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Akkol EK, Karatoprak GŞ, Carpar E, Hussain Y, Khan H, Aschner M. Effects of Natural Products on Neuromuscular Junction. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 20:594-610. [PMID: 34561984 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210924092627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular junction (NMJ) disorders result from damage, malfunction or absence of one or more key proteins involved in neuromuscular transmission, comprising a wide range of disorders. The most common pathology is antibody-mediated or downregulation of ion channels or receptors, resulting in Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, myasthenia gravis, and acquired neuromyotonia (Isaac's syndrome), and rarely congenital myasthenic syndromes caused by mutations in NMJ proteins. A wide range of symptomatic treatments, immunomodulating therapies, or immunosuppressive drugs have been used to treat NMJ diseases. Future research must be directed at better understanding of the pathogenesis of these diseases, and developing novel disease-specific treatments. Numerous secondary metabolites, especially alkaloids isolated from plants have been used to treat NMJ diseases in traditional and clinical practices. An ethnopharmacological approach has provided leads for identifying new treatment for NMJ diseases. In this review, we performed a literature survey in Pubmed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar to gather information on drug discovery from plant sources for NMJ disease treatments. To date, most research has focused on the effect of herbal remedies on cholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant activities. This review provides leads for identifying potential new drugs from plant sources for the treatment of NMJ diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Küpeli Akkol
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330, Ankara. Turkey
| | - Gökçe Şeker Karatoprak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri. Turkey
| | - Elif Carpar
- Department of Psychiatry, Private French La Paix Hospital, 34360, Istanbul. Turkey
| | - Yaseen Hussain
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Mardan. Pakistan
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine Forchheimer 209 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
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Analysis of Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Cell Membrane Microarrays of Brain Areas as a Screening Tool to Identify Tissue Specific Inhibitors. ANALYTICA 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/analytica2010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is responsible for hydrolyzing the acetylcholine neurotransmitter, bringing an end point to cholinergic neurotransmission. Thus, AChE is the primary target of a wide spectrum of compounds used as pesticides, nerve agents or therapeutic drugs for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This enzyme is heterogeneously distributed in the brain showing different activity depending on the nervous region. Therefore, the aim of this work is to report a novel technology that enables the simultaneous determination of tissue specific AChE activity, as well as the analysis and screening of specific inhibitors, by using cell membrane microarrays. These microarrays were composed of cell membranes, isolated from 41 tissues, organs and brain areas, that were immobilized over a slide, maintaining the functionality of membrane proteins. To validate this platform, demonstrating its usefulness in drug discovery as a high throughput screening tool, a colorimetric protocol to detect the membrane-bound AChE activity was optimized. Thus, rat cortical and striatal AChE activities were estimated in presence of increased concentrations of AChE inhibitors, and the donepezil effect was assessed simultaneously in 41 tissues and organs, demonstrating the major potential of this microarray’s technology.
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Sin-Yee Law A, Yeung MCL, Yam VWW. A Luminescence Turn-On Assay for Acetylcholinesterase Activity and Inhibitor Screening Based on Supramolecular Self-Assembly of Alkynylplatinum(II) Complexes on Coordination Polymer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:4799-4808. [PMID: 30694047 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b18739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A new approach toward acetylcholinesterase (AChE) detection has been demonstrated based on the electrostatic interactions between anionic alkynylplatinum(II) complex molecules and cationic coordination polymer, together with the spectroscopic and emission characteristics of alkynylplatinum(II) complexes upon supramolecular self-assembly. This process involves strengthening of distinct noncovalent Pt(II)···Pt(II) and π-π stacking interactions, which is evidenced by UV-vis absorption, emission, and resonance light scattering results. Such a method has been applied to AChE inhibitor screening, which is important as the demand for AChE inhibitor assays arises along with the drug development for Alzheimer's disease. It affords an emission turn-on response and operates in a continuous and label-free fashion. The low-energy red emission and large Stokes shift of alkynylplatinum(II) complexes are advantageous to biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Sin-Yee Law
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , People's Republic of China
| | - Margaret Ching-Lam Yeung
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , People's Republic of China
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Speed and throughput are vital ingredients for discovery driven, "-omics" research. The small molecule microarray (SMM) succeeds at delivering phenomenal screening throughput and versatility. The concept at the heart of the technology is elegant, yet simple: by presenting large collections of molecules in high density on a flat surface, one is able to interrogate all possible interactions with desired targets, in just a single step. SMMs have become established as the choice platform for screening, lead discovery, and molecular characterization. This introduction describes the principles governing microarray construction and use, focusing on practical challenges faced when conducting SMM experiments. It will explain the key design considerations and lay the foundation for the chapters that follow. (An earlier version of this chapter appeared in Small Molecule Microarrays: Methods and Protocols, published in 2010.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Uttamchandani
- Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, DMERI, DSO National Laboratories, #09-01, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore, Singapore, 117510. .,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, Singapore, 117543.
