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De Luca C, Compagnin G, Nosengo C, Mazzoccanti G, Gasparrini F, Cavazzini A, Catani M, Felletti S. Novel insights into the dependence of adsorption-desorption kinetics on particle geometry in chiral chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:1809-1820. [PMID: 38358532 PMCID: PMC10901921 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05186-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The existence of slow adsorption-desorption kinetics in chiral liquid chromatography is common knowledge. This may significantly contribute to worsening the efficiency and kinetic performance of a chromatographic run, especially when high flow rates are employed. Many attempts and protocols have been proposed to access this term, the so-called c ads , but they are based on different (theoretical) assumptions. As a consequence, no official method is available for the estimation of the adsorption-desorption kinetics term. In this work, a novel approach to access c ads is presented. This procedure combines experimental results obtained with kinetic and thermodynamic measurements. The investigations have been performed on two zwitterionic teicoplanin chiral stationary phases (CSPs) based on 1.9 μ m fully porous and 2.0 μ m superficially porous particles (FPPs and SPPs), using Z-D,L-Methionine as probe molecule. Kinetic studies have been performed through the combination of both stop-flow and dynamic measurements, while adsorption isotherms have been calculated through Inverse Method. This study has confirmed that, on both particle formats, analyte diffusion on the surface of the particle is negligible, meaning that adsorption is localized, and it has been demonstrated that adsorption-desorption kinetics is strongly dependent on particle geometry and, in particular, on the loading of chiral selector. These findings are fundamental not only to unravel novel aspects of the complex enantiorecognition mechanism but also to optimize the employment of CSPs for ultra-fast and preparative applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara De Luca
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Greta Compagnin
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Chiara Nosengo
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Giulia Mazzoccanti
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Francesco Gasparrini
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Alberto Cavazzini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, CREA, via della Navicella 2/4, Rome, 00184, Italy
| | - Martina Catani
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara, 44121, Italy.
| | - Simona Felletti
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara, 44121, Italy.
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Rasheed M, Perveen S, Qamar S. Theoretical Investigation of the Nonlinear General Rate Model with the Bi-Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm Using Core-Shell Adsorbents. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:43964-43977. [PMID: 38027365 PMCID: PMC10666139 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Core-shell particles enable the separation of intricate mixtures in a highly efficient and rapid manner. The porous shell particles increased the separation efficiency with expedited flow rates due to an abatement in the pore volume accessible for longitudinal diffusion and a decrease in diffusion path length. This study focuses on the numerical approximation of a nonlinear isothermal general rate model applied to stationary bed columns that are replete with inert core adsorbents featuring double adsorption sites. The transport of solute in heterogeneous porous media can be modeled by a nonlinear convection acquiescent partial differential equation system together with a specific nonlinear algebraic relation: the bi-Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Therefore, it is important to develop accurate and reliable numerical techniques that can perform accurate numerical simulations of these models. We extended and implemented a second-order, semidiscrete, high-resolution finite volume method to simulate the governing equations of the model. Single solute flow and multi component mixture flows are assessed through a series of numerical experiments to theoretically illustrate the repercussions of intraparticle diffusion, film mass resistance, axial dispersion, and the size of the inert core radius upon simulated elution curves. Standard performance criteria are assessed to determine the optimal core radius fraction range for optimizing the separation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad
Afraz Rasheed
- Department
of Mathematics, Air University, PAF Complex, Sector E-9, Islamabad 44230, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Perveen
- Department
of Mathematics, Air University, PAF Complex, Sector E-9, Islamabad 44230, Pakistan
| | - Shamsul Qamar
- Department
of Mathematics, COMSATS University, Park Road, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
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3
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Gritti F. Absorption and escape kinetics of spherical biomolecules from fully porous particles utilized in size exclusion chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1701:464050. [PMID: 37216849 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand for the characterization of large biomolecules such as monoclonal antibodies, double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (dsDNA), and virus-like particles (VLPs) is raising fundamental questions pertaining to their absorption (ingress) and escape (egress) kinetics from fully porous particles. The exact expression of their concentration profiles is derived as a function of time and radial position across a single sub-3 μm Bridge-Ethylene-Hybrid (BEHTM) Particle present in size exclusion chromatography (SEC) columns. The boundary condition at the external surface area of the particle is a rectangular concentration profile mimicking the passage of the chromatographic zone. Four different BEH Particles were considered in the