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Lee W, Lee T, Kim S, Bae S, Yoon J, Cho K. Descriptive Role of Pt/PtO x Ratio on the Selective Chlorine Evolution Reaction under Polarity Reversal as Studied by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:34093-34101. [PMID: 34270208 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated competing chlorine evolution reaction (ClER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on Pt electrodes under variable polarity reversal intervals (±16.7 mA cm-2, 30-600 s) in the context of distinctive roles of Pt(0) and PtOx on the surface in dilute (0.1 M) NaCl solutions. The substrate generation/tip collection mode of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) quantified the current efficiency (CE) of ClER with a large tip-to-substrate distance (>500 μm) to avoid intervention of bubbles and spatial variations. Surface interrogation SECM using [Ru(NH3)6]2+/3+ coupled with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) identified the Pt4+-enriched surface of PtOx with a bilayer structure to give more efficient regeneration of Pt(0) under the shorter reversal interval. The in situ SECM complemented bulk electrolysis and XPS to demonstrate that ClER on Pt(0) and OER on PtOx primarily determine the CE of ClER, in agreement with a kinetic model. The descriptive role of surface Pt/PtOx ratio rationalized the enhanced selectivity for ClER upon the polarity switching, being independent on a scaling relationship. The current reversal (not allowed to IrO2 electrodes) also alleviated calcareous scale deposit in the electrolyte with hardness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woonghee Lee
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Teayoung Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Kim
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungho Bae
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeyong Yoon
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Korea Environment Institute, 370 Sicheong-daero, Sejong 30147, Republic of Korea
| | - Kangwoo Cho
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology (I-CREATE), Yonsei University International Campus, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
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2
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Raith T, Iffelsberger C, Vatsyayan P, Matysik FM. Impacts of Forced Convection Generated via High Precision Stirring on Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Experiments in Feedback Mode. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timo Raith
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors; University of Regensburg; 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Christian Iffelsberger
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors; University of Regensburg; 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Preety Vatsyayan
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors; University of Regensburg; 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Frank-Michael Matysik
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors; University of Regensburg; 93053 Regensburg Germany
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3
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Development and characterization of electrochemical flow cells for hydrodynamic scanning electrochemical microscopy. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-018-2201-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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4
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Advances and Perspectives in Chemical Imaging in Cellular Environments Using Electrochemical Methods. CHEMOSENSORS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors6020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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5
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Sundaresan V, Marchuk K, Yu Y, Titus EJ, Wilson AJ, Armstrong CM, Zhang B, Willets KA. Visualizing and Calculating Tip–Substrate Distance in Nanoscale Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Using 3-Dimensional Super-Resolution Optical Imaging. Anal Chem 2016; 89:922-928. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Sundaresan
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Kyle Marchuk
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Yun Yu
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Eric J. Titus
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Andrew J. Wilson
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Chadd M. Armstrong
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Katherine A. Willets
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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6
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Adam C, Kanoufi F, Sojic N, Etienne M. Shearforce positioning of nanoprobe electrode arrays for scanning electrochemical microscopy experiments. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.04.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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7
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Kuss S, Trinh D, Danis L, Mauzeroll J. High-Speed Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Method for Substrate Kinetic Determination: Method and Theory. Anal Chem 2015; 87:8096-101. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Kuss
- McGill University, Chemistry Department, 801 Sherbrooke Street W., Montreal, Québec H3A 2A7, Canada
| | - Dao Trinh
- Université de la Rochelle, Laboratoire des Sciences
de l’Ingénieur Pour l’Environnement, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Laurence Danis
- McGill University, Chemistry Department, 801 Sherbrooke Street W., Montreal, Québec H3A 2A7, Canada
| | - Janine Mauzeroll
- McGill University, Chemistry Department, 801 Sherbrooke Street W., Montreal, Québec H3A 2A7, Canada
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8
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Imaging a Single Living Cell via Shear Force-based Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy in Standing Approach Mode with Differential Control. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.05.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Dickinson EJ, Ekström H, Fontes E. COMSOL Multiphysics®: Finite element software for electrochemical analysis. A mini-review. Electrochem commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2013.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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10
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Kranz C. Recent advancements in nanoelectrodes and nanopipettes used in combined scanning electrochemical microscopy techniques. Analyst 2014; 139:336-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an01651j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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11
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Lesch A, Chen PC, Roelfs F, Dosche C, Momotenko D, Cortés-Salazar F, Girault HH, Wittstock G. Finger Probe Array for Topography-Tolerant Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy of Extended Samples. Anal Chem 2013; 86:713-20. [DOI: 10.1021/ac403168p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Lesch
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, School of Mathematics
and Natural Sciences, Center of Interface Science, Department
of Chemistry, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Laboratoire
d’Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Po-Chung Chen
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, School of Mathematics
and Natural Sciences, Center of Interface Science, Department
of Chemistry, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Folkert Roelfs
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, School of Mathematics
and Natural Sciences, Center of Interface Science, Department
of Chemistry, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Dosche
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, School of Mathematics
and Natural Sciences, Center of Interface Science, Department
of Chemistry, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Dmitry Momotenko
