing to the high salt content and extreme pH of the electrolyte solution as well as the difficulty in ionizing the reaction products. Herein we present an online ambient mass spectrometric approach for analyzing HCHO generated from methanol electro-oxidation, taking the advantage of high salt tolerance of desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS). It was found that HCHO can be detected as PhNHNH+=CH2 (m/z 121) by DESI after online derivatization with PhNHNH2. With this approach, the analysis of HCHO from methanol electro-oxidation by MS was carried out not only in acidic condition but also in alkaline media for the first time. Efficiencies of different electrodes for methanol oxidation at different pHs were also evaluated. Our results show that Au electrode produces more HCHO than Pt-based electrodes at alkaline pH, while the latter have higher yields at acidic solution. The presented methodology would be of great value for elucidating fuel cell reaction mechanisms and for screening ideal fuel cell electrode materials. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Cheng
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Qiuhua Wu
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
- College of Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, China
| | - Howard D Dewald
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.
| | - Hao Chen
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.
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25
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Byliński H, Gębicki J, Dymerski T, Namieśnik J. Direct Analysis of Samples of Various Origin and Composition Using Specific Types of Mass Spectrometry. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2017; 47:340-358. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2017.1298986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Byliński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Gębicki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Dymerski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Namieśnik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
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26
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Yuill EM, Baker LA. Electrochemical Aspects of Mass Spectrometry: Atmospheric Pressure Ionization and Ambient Ionization for Bioanalysis. ChemElectroChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201600751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M. Yuill
- Department of Chemistry; Indiana University; 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington, Indiana 47405 USA
| | - Lane A. Baker
- Department of Chemistry; Indiana University; 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington, Indiana 47405 USA
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27
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Looi WD, Chamand L, Brown B, Brajter-Toth A. Role of Electrochemistry in Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry (LS DESI MS) of Aqueous Samples Containing Electrolyte Salts. Anal Chem 2016; 89:603-610. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Donq Looi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Laura Chamand
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Strasbourg, 1 Rue Blasie Pascal, 67008 Strasbourg, France
| | - Blake Brown
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Anna Brajter-Toth
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
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28
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Griffiths RL, Creese AJ, Race AM, Bunch J, Cooper HJ. LESA FAIMS Mass Spectrometry for the Spatial Profiling of Proteins from Tissue. Anal Chem 2016; 88:6758-66. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rian L. Griffiths
- School
of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Andrew J. Creese
- School
of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Alan M. Race
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, U.K
| | - Josephine Bunch
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, U.K
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Helen J. Cooper
- School
of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
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29
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Bodzon-Kulakowska A, Suder P. Imaging mass spectrometry: Instrumentation, applications, and combination with other visualization techniques. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2016; 35:147-69. [PMID: 25962625 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Imaging Mass Spectrometry (IMS) is strengthening its position as a valuable analytical tool. It has unique ability to identify structures and to unravel molecular changes that occur in the precisely defined part of the sample. These unique features open new possibilities in the field of various aspects of biological research. In this review we briefly discuss the main imaging mass spectrometry techniques, as well as the nature of biological samples and molecules, which might be analyzed by such methodology. Moreover, a novel approach, where different analytical techniques might be combined with the results of IMS study, is emphasized and discussed. With such a fast development of IMS and related methods, we can foresee the promising future of this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bodzon-Kulakowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, Faculty of Materials Sciences and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Suder
- Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, Faculty of Materials Sciences and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology (ACMiN), AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
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30
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Griffiths RL, Cooper HJ. Direct Tissue Profiling of Protein Complexes: Toward Native Mass Spectrometry Imaging. Anal Chem 2015; 88:606-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rian L. Griffiths
- School
of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Helen J. Cooper
- School
of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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31
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The role of direct high-resolution mass spectrometry in foodomics. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:6275-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8812-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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32
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Ding X, Duan Y. Plasma-based ambient mass spectrometry techniques: The current status and future prospective. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2015; 34:449-73. [PMID: 24338668 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plasma-based ambient mass spectrometry is emerging as a frontier technology for direct analysis of sample that employs low-energy plasma as the ionization reagent. The versatile sources of ambient mass spectrometry (MS) can be classified according to the plasma formation approaches; namely, corona discharge, glow discharge, dielectric barrier discharge, and microwave-induced discharge. These techniques allow pretreatment-free detection of samples, ranging from biological materials (e.g., flies, bacteria, plants, tissues, peptides, metabolites, and lipids) to pharmaceuticals, food-stuffs, polymers, chemical warfare reagents, and daily-use chemicals. In most cases, plasma-based ambient MS performs well as a qualitative tool and as an analyzer for semi-quantitation. Herein, we provide an overview of the key concepts, mechanisms, and applications of plasma-based ambient MS techniques, and discuss the challenges and outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelu Ding