calculations depending on the molecular size of the analyte: 2.0 μm 100 Å BEH Particles for small molecules, 2.0 μm 200 Å BEH Particles for monoclonal antibodies, 2.0 μm 300 Å BEH Particles for dsDNA (100 base pairs), and 2.5 μm 900 Å BEH Particles for virus-like particles (VLPs). The calculated concentration profiles of small molecules and monoclonal antibodies confirm that all BEH Particles present in the column reach quasi-instantaneously thermodynamic equilibrium with the bulk mobile phase during the passage of the chromatographic band. This is no longer the case for larger biomolecules such as dsDNA or VLPs, especially when the SEC particle is located near the column inlet and for high velocities. The kinetics of biomolecule egress is slower than its kinetics of ingress leading to pronounced peak tailing. The mean concentration of the largest biomolecules in the SEC particles remains always smaller than the maximum bulk concentration. This persistent and transient intra-particle diffusion regime has direct implications on the theoretical expressions of the observed retention factors and plate heights. Classical theories of chromatography assume uniform spatial distribution of the analyte in the particle volume: this hypothesis is not verified for the largest biomolecules. These results imply that non-porous particles or monolithic structures are the most promising stationary phases for the separation and purification of the largest biomolecules in life science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Gritti
- Waters Corporation, Instrument/Core Research/Fundamentals, 34 Maple Street, Milford, MA 01757, USA.
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4
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Billotto LS, Marcus RK. Comparative Analysis of Trilobal Capillary‐Channeled Polymer Fiber Columns with Superficially Porous and Monolithic Phases Towards Reversed‐Phase Protein Separations. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:3811-3826. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lacey S. Billotto
- Department of Chemistry Biosystems Research Complex Clemson University
| | - R. Kenneth Marcus
- Department of Chemistry Biosystems Research Complex Clemson University
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5
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Miyabe K. Simplification of Moment Analysis Procedure for Kinetic Study of Chromatographic Behavior of Core-shell Particles. ANAL SCI 2021; 37:1553-1557. [PMID: 33952866 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.21p094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The moment analysis method for chromatographic behavior in core-shell columns was simplified. Mass-transfer phenomena other than intra-stationary phase diffusion are analyzed while considering that the packing materials are spherical particles. The manner of intra-stationary phase diffusion is analyzed while assuming a hypothetical flat plate. For most core-shell particles commercially available, the geometry of a spherical thin layer can be supposed as a hypothetical flat plate with a relative error of less than ca. 2% because the thickness of the shell layer is sufficiently smaller than the diameter of whole particle. This supposition makes moment analysis easier because the moment equations for flat plates are simpler than those strictly developed for core-shell particles. Some chromatographic data measured using a core-shell column were analyzed by the simple moment analysis method to confirm its usefulness. It was demonstrated that the method is effective for a preliminary study of mass-transfer kinetics in core-shell columns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanji Miyabe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rikkyo University
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Miyabe K. Simple Moment Analysis for a Kinetic Study of the Chromatographic Behavior of Spherical Particles and Silica Monoliths. ANAL SCI 2021; 37:593-598. [PMID: 33041310 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20p331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A simple procedure of moment analysis was proposed for a kinetic study of the rate processes in the columns packed with full-porous spherical particles and silica monoliths. Previous chromatographic data measured in reversed-phase HPLC systems using Mightysil and Chromolith columns were analyzed by a simple moment analysis. The surface of the packing materials is chemically modified with octadecyl alkyl ligands. A mixture of methanol and water (80/20, v/v) and alkylbenzene homologous series (C6H5CnH2n+1, n = 0 - 7) were used as the mobile-phase solvent and sample probes, respectively. More detailed information about the experimental conditions is provided in Supporting Information. The values of the intra-stationary phase diffusivity (De) and the surface diffusion coefficient (Ds), derived by the simple moment analysis, were almost the same as those by the conventional moment analysis. The simple moment analysis is effective for quantitative studies of mass transfer in chromatographic systems. The previous chromatographic data were also analyzed by assuming external porosity (εe) as typical values, i.e., 0.40 for spherical particles and 0.70 for silica monoliths. The resulting values of De and Ds were of the same order of magnitude as those derived by using εe experimentally measured. Even if εe is assumed to be typical values, the simple moment analysis is effective for preliminary studies of the mass-transfer kinetics in the columns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanji Miyabe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rikkyo University
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7
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Ahmad AG, Perveen S, Qamar S. Numerical approximation of a two-dimensional non-equilibrium model of non-isothermal liquid chromatography considering core-shell particles. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2020.1812641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Garba Ahmad
- Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Mathematics Programme, National Mathematical Centre, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Sadia Perveen
- Department of Mathematics, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shamsul Qamar
- Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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8
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Gritti F, Hochstrasser J, Svidrytski A, Hlushkou D, Tallarek U. Morphology-transport relationships in liquid chromatography: Application to method development in size exclusion chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1620:460991. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.460991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Wu SL, Chen CM, Kuo JH, Wey MY. Synthesis of carbon nanotubes with controllable diameter by chemical vapor deposition of methane using Fe@Al2O3 core–shell nanocomposites. Chem Eng Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.115541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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10
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Theoretical Analysis of Efficiency of Multi-Layer Core-Shell Stationary Phases in the High Performance Liquid Chromatography of Large Biomolecules. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24152849. [PMID: 31390734 PMCID: PMC6695945 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern analytical applications of liquid chromatography require columns with higher and higher efficiencies. In this work, the general rate model (GRM) of chromatography is used for the analysis of the efficiency of core-shell phases having two porous layers with different structures and/or surface chemistries. The solution of the GRM in the Laplace domain allows for the calculation of moments of elution curves (retention time and peak width), which are used for the analysis of the efficiency of bi-layer particles with and without a non-porous core. The results demonstrate that bi-layer structures can offer higher separation power than that of the two layers alone if the inner layer has smaller surface coverage (retentivity) and the pore size and pore diffusion of the outer layer is either equal to or higher than that of the inner layer. Even in the case of core-shell phases, there is an increase in resolution by applying the bi-layer structure; however, we can always find a mono-layer core-shell particle structure with a larger core size that provides better resolution. At the optimal core size, the resolution cannot be further improved by applying a bi-layer structure. However, in case of the most widely produced general-purpose core-shell particles, where the core is ∼70% of the particle diameter, a 15–20% gain of resolution can be obtained by using well-designed and optimized bi-layer core-shell phases.
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11
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Brhane KW, Qamar S, Seidel-Morgenstern A. Two-Dimensional General Rate Model of Liquid Chromatography Incorporating Finite Rates of Adsorption–Desorption Kinetics and Core–Shell Particles. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kewani Welay Brhane
- Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
- Department of Mathematics, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Shamsul Qamar
- Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
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12
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Qamar S, Bashir S, Perveen S, Seidel-Morgenstern A. Relations between kinetic parameters of different column models for liquid chromatography applying core-shell particles. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2019.1570522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shamsul Qamar
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Seemab Bashir
- Department of Mathematics, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Perveen
- Department of Mathematics, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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13
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Akram N, Qamar S, Seidel-Morgenstern A. Nonlinear model of liquid chromatography considering finite rates of adsorption-desorption kinetics and core-shell adsorbents. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2018.1519832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Akram
- Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shamsul Qamar
- Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
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14
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Gumustas M, Zalewski P, Ozkan SA, Uslu B. The History of the Core–Shell Particles and Applications in Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Via Liquid Chromatography. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3670-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Rukowicz B, Alejski K. A biologically-derived 1,3-propanediol recovery from fermentation broth using preparative liquid chromatography. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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16
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Lambert N, Felinger A. The effect of the frictional heat on retention and efficiency in thermostated or insulated chromatographic columns packed with sub-2-μm particles. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1565:89-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Hydrazine determination in allopurinol using derivatization and SPE for sample preparation. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 152:25-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Analytical and numerical solutions of two-dimensional general rate models for liquid chromatographic columns packed with core–shell particles. Chem Eng Res Des 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2017.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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20
