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The electron transfer kinetics of adsorbed species derived by sampled current voltammetry. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Jedraszko J, Michalak M, Jönsson-Niedziolka M, Nogala W. Hopping mode SECM imaging of redox activity in ionic liquid with glass-coated inlaid platinum nanoelectrodes prepared using a heating coil puller. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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3
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Pardo WA, Mir M, Samitier J. Signal enhancement in ultraflat electrochemical DNA biosensors. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:1905-11. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wilmer A. Pardo
- Nanobioengineering Laboratory; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC); Barcelona Spain
- Department of Electronics; University of Barcelona (UB); Barcelona Spain
| | - Mònica Mir
- Nanobioengineering Laboratory; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC); Barcelona Spain
- The Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering; Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN); Zaragoza Spain
| | - Josep Samitier
- Nanobioengineering Laboratory; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC); Barcelona Spain
- The Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering; Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN); Zaragoza Spain
- Department of Electronics; University of Barcelona (UB); Barcelona Spain
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Droessler JE, Czerwinski KR, Hatchett DW. Electrochemical Measurement of Gold Oxide Reduction and Methods for Acid Neutralization and Minimization of Water in Wet Ionic Liquid. ELECTROANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201400450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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5
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Walsh DA, Ejigu A, Muhammad S, Licence P. The Formation and Role of Oxide Layers on Pt during Hydrazine Oxidation in Protic Ionic Liquids. ChemElectroChem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201300111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Dawson K, Baudequin M, Sassiat N, Quinn AJ, O’Riordan A. Electroanalysis at discrete arrays of gold nanowire electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.09.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Nioradze N, Chen R, Kim J, Shen M, Santhosh P, Amemiya S. Origins of nanoscale damage to glass-sealed platinum electrodes with submicrometer and nanometer size. Anal Chem 2013; 85:6198-202. [PMID: 23763642 DOI: 10.1021/ac401316n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glass-sealed Pt electrodes with submicrometer and nanometer size have been successfully developed and applied for nanoscale electrochemical measurements such as scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). These small electrodes, however, are difficult to work with because they often lose a current response or give a low SECM feedback in current-distance curves. Here we report that these problems can be due to the nanometer-scale damage that is readily and unknowingly made to the small tips in air by electrostatic discharge or in electrolyte solution by electrochemical etching. The damaged Pt electrodes are recessed and contaminated with removed electrode materials to lower their current responses. The recession and contamination of damaged Pt electrodes are demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy. The recessed geometry is noticeable also by SECM but is not obvious from a cyclic voltammogram. Characterization of a damaged Pt electrode with recessed geometry only by cyclic voltammetry may underestimate electrode size from a lower limiting current owing to an invalid assumption of inlaid disk geometry. Significantly, electrostatic damage can be avoided by grounding a Pt electrode and nearby objects, most importantly, an operator as a source of electrostatic charge. Electrochemical damage can be avoided by maintaining potentiostatic control of a Pt electrode without internally disconnecting the electrode from a potentiostat between voltammetric measurements. Damage-free Pt electrodes with submicrometer and nanometer sizes are pivotal for reliable and quantitative nanoelectrochemical measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoloz Nioradze
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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10
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Opportunities and challenges of using ion-selective electrodes in environmental monitoring and wearable sensors. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.04.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kleijn SE, Yanson AI, Koper MT. Electrochemical characterization of nano-sized gold electrodes fabricated by nano-lithography. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2011.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Cornut R, Bhasin A, Lhenry S, Etienne M, Lefrou C. Accurate and Simplified Consideration of the Probe Geometrical Defaults in Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy: Theoretical and Experimental Investigations. Anal Chem 2011; 83:9669-75. [DOI: 10.1021/ac2026018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Cornut