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical Testing Center and College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yixiang Duan
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical Testing Center and College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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33
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Abstract
Developments in forensic mass spectrometry tend to follow, rather than lead, the developments in other disciplines. Examples of techniques having forensic potential born independently of forensic applications include ambient ionization, imaging mass spectrometry, isotope ratio mass spectrometry, portable mass spectrometers, and hyphenated chromatography-mass spectrometry instruments, to name a few. Forensic science has the potential to benefit enormously from developments that are funded by other means, if only the infrastructure and personnel existed to adopt, validate, and implement the new technologies into casework. Perhaps one unique area in which forensic science is at the cutting edge is in the area of chemometrics and the determination of likelihood ratios for the evaluation of the weight of evidence. Such statistical techniques have been developed most extensively for ignitable-liquid residue analyses and isotope ratio analysis. This review attempts to capture the trends, motivating forces, and likely impact of developing areas of forensic mass spectrometry, with the caveat that none of this research is likely to have any real impact in the forensic community unless: (a) The instruments developed are turned into robust black boxes with red and green lights for positives and negatives, respectively, or (b) there are PhD graduates in the workforce who can help adopt these sophisticated techniques.
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34
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Calligaris D, Feldman DR, Norton I, Brastianos PK, Dunn IF, Santagata S, Agar NYR. Molecular typing of Meningiomas by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging for Surgical Decision-Making. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY 2015; 377:690-698. [PMID: 25844057 PMCID: PMC4379512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijms.2014.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Meningiomas are the most frequent intracranial tumors. The majority is benign slow-growing tumors but they can be difficult to treat depending on their location and size. While meningiomas are well delineated on magnetic resonance imaging by their uptake of contrast, surgical limitations still present themselves from not knowing the extent of invasion of the dura matter by meningioma cells. The development of tools to characterize tumor tissue in real or near real time could prevent recurrence after tumor resection by allowing for more precise surgery, i.e. removal of tumor with preservation of healthy tissue. The development of ambient ionization mass spectrometry for molecular characterization of tissue and its implementation in the surgical decision-making workflow carry the potential to fulfill this need. Here, we present the characterization of meningioma and dura mater by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry to validate the technique for the molecular assessment of surgical margins and diagnosis of meningioma from surgical tissue in real-time. Nine stereotactically resected surgical samples and three autopsy samples were analyzed by standard histopathology and mass spectrometry imaging. All samples indicated a strong correlation between results from both techniques. We then highlight the value of desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for the molecular subtyping/subgrouping of meningiomas from a series of forty genetically characterized specimens. The minimal sample preparation required for desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry offers a distinct advantage for applications relying on real-time information such as surgical decision-making. The technology here was tested to distinguish meningioma from dura mater as an approach to precisely define surgical margins. In addition we classify meningiomas into fibroblastic and meningothelial subtypes and more notably recognize meningiomas with NF2 genetic aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Calligaris
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Daniel R. Feldman
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115
| | - Isaiah Norton
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Priscilla K. Brastianos
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115
| | - Ian F. Dunn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Sandro Santagata
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115
| | - Nathalie Y. R. Agar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115
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35
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Direct analysis of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on concrete by reactive-desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Talanta 2015; 132:877-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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36
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Ferreira CR, Jarmusch AK, Pirro V, Alfaro CM, González-Serrano AF, Niemann H, Wheeler MB, Rabel RAC, Hallett JE, Houser R, Kaufman A, Cooks RG. Ambient ionisation mass spectrometry for lipid profiling and structural analysis of mammalian oocytes, preimplantation embryos and stem cells. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015; 27:621-37. [DOI: 10.1071/rd14310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids play fundamental roles in mammalian embryo preimplantation development and cell fate. Triacylglycerol accumulates in oocytes and blastomeres as lipid droplets, phospholipids influence membrane functional properties, and essential fatty acid metabolism is important for maintaining the stemness of cells cultured in vitro. The growing impact that lipids have in the field of developmental biology makes analytical approaches to analyse structural information of great interest. This paper describes the concept and presents the results of lipid profiling by mass spectrometry (MS) of oocytes and preimplantation embryos, with special focus on ambient ionisation. Based on our previous experience with oocytes and embryos, we aim to convey that ambient MS is also valuable for stem cell differentiation analysis. Ambient ionisation MS allows the detection of a wide range of lipid classes (e.g. free fatty acids, cholesterol esters, phospholipids) in single oocytes, embryos and cell pellets, which are informative of in vitro culture impact, developmental and differentiation stages. Background on MS principles, the importance of underused MS scan modes for structural analysis of lipids, and statistical approaches used for data analysis are covered. We envisage that MS alone or in combination with other techniques will have a profound impact on the understanding of lipid metabolism, particularly in early embryo development and cell differentiation research.