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Qamar S, Bashir S, Perveen S, Seidel-Morgenstern A. Analysis of Linear General Rate Model of Reactive Chromatography for Core–Shell Adsorbents. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b01949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shamsul Qamar
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, 39106, Germany
- COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Seemab Bashir
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, 39106, Germany
| | - Sadia Perveen
- Air University, PAF Complex,
Sector E-9 Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
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21
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Nawada S, Dimartino S, Fee C. Dispersion behavior of 3D-printed columns with homogeneous microstructures comprising differing element shapes. Chem Eng Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Gritti F. Impact of straight, unconnected, radially-oriented, and tapered mesopores on column efficiency: A theoretical investigation. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1485:70-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Wagner BM, Schuster SA, Boyes BE, Shields TJ, Miles WL, Haynes MJ, Moran RE, Kirkland JJ, Schure MR. Superficially porous particles with 1000Å pores for large biomolecule high performance liquid chromatography and polymer size exclusion chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1489:75-85. [PMID: 28213987 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.01.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To facilitate mass transport and column efficiency, solutes must have free access to particle pores to facilitate interactions with the stationary phase. To ensure this feature, particles should be used for HPLC separations which have pores sufficiently large to accommodate the solute without restricted diffusion. This paper describes the design and properties of superficially porous (also called Fused-Core®, core shell or porous shell) particles with very large (1000Å) pores specifically developed for separating very large biomolecules and polymers. Separations of DNA fragments, monoclonal antibodies, large proteins and large polystyrene standards are used to illustrate the utility of these particles for efficient, high-resolution applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Wagner
- Advanced Materials Technology, Inc., 3521 Silverside Rd., Ste. 1-K, Quillen Bldg, Wilmington, DE 19810, USA
| | - Stephanie A Schuster
- Advanced Materials Technology, Inc., 3521 Silverside Rd., Ste. 1-K, Quillen Bldg, Wilmington, DE 19810, USA.
| | - Barry E Boyes
- Advanced Materials Technology, Inc., 3521 Silverside Rd., Ste. 1-K, Quillen Bldg, Wilmington, DE 19810, USA
| | - Taylor J Shields
- Advanced Materials Technology, Inc., 3521 Silverside Rd., Ste. 1-K, Quillen Bldg, Wilmington, DE 19810, USA
| | - William L Miles
- Advanced Materials Technology, Inc., 3521 Silverside Rd., Ste. 1-K, Quillen Bldg, Wilmington, DE 19810, USA
| | - Mark J Haynes
- Advanced Materials Technology, Inc., 3521 Silverside Rd., Ste. 1-K, Quillen Bldg, Wilmington, DE 19810, USA
| | - Robert E Moran
- Advanced Materials Technology, Inc., 3521 Silverside Rd., Ste. 1-K, Quillen Bldg, Wilmington, DE 19810, USA
| | - Joseph J Kirkland
- Advanced Materials Technology, Inc., 3521 Silverside Rd., Ste. 1-K, Quillen Bldg, Wilmington, DE 19810, USA
| | - Mark R Schure
- Theoretical Separation Science Laboratory, Kroungold Analytical, Inc., 1299 Butler Pike, Blue Bell, PA 19422, USA
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Åsberg D, Chutkowski M, Leśko M, Samuelsson J, Kaczmarski K, Fornstedt T. A practical approach for predicting retention time shifts due to pressure and temperature gradients in ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1479:107-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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25
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26
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Qamar S, Sattar FA, Abbasi JN, Seidel-Morgenstern A. Numerical simulation of nonlinear chromatography with core–shell particles applying the general rate model. Chem Eng Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2016.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Gritti F. Introduction to “Comparison between the efficiencies of columns packed with fully and partially porous C18-bonded silica materials” by F. Gritti, A. Cavazzini, N. Marchetti, G. Guiochon [J. Chromatogr. A 1157 (2007) 289–303]. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1446:13-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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de Villiers A, Venter P, Pasch H. Recent advances and trends in the liquid-chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of flavonoids. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1430:16-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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29
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Linear general rate model of chromatography for core–shell particles: Analytical solutions and moment analysis. Chem Eng Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2015.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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30
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Computational investigation of longitudinal diffusion, eddy dispersion, and trans-particle mass transfer in bulk, random packings of core–shell particles with varied shell thickness and shell diffusion coefficient. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1407:139-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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31
