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Functionalized magnetic nanoparticles as powerful sorbents and stationary phases for the extraction and chromatographic applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Kitte SA, Fereja TH, Halawa MI, Lou B, Li H, Xu G. Recent advances in nanomaterial-based capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:2050-2057. [PMID: 31062878 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This review gives a summary of applications of different nanomateials, such as gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), carbon-based nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), and nano-sized metal organic frameworks (MOFs), in electrophoretic separations. This review also emphasizes the recent works in which nanoparticles (NPs) are used as pseudostationary phase (PSP) or immobilized on the capillary surface for enhancement of separation in CE, CEC, and microchips electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimeles Addisu Kitte
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.,State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Tadesse Haile Fereja
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Mohamed Ibrahim Halawa
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Baohua Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Haijuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P. R. China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Guobao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, P. R. China
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Open-tubular capillary electrochromatography with β-cyclodextrin-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles as stationary phase for enantioseparation of dansylated amino acids. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:244. [PMID: 30877441 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3318-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) modified with β-cyclodextrin and mono-6-deoxy-6-(1-methylimidazolium)-β-cyclodextrin tosylate (an ionic liquid), which called MNP-β-CD and MNP-β-CD-IL, were coated into the capillary inner wall. Compared to an uncoated capillary, the new systems show good reproducibility and durability. The systems based on the use of MNP-β-CD or MNP-β-CD-IL as stationary phases were established for enantioseparation of Dns-modified amino acids. Improved resolutions were obtained for both CEC systems. Primary parameters such as running buffer pH value and applied voltage were systematically optimized in order to obtain optimal enantioseparations. Under the optimized conditions, the capillaries exhibited excellent chiral recognition ability for six Dns-amino acids (the DL-forms of alanine, leucine, lsoleucine, valine, methionine, glutamic acid) and provided a promising way for the preparation of chiral column. Graphical Abstract Schematic presentation of the open-tubular capillary electrochromatography systems with MNP-β-CD and MNP-β-CD-IL as stationary phases for enantioseparation of dansylated amino acids.
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Sun X, Guo J, Yu T, Du Y, Feng Z, Zhao S, Huang Z, Liu J. A novel coating method for CE capillary using carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin-modified magnetic microparticles as stationary for electrochromatography enantioseparation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:1193-1202. [PMID: 30707270 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1545-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic microparticles (MMPs) have been extensively studied and aroused considerable interest in separation science owing to their superior characteristics. In this paper, a novel coated capillary with carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin-functionalized magnetic microparticles (CD-MMPs) as stationary phase was constructed and then applied to establish an open-tubular capillary electrochromatography enantioseparation system. The preparation of the CD-MMP-coated open-tubular column was very convenient because the coating of the magnetic microparticles onto the capillary column could be easily manipulated by an external magnetic field. The preparation conditions of the coated capillary such as magnetic field intensity and coating time are discussed in detail. The new constructed CD-MMP capillary system was applied to separate enantiomers of several racemic drugs. Compared to the uncoated capillary system, obviously preferable separations of tested enantiomers were obtained. Several important parameters affecting the enantioseparation, such as CM-β-CD concentration, running buffer pH, organic solvent, and applied voltage, were systematically optimized. Furthermore, satisfactory repeatability and chemical stability of this new CD-MMP capillary system were achieved in the experiment. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Guo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingxiang Du
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China. .,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zijie Feng
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shiyuan Zhao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhifeng Huang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
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A norepinephrine coated magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer for simultaneous multiple chiral recognition. J Chromatogr A 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Xue Y, Gu X, Wang Y, Yan C. Recent advances on capillary columns, detectors, and two-dimensional separations in capillary electrochromatography. Electrophoresis 2014; 36:124-34. [PMID: 25223262 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
As a typical miniaturized analytical technique, CEC has attracted much attention because of its low sample and solvent consumption, high efficiency, high selectivity, high resolution, and fast speed. In this review, we mainly cover the development of capillary columns and detection techniques in the CEC since 2009. Herein, three types of capillary columns, namely, open-tubular capillary columns, monolithic columns and packed columns, and several types of detectors are reviewed in detail. Moreover, a 2D separation system based on CEC is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Franc M, Sobotníková J, Coufal P, Bosáková Z. Comparison of different types of outlet frits in slurry-packed capillary columns. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2278-83. [PMID: 24947807 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Fused-silica capillary columns for high-performance liquid chromatography with 320 and 250 μm inner diameter were prepared by slurry packing with 5 and 3 μm Nucleosil C18 stationary phase. Different types of mechanical and monolithic outlet frits were used and their influence on the resulting column performance was evaluated. Columns with quartz wool exhibited symmetrical peaks and low theoretical plate height, and the preparation time was short. The performance of monolithic frits varied based on type of monolith, length of the frit, and silanization procedure. The best frit performed similarly to the quartz wool ones, but the preparation took several hours. Their main advantage lies in the possibility of on-column detection, because the detection window can be burnt immediately behind the frit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Franc
