1
|
The Use of Antibiotics as Chiral Selectors in Capillary Electrophoresis: A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113601. [PMID: 35684535 PMCID: PMC9181903 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chirality is becoming an essential issue in modern pharmaceutical research as regulatory agencies emphasize the safety and efficiency of enantiomers in drug development. The development of efficient and reliable chiral separation methods became a necessity in the last 30 years, and capillary electrophoresis (CE), due to its relatively low costs and “green” features, is attracting increased attention. Cyclodextrin (CD) and their derivatives are the most frequently used chiral selectors (CSs) in CE, however, the use of antibiotics as CSs represents an interesting alternative. Various classes of antibiotics (aminoglycosides, ansamycins, glycopeptides, lincosamides, macrolides, tetracyclines) have been used more or less successfully for the enantio-separation of pharmaceuticals. Antibiotics offer the possibility of a multitude of potential interactions (electrostatic, inclusion, hydrogen bonding, etc.) due to their chemical diversity, allowing the enantio-separation of analytes with a wide range of structural characteristics. This article aims to review the application of various classes of antibiotics in the CE enantio-separation of pharmaceuticals. Antibiotic physiochemical characteristics, variables impacting enantio-separation, advantages, and disadvantages when certain antibiotics are used as CSs in CE are also explored.
Collapse
|
2
|
Barhate CL, Wahab MF, Breitbach ZS, Bell DS, Armstrong DW. High efficiency, narrow particle size distribution, sub-2 μm based macrocyclic glycopeptide chiral stationary phases in HPLC and SFC. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 898:128-37. [PMID: 26526918 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
State of the art chiral chromatography still employs 3-5 μm bonded or immobilized chiral selectors in 10-25 cm columns. With the availability of 1.9 μm narrow particle size distribution (NPSD) silica, it is now possible to make ever shorter, high efficiency columns practical for sub-minute chiral separations. Three macrocyclic glycopeptides (teicoplanin, teicoplanin aglycone, and vancomycin) were bonded onto 1.9 μm NPSD particles. Such packed columns had ∼80% lower backpressure as compared to polydisperse (PD) 1.7 μm silica materials when using the same mobile phase. The decreased backpressure allowed for diminution of frictional heating and allowed for the use of the 1.9 μm NPSD particle based columns at high flow rates. The 1.9 μm NPSD particle based columns showed up to 190,000 plates m(-1) for chiral molecules and 210,000 plates m(-1) for achiral probes. Representative enantiomeric separations are shown for wide classes of compounds, including different types of amino acids, β-blockers, and pharmaceutically important heterocyclic compounds such as oxazolidinones. Applications in three liquid chromatography modes, namely, reversed phase, polar organic mode and normal phase chiral separations were shown with resolution values ranging from 1.5 to 5.7. Additionally, the same columns were used with supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) for ultrafast separations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandan L Barhate
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, TX 76019-0065, USA
| | - M Farooq Wahab
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, TX 76019-0065, USA
| | - Zachary S Breitbach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, TX 76019-0065, USA
| | - David S Bell
- Sigma-Aldrich/Supelco, 595 North Harrison Road, Bellefonte, PA 16823, USA
| | - Daniel W Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, TX 76019-0065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Spudeit DA, Breitbach ZS, Dolzan MD, Micke GA, Armstrong DW. Superficially Porous Particle Based Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin Stationary Phase for High-Efficiency Enantiomeric Separations. Chirality 2015; 27:788-94. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Spudeit
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington Texas USA
- Department of Chemistry; Federal University of Santa Catarina; Florianopolis Brazil
| | - Zachary S. Breitbach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington Texas USA
| | - Maressa D. Dolzan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington Texas USA
- Department of Chemistry; Federal University of Santa Catarina; Florianopolis Brazil
| | - Gustavo A. Micke
- Department of Chemistry; Federal University of Santa Catarina; Florianopolis Brazil
| | - Daniel W. Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington Texas USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang C, Tymiak AA, Zhang Y. Optimization and Simulation of Tandem Column Supercritical Fluid Chromatography Separations Using Column Back Pressure as a Unique Parameter. Anal Chem 2014; 86:4033-40. [DOI: 10.1021/ac500530n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Wang
- Bioanalytical and Discovery Analytical Sciences, Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Adrienne A. Tymiak
- Bioanalytical and Discovery Analytical Sciences, Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Yingru Zhang