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González-Ruiz V, Olives AI, Martín MA. Core-shell particles lead the way to renewing high-performance liquid chromatography. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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DeStefano JJ, Boyes BE, Schuster SA, Miles WL, Kirkland JJ. Are sub-2 μm particles best for separating small molecules? An alternative. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1368:163-72. [PMID: 25441351 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Superficially porous particles (SPP) in the 2.5-2.7 μm range provide almost the same efficiency and resolution of sub-2 μm totally porous particles (TPP), but at one-half to one-third of the operating pressure. The advantage of SPP has led to the introduction of sub-2 μm SPP as a natural extension of this technology. While short columns of both SPP and TPP sub-2 μm particles allow very fast separations, the efficiency advantages of these very small particles often are not realized nor sufficient to overcome some of the practical limitations and disadvantages of such small particles. Advantages and disadvantages of columns packed with sub-2 μm particles are described for comparison with the characteristics of larger particles. The authors conclude that while sub-2 μm particles have utility in research studies, columns of larger particles are often better suited for most applications. A suggested 2.0 μm superficially porous particle diameter retains many of the advantages of sub-2 μm particles, but minimizes some of the disadvantages. The characteristics of these new 2.0 μm SPP are described in studies comparing some present sub-2 μm SPP commercial columns for efficiency, column bed homogeneity and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J DeStefano
- Advanced Materials Technology, Inc., 3521 Silverside Rd., Ste. 1-K, Quillen Bldg, Wilmington, DE 19810 USA
| | - Barry E Boyes
- Advanced Materials Technology, Inc., 3521 Silverside Rd., Ste. 1-K, Quillen Bldg, Wilmington, DE 19810 USA
| | - Stephanie A Schuster
- Advanced Materials Technology, Inc., 3521 Silverside Rd., Ste. 1-K, Quillen Bldg, Wilmington, DE 19810 USA.
| | - William L Miles
- Advanced Materials Technology, Inc., 3521 Silverside Rd., Ste. 1-K, Quillen Bldg, Wilmington, DE 19810 USA
| | - Joseph J Kirkland
- Advanced Materials Technology, Inc., 3521 Silverside Rd., Ste. 1-K, Quillen Bldg, Wilmington, DE 19810 USA
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Lambert N, Kiss I, Felinger A. Mass-transfer properties of insulin on core–shell and fully porous stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1366:84-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hormann K, Tallarek U. Mass transport properties of second-generation silica monoliths with mean mesopore size from 5 to 25nm. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1365:94-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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35
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Core–shell particles: Preparation, fundamentals and applications in high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1357:36-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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36
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Possible resolution gain in enantioseparations afforded by core–shell particle technology. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1348:87-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Rapid development of core–shell column technology: Accurate measurements of the intrinsic column efficiency of narrow-bore columns packed with 4.6 down to 1.3μm superficially porous particles. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1333:60-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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38
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Evaluation of the kinetic performance of new prototype 2.1mm×100mm narrow-bore columns packed with 1.6μm superficially porous particles. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1334:30-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Jandera P, Hájek T, Vyňuchalová K. Retention and bandwidths prediction in fast gradient liquid chromatography. Part 2-Core-shell columns. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1337:57-66. [PMID: 24636562 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we confirmed that the well-established theory of gradient elution can be employed for prediction of retention in gradient elution from the isocratic data, method development and optimization in fast gradient chromatography employing short packed fully porous and monolithic columns and gradient times in between 1 and 2min, or even less. In the present work, we extended this study to short core-shell reversed-phase columns. We investigated the effects of the specification of the stationary phase in the core-shell structure on the prediction of gradient retention data. Two simple retention models describing the effects of the mobile phase on the retention by two-parameter equations yield comparable accuracy and can be used for prediction of elution times. The log-log model provides improved prediction of gradient bandwidths, especially for less retained compounds. A more sophisticated three-parameter model did not offer significant improvement of prediction. We compared the efficiency, selectivity and peak capacity of fast gradient separations of alkylbenzenes, phenolic acids and flavones on seven core shell columns with different lengths and chemistry of bonded shell stationary phase. Within the limits dictated by a fixed short separation time, appropriate adjustment of the range of the composition of mobile phase during gradient elution is the most efficient means to optimize the gradient separation. The gradient range affects sample bandwidths equally or even more significantly than the column length. Both 5-cm and 3-cm core-shell columns may provide comparable peak capacity in a fixed short gradient time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Jandera
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ-53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomáš Hájek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ-53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Vyňuchalová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ-53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