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Laboratoire
d’Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fernando Cortés-Salazar
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Laboratoire
d’Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hubert H. Girault
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Laboratoire
d’Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gunther Wittstock
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, School of Mathematics
and Natural Sciences, Center of Interface Science, Department
of Chemistry, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
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12
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High-throughput scanning electrochemical microscopy brushing of strongly tilted and curved surfaces. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.03.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Kuss S, Kuss C, Trinh D, Schougaard SB, Mauzeroll J. Forced convection during scanning electrochemical microscopy imaging over living cells: Effect of topographies and kinetics on the microelectrode current. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.03.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Krouk G, Lingeman J, Colon AM, Coruzzi G, Shasha D. Gene regulatory networks in plants: learning causality from time and perturbation. Genome Biol 2013; 14:123. [PMID: 23805876 PMCID: PMC3707030 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2013-14-6-123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of systems biology is to generate models for predicting how a system will react under untested conditions or in response to genetic perturbations. This paper discusses experimental and analytical approaches to deriving causal relationships in gene regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Krouk
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (UMR 5004 CNRS-INRA-SupAgro-UM2), Institut Claude Grignon, Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 1, France
| | - Jesse Lingeman
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Amy Marshall Colon
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, 12 Waverly Place, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Gloria Coruzzi
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, 12 Waverly Place, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Dennis Shasha
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
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Lazenby RA, McKelvey K, Unwin PR. Hopping intermittent contact-scanning electrochemical microscopy (HIC-SECM): visualizing interfacial reactions and fluxes from surfaces to bulk solution. Anal Chem 2013; 85:2937-44. [PMID: 23373422 DOI: 10.1021/ac303642p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hopping intermittent contact-scanning electrochemical microscopy (HIC-SECM) is introduced as a powerful new technique for the quantitative visualization of redox activity and concentration at and above a surface of interest. HIC-SECM combines a hopping imaging mode, in which data are acquired at a tip as a function of distance (z) from the surface, at a series of x, y pixels across the surface, using the principles of intermittent contact to provide a nonelectrochemical means of determining when the tip and the substrate come into contact. The implementation of HIC-SECM is described, and SECM feedback measurements in three-dimensional (3D) space over a gold band array are presented. To demonstrate the generality of the methodology, flux imaging is also carried out over a Pt-disk ultramicroelectrode (UME) in the feedback mode and substrate generation/tip collection mode. The type of information that can be extracted from the data sets acquired include x-y current maps at a well-defined tip-substrate separation (parallel to the surface), x-z current maps (normal to the surface), 3D x-y-z profiles, approach curves at particular spots on the surface of interest, and surface topography. Moreover, because HIC-SECM utilizes an oscillating probe, alternating current data are also obtained that greatly enhances the information content compared to other types of electrochemical imaging. Furthermore, interfacial fluxes are ubiquitous in chemistry and allied areas, and HIC-SECM opens up the possibility of detailed flux visualization in three dimensions for many physicochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Lazenby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK CV4 7AL
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17
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Wang Y, Kececi K, Velmurugan J, Mirkin MV. Electron transfer/ion transfer mode of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM): a new tool for imaging and kinetic studies. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc50825k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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18
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Cornut R, Poirier S, Mauzeroll J. Forced convection during feedback approach curve measurements in scanning electrochemical microscopy: maximal displacement velocity with a microdisk. Anal Chem 2012; 84:3531-7. [PMID: 22385037 DOI: 10.1021/ac203047d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), an approach curve performed in feedback mode involves the downward displacement of a microelectrode toward a substrate while applying a bias to detect dissolved electroactive species at a diffusion-limited rate. The resulting measured current is said to be at steady state. In order to reduce the required measurement time, the approach velocity can be increased. In this paper, we investigate experimentally and theoretically the combination of diffusion and convection processes related to a moving microdisk electrode during feedback approaches. Transient modeling and numerical simulations with moving boundaries are performed, and the results are compared to the experimental approach curves obtained in aqueous solution. The geometry and misalignment of the microelectrode influence the experimental approach curves recorded at high approach velocities. The effects are discussed through the decomposition of the current into transient diffusional, radial convectional, and axial convectional contributions. Finally a ready-to-use expression is provided to rapidly evaluate the maximal approach velocity for steady state measurements as a function of the microelectrode geometry and the physical properties of the media. This expression holds for the more restrictive case of negative feedback as well as other modes, such as SECM approach curves performed at substrates displaying first order kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cornut
- Department of Chemistry, NanoQAM Research Centre, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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19
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McKelvey K, Snowden ME, Peruffo M, Unwin PR. Quantitative Visualization of Molecular Transport through Porous Membranes: Enhanced Resolution and Contrast Using Intermittent Contact-Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. Anal Chem 2011; 83:6447-54. [DOI: 10.1021/ac201489c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kim McKelvey
- MOAC Doctoral Training Centre and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K. CV4 7AL
| | - Michael E. Snowden
- MOAC Doctoral Training Centre and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K. CV4 7AL
| | - Massimo Peruffo
- MOAC Doctoral Training Centre and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K. CV4 7AL
| | - Patrick R. Unwin
- MOAC Doctoral Training Centre and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K. CV4 7AL
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20
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Mirkin MV, Nogala W, Velmurugan J, Wang Y. Scanning electrochemical microscopy in the 21st century. Update 1: five years after. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:21196-212. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp22376c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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