- Bioanalytical and Discovery Analytical Sciences, Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Supercritical fluid chromatography as a tool for enantioselective separation; A review. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 821:1-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
6
|
Dixit S, Park JH. Application of antibiotics as chiral selectors for capillary electrophoretic enantioseparation of pharmaceuticals: a review. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 28:10-26. [PMID: 23780664 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed several new trends in chiral separation, for example, the enantiorecognition ability of several new antibiotics has been explored using capillary electrophoresis (CE) prior to HPLC; antibiotics have been employed as chiral selectors (CSs) in a nonaqueous CE (NACE) mode; and several new detection techniques (namely, capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection) have been used in combination with CE for quantification of enantiomers. On account of these emerging trends, this article aims to review the application of various classes of antibiotics for CE enantioseparation of pharmaceuticals. A detailed account of the basic factors affecting enantioseparation, certain limitations of antibiotics as CSs and strategies to mitigate them, and advantages of NACE while using antibiotics as CSs has also been presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuchi Dixit
- Department of Chemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749, South Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Development of chiral stationary phases for high-performance liquid chromatographic separation. Trends Analyt Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
8
|
Study on the use of boromycin as a chiral selector in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1237:128-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
9
|
Ema T, Hamada K, Sugita K, Nagata Y, Sakai T, Ohnishi A. Synthesis and Evaluation of Chiral Selectors with Multiple Hydrogen-Bonding Sites in the Macrocyclic Cavities. J Org Chem 2010; 75:4492-500. [DOI: 10.1021/jo1006587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Ema
- Division of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hamada
- Division of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kyoko Sugita
- Division of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yohei Nagata
- Division of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takashi Sakai
- Division of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ohnishi
- CPI Company, Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd., Aboshi, Himeji, Hyogo 671-1283, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sun P, Armstrong DW. Effective enantiomeric separations of racemic primary amines by the isopropyl carbamate-cyclofructan6 chiral stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:4904-18. [PMID: 20561631 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 04/22/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new chiral stationary phase (CSP) was developed by bonding isopropyl-carbamate functionalized cyclofructan6 (IP-CF6) to the silica gel. It was evaluated by injecting 119 racemic primary amine-containing compounds. This CSP showed pronounced enantioselectivity toward all types of primary amines, separating 93% of all tested compounds. Baseline separation was achieved even for some simple aliphatic racemic amines that contained no other functionality. The polar organic mode was shown to be the effective mobile phase owing to higher efficiency. This new chiral stationary phase showed great potential for preparative-scale separations. It is also interesting that the chiral selector, R-naphthylethyl-carbamate functionalized CF6 (RN-CF6), was found to provide complementary selectivity for the relatively few amine analytes that did not separate on IP-CF6. Thus between the two CSPs, 98% of attempted amine compounds were separated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0065, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sun P, Wang C, Breitbach ZS, Zhang Y, Armstrong DW. Development of new HPLC chiral stationary phases based on native and derivatized cyclofructans. Anal Chem 2010; 81:10215-26. [PMID: 20000643 DOI: 10.1021/ac902257a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An unusual class of chiral selectors, cyclofructans, is introduced for the first time as bonded chiral stationary phases. Compared to native cyclofructans (CFs), which have rather limited capabilities as chiral selectors, aliphatic- and aromatic-functionalized CF6s possess unique and very different enantiomeric selectivities. Indeed, they are shown to separate a very broad range of racemic compounds. In particular, aliphatic-derivatized CF6s with a low substitution degree baseline separate all tested chiral primary amines. It appears that partial derivatization on the CF6 molecule disrupts the molecular internal hydrogen bonding, thereby making the core of the molecule more accessible. In contrast, highly aromatic-functionalized CF6 stationary phases lose most of the enantioselective capabilities toward primary amines, however they gain broad selectivity for most other types of analytes. This class of stationary phases also demonstrates high "loadability" and therefore has great potential for preparative separations. The variations in enantiomeric selectivity often can be correlated with distinct structural features of the selector. The separations occur predominantly in the presence of organic solvents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