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MIYABE K, MURATA Y. Moment Analysis of Chromatographic Behavior of Separation Media for Fast HPLC. ANAL SCI 2014; 30:277-83. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.30.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanji MIYABE
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rikkyo University
| | - Yuhi MURATA
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama
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41
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Delahaye S, Broeckhoven K, Desmet G, Lynen F. Application of the isopycnic kinetic plot method for elucidating the potential of sub-2µm and core–shell particles in SFC. Talanta 2013; 116:1105-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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42
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Effect of parallel segmented flow chromatography on the height equivalent to a theoretical plate II – Performances of 4.6mm×30mm columns packed with 2.6μm Accucore-C18 superficially porous particles. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1314:44-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
There is increasing interest within the pharmaceutical industry in the development of proteins and peptides as drugs in addition to their use as biomarkers. Immunochemistry-based techniques have been traditionally used for the quantitation of proteins and peptides; however, LC-MS-based methodologies are being increasingly adopted as they offer several advantages. UHPLC is well established within the small-molecule community as a means to increase resolution and/or the speed of separations prior to MS detection; however, it is rarely applied to proteins or peptides separations. In this paper, current applications of UHPLC to such separations are reviewed, as well as considerations with regard to the effect of altering various chromatographic parameters.
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Gritti F, Guiochon G. Effect of parallel segmented flow chromatography on the height equivalent to a theoretical plate. I—Performance of 4.6 mm × 30 mm columns packed with 3.0 μm Hypurity-C18 fully porous particles. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1297:64-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Revised: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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45
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Gritti F, Guiochon G. Comparison between the intra-particle diffusivity in the hydrophilic interaction chromatography and reversed phase liquid chromatography modes. Impact on the column efficiency. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1297:85-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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46
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Molecular Shape Selectivity for Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds on a Core–Shell Octadecylsilica Stationary Phase at Subambient Column Temperatures. Chromatographia 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2491-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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47
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Gritti F, Guiochon G. Limit of the speed-resolution properties in adiabatic supercritical fluid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1295:114-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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48
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Gritti F, Guiochon G. Perspectives on the Evolution of the Column Efficiency in Liquid Chromatography. Anal Chem 2013; 85:3017-35. [DOI: 10.1021/ac3033307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Gritti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States
| | - Georges Guiochon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States
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49
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Speed-resolution properties of columns packed with new 4.6 μm Kinetex-C18 core–shell particles. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1280:35-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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50
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Vinci G, Antonelli ML, Preti R. Rapid determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in rainwater by liquid-liquid microextraction and LC with core-shell particles column and fluorescence detection. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:461-8. [PMID: 23303536 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid microextraction coupled to LC with fluorescence detection for the determination of Environmental Protection Agency's 16 priority pollutant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in rainwater has been developed. The optimization of the extraction method has involved several parameters, including the comparison between an ultrasonic bath and a magnetic stirrer as extractant apparatus, the choice of the extractant solvent, and the optimization of the extraction time. Liquid-liquid microextraction gave good results in terms of recoveries (from 73.6 to 102.8% in rainwater) and repeatability, with a very simple procedure and low solvent consumption. The reported chromatographic method uses a Core-Shell technology column, with particle size <3 μm instead of classical 5-μm particles column. The resulting backpressure was below 300 bar, allowing the use of a conventional HPLC system rather than the more expensive ultrahigh performance LC (UHPLC). An average decrease of 59% in run time and 75% in eluent consumption has been obtained, compared to classical HPLC methods, keeping good separation, sensitivity, and repeatability. The proposed conditions were successfully applied to the determinations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in genuine rainwater samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Vinci
- Laboratory of Commodity Science, Department of Management, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy.
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