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37
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Yao Y, Shams-Ud-Doha K, Daneshfar R, Kitova EN, Klassen JS. Quantifying protein-carbohydrate interactions using liquid sample desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2015; 26:98-106. [PMID: 25315460 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-014-1008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The application of liquid sample desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (liquid sample DESI-MS) for quantifying protein-carbohydrate interactions in vitro is described. Association constants for the interactions between lysozyme and β-D-GlcNAc-(1 → 4)-β-D-GlcNAc-(1 → 4)-D-GlcNAc and β-D-GlcNAc-(1 → 4)-β-D-GlcNAc-(1 → 4)-β-D-GlcNAc-(1 → 4)-D-GlcNAc, and between a single chain antibody and α-D-Galp-(1 → 2)-[α-D-Abep-(1 → 3)]-α-D-Manp-OCH3 and β-D-Glcp-(1 → 2)-[α-D-Abep-(1 → 3)]-α-D-Manp-OCH3 measured using liquid sample DESI-MS were found to be in good agreement with values measured by isothermal titration calorimetry and the direct ESI-MS assay. The reference protein method, which was originally developed to correct ESI mass spectra for the occurrence of nonspecific ligand-protein binding, was shown to reliably correct liquid sample DESI mass spectra for nonspecific binding. The suitability of liquid sample DESI-MS for quantitative binding measurements carried out using solutions containing high concentrations of the nonvolatile biological buffer phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was also explored. Binding of lysozyme to β-D-GlcNAc-(1 → 4)-β-D-GlcNAc-(1 → 4)-D-GlcNAc in aqueous solutions containing up to 1× PBS was successfully monitored using liquid sample DESI-MS; with ESI-MS the binding measurements were limited to concentrations less than 0.02 X PBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Yao
- Alberta Glycomics Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2, Canada
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38
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Bennett RV, Fernández FM. Desorption electrospray ionization imaging of small organics on mineral surfaces. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1203:79-89. [PMID: 25361668 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1357-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI)-mass spectrometry facilitates the ambient chemical analysis of a variety of surfaces. Here we describe the protocol for using DESI imaging to measure the distributions of small prebiotically relevant molecules on granite surfaces. Granites that contain a variety of juxtaposed mineral species were reacted with formamide in order to study the role of local mineral environment on the production of purines and pyrimidines. The mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) methods described here can also be applied to the surface analysis of rock samples involved in other applications such as petroleum or environmental chemistries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel V Bennett
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Dr NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
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39
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Montowska M, Rao W, Alexander MR, Tucker GA, Barrett DA. Tryptic digestion coupled with ambient desorption electrospray ionization and liquid extraction surface analysis mass spectrometry enabling identification of skeletal muscle proteins in mixtures and distinguishing between beef, pork, horse, chicken, and turkey meat. Anal Chem 2014; 86:4479-87. [PMID: 24673366 DOI: 10.1021/ac5003432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of ambient desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) and liquid extraction surface analysis mass spectrometry (LESA-MS) is explored for the first time to analyze skeletal muscle proteins obtained from a mixture of standard proteins and raw meat. Single proteins and mixtures of up to five proteins (myoglobin, troponin C, actin, bovine serum albumin (BSA), tropomyosin) were deposited onto a polymer surface, followed by in situ tryptic digestion and comparative analysis using DESI-MS and LESA-MS using tandem electrospray MS. Peptide peaks specific to individual proteins were readily distinguishable with good signal-to-noise ratio in the five-component mixture. LESA-MS gave a more stable analysis and greater sensitivity compared with DESI-MS. Meat tryptic digests were subjected to peptidomics analysis by DESI-MS and LESA-MS. Bovine, horse, pig, chicken, and turkey muscle digests were clearly discriminated using multivariate data analysis (MVA) of the peptidomic data sets. The most abundant skeletal muscle proteins were identified and correctly classified according to the species following MS/MS analysis. The study shows, for the first time, that ambient ionization techniques such as DESI-MS and LESA-MS have great potential for species-specific analysis and differentiation of skeletal muscle proteins by direct surface desorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Montowska
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham , University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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40
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Liu P, Forni A, Chen H. Development of Solvent-Free Ambient Mass Spectrometry for Green Chemistry Applications. Anal Chem 2014; 86:4024-32. [DOI: 10.1021/ac500527q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengyuan Liu
- Center for Intelligent Chemical