| | - Shao Q Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, Singapore, 117543.
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Luan E, Zheng Z, Li X, Gu H, Liu S. Inkjet-assisted layer-by-layer printing of quantum dot/enzyme microarrays for highly sensitive detection of organophosphorous pesticides. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 916:77-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Vandeput M, Parsajoo C, Vanheuverzwijn J, Patris S, Yardim Y, le Jeune A, Sarakbi A, Mertens D, Kauffmann JM. Flow-through enzyme immobilized amperometric detector for the rapid screening of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors by flow injection analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 102:267-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Forsberg EM, Brennan JD. Bio-Solid-Phase Extraction/Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Identification of Bioactive Compounds in Mixtures. Anal Chem 2014; 86:8457-65. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5022166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erica M. Forsberg
- Biointerfaces Institute and Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - John D. Brennan
- Biointerfaces Institute and Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
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Forsberg EM, Sicard C, Brennan JD. Solid-phase biological assays for drug discovery. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2014; 7:337-359. [PMID: 25000820 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071213-020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the past 30 years, there has been a significant growth in the use of solid-phase assays in the area of drug discovery, with a range of new assays being used for both soluble and membrane-bound targets. In this review, we provide some basic background to typical drug targets and immobilization protocols used in solid-phase biological assays (SPBAs) for drug discovery, with emphasis on particularly labile biomolecular targets such as kinases and membrane-bound receptors, and highlight some of the more recent approaches for producing protein microarrays, bioaffinity columns, and other devices that are central to small molecule screening by SPBA. We then discuss key applications of such assays to identify drug leads, with an emphasis on the screening of mixtures. We conclude by highlighting specific advantages and potential disadvantages of SPBAs, particularly as they relate to particular assay formats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica M Forsberg
- Biointerfaces Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada;
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Smith AME, Fortuna J, Forsberg EM, Brennan JD. An automated materials screening approach for the development of sol–gel derived monolithic silica enzyme reactor columns. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra00734d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Smith AME, Brennan JD. Simultaneous inhibition assay for human and microbial kinases via MALDI-MS/MS. Chembiochem 2014; 15:587-94. [PMID: 24478228 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Selective inhibition of one kinase over another is a critical issue in drug development. For antimicrobial development, it is particularly important to selectively inhibit bacterial kinases, which can phosphorylate antimicrobial compounds such as aminoglycosides, without affecting human kinases. Previous work from our group showed the development of a MALDI-MS/MS assay for the detection of small molecule modulators of the bacterial aminoglycoside kinase APH3'IIIa. Herein, we demonstrate the development of an enhanced kinase MALDI-MS/MS assay involving simultaneous assaying of two kinase reactions, one for APH3'IIIa, and the other for human protein kinase A (PKA), which leads to an output that provides direct information on selectivity and mechanism of action. Specificity of the respective enzyme substrates were verified, and the assay was validated through generation of Z'-factors of 0.55 for APH3'IIIa with kanamycin and 0.60 for PKA with kemptide. The assay was used to simultaneously screen a kinase-directed library of mixtures of ten compounds each against both enzymes, leading to the identification of selective inhibitors for each enzyme as well as one non-selective inhibitor following mixture deconvolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marie E Smith
- Biointerfaces Institute and Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8 (Canada), Homepage: brennanlab.ca; biointerfaces.mcmaster.ca