This review focuses on the chromatography research that has been carried out within industry or in close cooperation with industry and that has been reported in the scientific literature between 2006 and mid-2008. Companies in the health care sector, such as pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, are the largest contributors. Industrial research seems to take place in an open environment in cooperation with academia, peer companies, and institutions. Industry appears ready to embrace new technologies as they emerge, but they focus strongly on making chromatography work robustly, reliably, rapidly, and automatically. "Hyphenated" systems that incorporate on-line sample-preparation techniques and mass-spectrometric detection are the rule rather than the exception. Various multidimensional separation methods are finding numerous applications. Strategies aimed at speeding up the development of new chromatographic methods remain the focus of attention. Also, there is a clear trend toward exploring chromatographic methods for parallel processing along with other strategies for high-throughput analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schoenmakers
- Polymer Analysis Group, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jayawardhana DA, Crank JA, Zhao Q, Armstrong DW, Guan X. Nanopore Stochastic Detection of a Liquid Explosive Component and Sensitizers Using Boromycin and an Ionic Liquid Supporting Electrolyte. Anal Chem 2008; 81:460-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ac801877g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dilani A. Jayawardhana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, Texas 76019-0065
| | - Jeffrey A. Crank
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, Texas 76019-0065
| | - Qitao Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, Texas 76019-0065
| | - Daniel W. Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, Texas 76019-0065
| | - Xiyun Guan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, Texas 76019-0065
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lin B, Ng SC, Feng YQ. Chromatographic evaluation and comparison of three β-cyclodextrin-based stationary phases by capillary liquid chromatography and pressure-assisted capillary electrochromatography. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:4045-54. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
15
|
Ema T, Tanida D, Sugita K, Sakai T, Miyazawa KI, Ohnishi A. Chiral Selector with Multiple Hydrogen-Bonding Sites in a Macrocyclic Cavity. Org Lett 2008; 10:2365-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ol800940j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Ema
- Division of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan, CPI Company, Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd., Shinko-cho, Myoko, Niigata 944-8550, Japan, and CPI Company, Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd., Aboshi, Himeji, Hyogo 671-1283, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tanida
- Division of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan, CPI Company, Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd., Shinko-cho, Myoko, Niigata 944-8550, Japan, and CPI Company, Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd., Aboshi, Himeji, Hyogo 671-1283, Japan
| | - Kyoko Sugita
- Division of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan, CPI Company, Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd., Shinko-cho, Myoko, Niigata 944-8550, Japan, and CPI Company, Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd., Aboshi, Himeji, Hyogo 671-1283, Japan
| | - Takashi Sakai
- Division of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan, CPI Company, Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd., Shinko-cho, Myoko, Niigata 944-8550, Japan, and CPI Company, Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd., Aboshi, Himeji, Hyogo 671-1283, Japan
| | - Ken-ichiro Miyazawa
- Division of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan, CPI Company, Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd., Shinko-cho, Myoko, Niigata 944-8550, Japan, and CPI Company, Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd., Aboshi, Himeji, Hyogo 671-1283, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ohnishi
- Division of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan, CPI Company, Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd., Shinko-cho, Myoko, Niigata 944-8550, Japan, and CPI Company, Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd., Aboshi, Himeji, Hyogo 671-1283, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Ward
- Millsaps College 1701 North State Street, Box 150306, Jackson, Mississippi 39210, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Affiliation(s)
- Larry T. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0212
| |
Collapse
|