Instrumentation, †Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Edison Biotechnology
Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Amanda Forni
- Center for Intelligent Chemical
Instrumentation, †Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Edison Biotechnology
Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Hao Chen
- Center for Intelligent Chemical
Instrumentation, †Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Edison Biotechnology
Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
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41
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Culzoni MJ, Dwivedi P, Green MD, Newton PN, Fernández FM. Ambient mass spectrometry technologies for the detection of falsified drugs. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md00235g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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42
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Liu P, Zhang J, Ferguson CN, Chen H, Loo JA. Measuring protein-ligand interactions using liquid sample desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2013; 85:11966-72. [PMID: 24237005 PMCID: PMC3901310 DOI: 10.1021/ac402906d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that liquid sample desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) is able to measure large proteins and noncovalently bound protein complexes (to 150 kDa) (Ferguson et al., Anal. Chem. 2011, 83, 6468-6473). In this study, we further investigate the application of liquid sample DESI-MS to probe protein-ligand interactions. Liquid sample DESI allows the direct formation of intact protein-ligand complex ions by spraying ligands toward separate protein sample solutions. This type of "reactive" DESI methodology can provide rapid information on binding stiochiometry, selectivity, and kinetics, as demonstrated by the binding of ribonuclease A (RNaseA, 13.7 kDa) with cytidine nucleotide ligands and the binding of lysozyme (14.3 kDa) with acetyl chitose ligands. A higher throughput method for ligand screening by liquid sample DESI was demonstrated, in which different ligands were sequentially injected as a segmented flow for DESI ionization. Furthermore, supercharging to enhance analyte charge can be integrated with liquid sample DESI-MS, without interfering with the formation of protein-ligand complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Jiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Carly N. Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Hao Chen
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Joseph A. Loo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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43
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Rao W, Celiz AD, Scurr DJ, Alexander MR, Barrett DA. Ambient DESI and LESA-MS analysis of proteins adsorbed to a biomaterial surface using in-situ surface tryptic digestion. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2013; 24:1927-36. [PMID: 24048891 PMCID: PMC3837234 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-013-0737-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The detection and identification of proteins adsorbed onto biomaterial surfaces under ambient conditions has significant experimental advantages but has proven to be difficult to achieve with conventional measuring technologies. In this study, we present an adaptation of desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) and liquid extraction surface analysis (LESA) mass spectrometry (MS) coupled with in-situ surface tryptic digestion to identify protein species from a biomaterial surface. Cytochrome c, myoglobin, and BSA in a combination of single and mixture spots were printed in an array format onto Permanox slides, followed by in-situ surface digestion and detection via MS. Automated tandem MS performed on surface peptides was able to identify the proteins via MASCOT. Limits of detection were determined for DESI-MS and a comparison of DESI and LESA-MS peptide spectra characteristics and sensitivity was made. DESI-MS images of the arrays were produced and analyzed with imaging multivariate analysis to automatically separate peptide peaks for each of the proteins within a mixture into distinct components. This is the first time that DESI and LESA-MS have been used for the in-situ detection of surface digested proteins on biomaterial surfaces and presents a promising proof of concept for the use of ambient MS in the rapid and automated analysis of surface proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Rao
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - Adam D. Celiz
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - David J. Scurr
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - Morgan R. Alexander
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - David A. Barrett
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
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44
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Lam RSH, Nickerson MT. The Effect of pH and Heat Pre-Treatments on the Physicochemical and Emulsifying Properties of β-lactoglobulin. FOOD BIOPHYS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11483-013-9313-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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45