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Nair JJ, Van Staden J. Traditional usage, phytochemistry and pharmacology of the South African medicinal plant Boophone disticha (L.f.) Herb. (Amaryllidaceae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 151:12-26. [PMID: 24211396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Boophone disticha is the most common member of the South African Amaryllidaceae used extensively in traditional medicine of the various indigenous population groups, including the Sotho, Xhosa and Zulu as well as the San. This survey was carried out to identify and highlight areas relevant to the traditional usage of Boophone disticha. Pharmacological aspects were examined with the purpose of reconciling these with the traditional usage of the plant. In relation to phytochemical make-up, particular attention was paid on how its alkaloid constitution might corroborate the various biological effects manifested by the plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information gathering involved the use of four different database platforms, including Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, SciFinder(®) and Scopus. Arrangement and detailing of this information is as reflected in the various sections of the paper. RESULTS Sixteen categories were identified under which Boophone disticha finds use in traditional medicine. These were shown to include general usage purposes, such as 'cultural and dietary', 'well-being', 'personal injury', 'divinatory purposes', 'psychoactive properties' and 'veterinary uses'. Furthermore, traditional usage was seen to involve six body systems, including functions pertaining to the circulatory, gastrointestinal, muscular, neurological, respiratory and urinary systems. The four remaining categories relate to use for inflammatory conditions, cancer, malaria and tuberculosis. Overall, three areas were discernible in which Boophone disticha finds most usage, which are (i) ailments pertaining to the CNS, (ii) wounds and infections, and (iii) inflammatory conditions. In addition, several aspects pertaining to the toxic properties of the plant are discussed, including genotoxicity, mutagenicity and neurotoxicity. CONCLUSION The widespread ethnic usage of Boophone disticha has justified its standing as a flagship for the Amaryllidaceae and its relevance to South African traditional medicine. Furthermore, its promising pharmacological and phytochemical profiles have stimulated significant interest in the clinical realm, especially in the areas of cancer and motor neuron disease chemotherapy. These collective properties should prove useful in steering the progress of the plant towards a wider audience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerald J Nair
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Johannes Van Staden
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa.
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Ge X, Eleftheriou NM, Dahoumane SA, Brennan JD. Sol–Gel-Derived Materials for Production of Pin-Printed Reporter Gene Living-Cell Microarrays. Anal Chem 2013; 85:12108-17. [DOI: 10.1021/ac403220g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ge
- Biointerfaces
Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4L8
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Nikolas M. Eleftheriou
- Biointerfaces
Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4L8
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Si Amar Dahoumane
- Biointerfaces
Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4L8
| | - John D. Brennan
- Biointerfaces
Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4L8
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Helka BJ, Brennan JD. A guided materials screening approach for developing quantitative sol-gel derived protein microarrays. J Vis Exp 2013. [PMID: 24022739 PMCID: PMC3856314 DOI: 10.3791/50689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Microarrays have found use in the development of high-throughput assays for new materials and discovery of small-molecule drug leads. Herein we describe a guided material screening approach to identify sol-gel based materials that are suitable for producing three-dimensional protein microarrays. The approach first identifies materials that can be printed as microarrays, narrows down the number of materials by identifying those that are compatible with a given enzyme assay, and then hones in on optimal materials based on retention of maximum enzyme activity. This approach is applied to develop microarrays suitable for two different enzyme assays, one using acetylcholinesterase and the other using a set of four key kinases involved in cancer. In each case, it was possible to produce microarrays that could be used for quantitative small-molecule screening assays and production of dose-dependent inhibitor response curves. Importantly, the ability to screen many materials produced information on the types of materials that best suited both microarray production and retention of enzyme activity. The materials data provide insight into basic material requirements necessary for tailoring optimal, high-density sol-gel derived microarrays.