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov, Prague, Czech Republic
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Ashtari K, Khajeh K, Fasihi J, Ashtari P, Ramazani A, Vali H. Silica-encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles: Enzyme immobilization and cytotoxic study. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 50:1063-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2011] [Revised: 12/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Henken RL, Chantiwas R, Gilman SD. Influence of immobilized biomolecules on magnetic bead plug formation and retention in capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:827-33. [PMID: 22437880 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 11/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Significant changes in the formation and retention of magnetic bead plugs in a capillary during electrophoresis were studied, and it was demonstrated that these effects were due to the type of biological molecule immobilized on the surface of these beads. Three biological molecules, an antibody, an oligonucleotide, and alkaline phosphatase (AP), were attached to otherwise identical streptavidin-coated magnetic beads through biotin-avidin binding in order to isolate differences in bead immobilization in a magnetic field resulting from the type of biological molecule immobilized on the bead surface. AP was also attached to the magnetic beads using epoxy groups on the bead surfaces (instead of avidin-biotin binding) to study the impact of immobilization chemistry. The formation and retention of magnetic bead plugs were studied quantitatively using light scattering detection of magnetic particles eluting from the bead plugs and qualitatively using microscopy. Both the types of biomolecule immobilized on the magnetic bead surface and the chemistry used to link the biomolecule to the magnetic bead impacted the formation and retention of the bead plugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Henken
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Zhu Y, Zhou C, Qin S, Ren Z, Zhang L, Fu H, Zhang W. A novel open‐tubular capillary electrochromatography with magnetic nanoparticle coating as stationary phase. Electrophoresis 2011; 33:340-7. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 09/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxian Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Chaoran Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Sasa Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyu Ren
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Lingyi Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Honggang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Weibing Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Qu P, Lei J, Zhang L, Ouyang R, Ju H. Molecularly imprinted magnetic nanoparticles as tunable stationary phase located in microfluidic channel for enantioseparation. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:6115-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Revised: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 07/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Wang H, Cao J, Bi Y, Chen L, Wan QH. Magnetically immobilized frits for the preparation of packed columns used in capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:5882-7. [PMID: 19559442 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2009] [Revised: 05/26/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fabrication of porous frits to retain stationary phases is a critical issue in column preparation for capillary electrochromatography (CEC). In this work, porous frits were prepared by applying an external magnetic field to magnetically responsive particles placed inside a fused-silica capillary. Three batches of uniform magnetite spheres with particle diameters of 0.3, 0.4, and 0.6 microm and saturation magnetization values of 73.03, 74.41, and 77.83 emu/g, respectively, were used as frit particles and octadecyl- and phenyl-bonded silica gels were packed successfully into frit-containing capillaries. The performance of the resulting magnetically immobilized frits and packed columns was evaluated. The electroosmotic mobilities in capillaries containing outlet frit only were found to be reduced by 2-4% whereas the plate heights of an unretained marker increased by 30-50% as compared to those in open capillaries. These variations are believed to be associated with the inhomogeneities of the packed structure of the frits. The magnetically immobilized frits showed adequate mechanical strength to withstand the flow drag force, allowing separation in capillaries packed with 5-mum stationary phases up to 10-15 cm, thus rendering column efficiency and reproducibility comparable with those obtained with sintered frits. Taken together, retaining frits made of uniform magnetite particles serves as a viable alternative to sintered frits for column preparation, which offers several distinct advantages such as ease of preparation, improved durability as compared to sintered frits where the removal of the polyimide coating makes the packed column susceptible to breakage, and use of large-bore capillaries for semipreparative separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Issaq HJ, Chan KC, Blonder J, Ye X, Veenstra TD. Separation, detection and quantitation of peptides by liquid chromatography and capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:1825-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2008] [Revised: 12/10/2008] [Accepted: 12/17/2008] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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14
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Chen HX, Busnel JM, Gassner AL, Peltre G, Zhang XX, Girault HH. Capillary electrophoresis immunoassay using magnetic beads. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:3414-21. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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