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Douglass KA, Venter AR. Protein analysis by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and related methods. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2013; 48:553-60. [PMID: 23674280 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) requires little to no sample preparation and has been successfully applied to the study of biologically significant macromolecules such as proteins. However, DESI-MS and other ambient methods that use spray desorption to process samples during ionization appear limited to smaller proteins with molecular masses of 25 kDa or less, and a decreasing instrumental response with increasing protein size has often been reported. It has been proposed that this limit results from the inability of some proteins to easily desorb from the surface during DESI sampling. The present study investigates the apparent mass dependence of the instrumental response observed during the DESI-MS analysis of proteins using spray desorption collection and reflective electrospray ionization. Proteins, as large as 66 kDa, are shown to be quantitatively removed from surfaces by using spray desorption collection. However, incomplete dissolution and the formation of protein-protein and protein-contaminant clusters appear to be responsible for the mass-dependent loss in sensitivity for protein analysis. Alternative ambient mass spectrometry approaches that address some of the problems encountered by spray desorption techniques for protein analysis are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Aart Douglass
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008-5413, USA
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46
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Liu P, Lu M, Zheng Q, Zhang Y, Dewald HD, Chen H. Recent advances of electrochemical mass spectrometry. Analyst 2013; 138:5519-39. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an00709j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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47
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Shrestha B, Javonillo R, Burns JR, Pirger Z, Vertes A. Comparative local analysis of metabolites, lipids and proteins in intact fish tissues by LAESI mass spectrometry. Analyst 2013; 138:3444-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an00631j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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48
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Douglass KA, Jain S, Brandt WR, Venter AR. Deconstructing desorption electrospray ionization: independent optimization of desorption and ionization by spray desorption collection. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2012; 23:1896-1902. [PMID: 22907171 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-012-0468-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Spray desorption collection (SDC) and reflective electrospray ionization (RESI) were used to independently study the desorption and ionization processes that together comprise desorption electrospray ionization (DESI). Both processes depend on several instrumental parameters, including the nebulizing gas flow rate, applied potential, and source geometries. Each of these parameters was optimized for desorption, as represented by the results obtained by SDC, and ionization, as represented by the results obtained by RESI. The optimized conditions were then compared to the optimization results for DESI. Our results confirm that optimal conditions for desorption and ionization are different and that in some cases the optimized DESI conditions are a compromise between both sets. The respective results for DESI, RESI, and SDC for each parameter were compared across the methods to draw conclusions about the contribution of each parameter to desorption and ionization separately and then combined within DESI. Our results indicate that desorption efficiency is (1) independent of the applied potential and (2) the impact zone to inlet distance, and that (3) gas pressure settings and (4) sprayer to impact zone distances above optimal for DESI are detrimental to desorption but beneficial for ionization. In addition, possible interpretations for the observed trends are presented.
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49
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Fouyer K, Lavastre O, Rondeau D. Direct Monitoring of the Role Played by a Stabilizer in a Solid Sample of Polymer Using Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry: The Case of Irgafos 168 in Polyethylene. Anal Chem 2012; 84:8642-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac301759q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Fouyer
- Institut d’Electronique
et de Télécommunication de Rennes (IETR UMR CNRS 6164), Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu,
263 Avenue du General Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Olivier Lavastre
- Institut d’Electronique
et de Télécommunication de Rennes (IETR UMR CNRS 6164), Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu,
263 Avenue du General Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - David Rondeau
- Institut d’Electronique
et de Télécommunication de Rennes (IETR UMR CNRS 6164), Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu,
263 Avenue du General Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Département de Chimie,
6 Avenue le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest Cedex 03, France
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50
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Achievements and future trends in the analysis of emerging organic contaminants in environmental samples by mass spectrometry and bioanalytical techniques. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1259:86-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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