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Smith AME, Awuah E, Capretta A, Brennan JD. A matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem mass spectrometry method for direct screening of small molecule mixtures against an aminoglycoside kinase. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 786:103-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Nair JJ, van Staden J. Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition within the Lycorine Series of Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids. Nat Prod Commun 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1200700741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant family Amaryllidaceae occupies a privileged status within the botanical hierarchy due to its horticultural and ornamental appeal, as well as its widespread usage in the traditional medicinal practices of indigenous peoples across the globe. Of greater significance are the unique, structurally-diverse alkaloid constituents produced by members of the family, which has spawned several biologically significant molecules. In this regard, the Alzheimer's drug galanthamine has gained much prominence due to its selective and reversible inhibitory interaction with the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), of significance in the progression of neurodegeneration associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The lycorine series of compounds within the family have recently emerged as novel inhibitors of AChE, in some instances with higher levels of activity compared with the commercial drug galanthamine, making them attractive targets for natural product and synthetically-driven structure-activity relationship studies. This brief survey traces the emergence of lycorine compounds over the past decade as promising leads in the therapeutic approach towards AD and their possible future advancement onto the clinical stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerald J. Nair
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
| | - Johannes van Staden
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
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Kong DH, Jung SH, Lee ST, Kim YM, Ha KS. Monitoring of proteolytic enzyme activity using phase transition-based peptide arrays. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 36:147-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2011] [Revised: 03/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Shen X, Liang F, Zhang G, Zhang D. A new continuous fluorometric assay for acetylcholinesterase activity and inhibitor screening with emissive core–shell silica particles containing tetraphenylethylene fluorophore. Analyst 2012; 137:2119-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an35154d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Jung SH, Kong DH, Park SW, Kim YM, Ha KS. Quantitative kinetics of proteolytic enzymes determined by a surface concentration-based assay using peptide arrays. Analyst 2012; 137:3814-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an35080g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Nair JJ, Aremu AO, van Staden J. Isolation of narciprimine from Cyrtanthus contractus (Amaryllidaceae) and evaluation of its acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 137:1102-1106. [PMID: 21787856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Plants of the family Amaryllidaceae are used widely in traditional medicine in South Africa. Several of these, including representatives of the genus Cyrtanthus find use in the treatment of mental illness and age-related dementia. AIM OF THE STUDY Based on the distribution of central nervous system-activating alkaloidal constituents within the genus Cyrtanthus, Cyrtanthus contractus was here explored for such compounds which could interact with acetylcholinesterase (AChE), of significance in the progression of neurodegeneration associated with Alzheimer's disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS The known phenanthridone alkaloid narciprimine was isolated via column chromatography of the ethanolic extract of bulbs of Cyrtanthus contractus. The structure of the compound was determined by high field 2D NMR and mass spectroscopic techniques. The classical method of Ellman et al. was used in the determination of AChE inhibitory activity. RESULTS The isolation of narciprimine from Cyrtanthus contractus is a landmark find since it has previously only been identified in Zephyranthes, Narcissus and Lycoris, genera endemic to the Americas, Europe and Asia, respectively. Narciprimine exhibited micromolar inhibitory activity (IC(50) 78.9) against the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. CONCLUSION This work represents the first isolation of narciprimine from an African Amaryllidaceae species, which may be of chemotaxonomic significance. The AChE inhibitory activity of narciprimine, taken together with activities of other structurally similar inhibitors within the series affords further insight to the structural details of the lycorine alkaloid acetylcholinesterase inhibitory pharmacophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerald J Nair
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
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Lee JW, Cho EJ. The Concentration-Dependent Distribution of Tris(4,7'-diphenyl-1,10'-phenanthroline) Ruthenium (II) within Sol-Gel-Derived Thin Films. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2011. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2011.32.8.2765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Forsberg EM, Green JRA, Brennan JD. Continuous Flow Immobilized Enzyme Reactor–Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Screening of AChE Inhibitors in Complex Mixtures. Anal Chem 2011; 83:5230-6. [PMID: 21591743 DOI: 10.1021/ac200534t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erica M. Forsberg
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4M1
| | - James R. A. Green
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4M1
| | - John D. Brennan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4M1
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Wu H, Ge J, Uttamchandani M, Yao SQ. Small molecule microarrays: the first decade and beyond. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:5664-5670. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc11464f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Molecular Bits and Chips: Profiling and discovering the next generation of small molecule ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
| | - Jingyan Ge
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
| | - Mahesh Uttamchandani
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
- Department of Biological Sciences
- National University of Singapore
| | - Shao Q. Yao
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
- Department of Biological Sciences
- National University of Singapore
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