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), UMR 5279 CNRS-Grenoble-INP-UdS-UJF, 1130 rue de la piscine, B.P. 75, Domaine Universitaire, 38402 Saint Martin d’Hères Cedex, France
| | - Amit Bhasin
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), UMR 5279 CNRS-Grenoble-INP-UdS-UJF, 1130 rue de la piscine, B.P. 75, Domaine Universitaire, 38402 Saint Martin d’Hères Cedex, France
| | - Sébastien Lhenry
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l′Environnement (LCPME), UMR 7564, CNRS-Institut Jean Barriol-Nancy-Université, 405 rue de Vandœuvre, 54600 Villers-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Mathieu Etienne
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l′Environnement (LCPME), UMR 7564, CNRS-Institut Jean Barriol-Nancy-Université, 405 rue de Vandœuvre, 54600 Villers-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Christine Lefrou
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), UMR 5279 CNRS-Grenoble-INP-UdS-UJF, 1130 rue de la piscine, B.P. 75, Domaine Universitaire, 38402 Saint Martin d’Hères Cedex, France
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Zhiguo G, Shuping Y, Zaijun L, Xiulan S, Guangli W, Yinjun F, Junkang L. An ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensor for glucose using CdTe-CdS core–shell quantum dot as ultrafast electron transfer relay between graphene-gold nanocomposite and gold nanoparticle. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.07.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Lakbub J, Kady I, Sun P. Formation of a Single Pinhole on Self-Assembled Monolayer Modified Nanometer-Sized Gold Electrode and Its Electrochemical Behaviors. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Dawson K, Strutwolf J, Rodgers KP, Herzog G, Arrigan DWM, Quinn AJ, O'Riordan A. Single nanoskived nanowires for electrochemical applications. Anal Chem 2011; 83:5535-40. [PMID: 21619075 DOI: 10.1021/ac2004086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we fabricate gold nanowires with well controlled critical dimensions using a recently demonstrated facile approach termed nanoskiving. Nanowires are fabricated with lengths of several hundreds of micrometers and are easily electrically contacted using overlay electrodes. Following fabrication, nanowire device performance is assessed using both electrical and electrochemical characterization techniques. We observe low electrical resistances with typical linear Ohmic responses from fully packaged nanowire devices. Steady-state cyclic voltammograms in ferrocenemonocarboxylic acid demonstrate scan rate independence up to 1000 mV s(-1). Electrochemical responses are excellently described by classical Butler-Volmer kinetics, displaying a fast, heterogeneous electron transfer kinetics, k(0) = 2.27 ± 0.02 cm s(-1), α = 0.4 ± 0.01. Direct reduction of hydrogen peroxide is observed at nanowires across the 110 pM to 1 mM concentration range, without the need for chemical modification, demonstrating the potential of these devices for electrochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Dawson
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Lee Maltings, Cork, Ireland
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Nioradze N, Kim J, Amemiya S. Quasi-steady-state voltammetry of rapid electron transfer reactions at the macroscopic substrate of the scanning electrochemical microscope. Anal Chem 2010; 83:828-35. [PMID: 21175129 DOI: 10.1021/ac102352v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report on a novel theory and experiment for scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) to enable quasi-steady-state voltammetry of rapid electron transfer (ET) reactions at macroscopic substrates. With this powerful approach, the substrate potential is cycled widely across the formal potential of a redox couple while the reactant or product of a substrate reaction is amperometrically detected at the tip in the feedback or substrate generation/tip collection mode, respectively. The plot of tip current versus substrate potential features the retraceable sigmoidal shape of a quasi-steady-state voltammogram although a transient voltammogram is obtained at the macroscopic substrate. Finite element simulations reveal that a short tip-substrate distance and a reversible substrate reaction (except under the tip) are required for quasi-steady-state voltammetry. Advantageously, a pair of quasi-steady-state voltammograms is obtained by employing both operation modes to reliably determine all transport, thermodynamic, and kinetic parameters as confirmed experimentally for rapid ET reactions of ferrocenemethanol and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane at a Pt substrate with ∼0.5 μm-radius Pt tips positioned at 90 nm-1 μm distances. Standard ET rate constants of ∼7 cm/s were obtained for the latter mediator as the largest determined for a substrate reaction by SECM. Various potential applications of quasi-steady-state voltammetry are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoloz Nioradze
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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