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Li H, Cai Q, Yan X, Jie G. Target-switchable DNA hydrogels coupled with a Bi 2Sn 2O 7/Bi 2S 3 heterojunction based on in situ anion exchange for the "signal-on" photoelectrochemical detection of DNA. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:7678-7684. [PMID: 33928980 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr00573a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a novel photoelectrochemical (PEC) "signal-on" biosensor based on a Bi2Sn2O7/Bi2S3 heterojunctioncoupled with target-switchable DNA hydrogels is reported for the ultrasensitive detection of P53 gene DNA. For the first time, sulfide ions are discovered to display an excellent PEC sensitization effect on Bi2Sn2O7 material by forming the Bi2Sn2O7/Bi2S3 heterojunction. The sensitization amplitude increased by 63 times, and the photocurrent polarity switched from cathodic to anodic. When the target DNA-induced-cycling amplification process produced a mass of product chains (PD), PD was introduced into the target-switchable DNA hydrogels to quantitatively release sulfide ions, which were further introduced to the Bi2Sn2O7-modified PEC platform and resulted in an enormous enhancement of the PEC signal due to the significant sensitization effect of sulfide ions on Bi2Sn2O7via an anion-exchange reaction. The corresponding PEC signal change of the Bi2Sn2O7/Bi2S3 platform was used for the detection of target DNA. This biosensing strategy opens up a novel sulfide ion-sensitized PEC platform and exhibits excellent analytical performance with a wide linear range (100 fM-10 nM), which has broad application prospects in bioanalysis and clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkun Li
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis; Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China.
| | - Qianqian Cai
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis; Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China.
| | - Xiaoshi Yan
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis; Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China.
| | - Guifen Jie
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis; Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China.
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2
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Sar D, Kim B, Ostadhossein F, Misra SK, Pan D. Revisiting Polyarenes and Related Molecules: An Update of Synthetic Approaches and Structure-Activity-Mechanistic Correlation for Carcinogenesis. CHEM REC 2018; 18:619-658. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201700110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dinabandhu Sar
- Department of Bioengineering; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Biomedical Research Center, Office 3304; 3rd Floor, Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital; 502 N. Busey Urbana IL 61801 USA
- Mills Breast Cancer Institute and Carle Foundation Hospital; 502 North Busey Urbana, Illinois 61801 USA
| | | | - Fatemeh Ostadhossein
- Department of Bioengineering; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Biomedical Research Center, Office 3304; 3rd Floor, Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital; 502 N. Busey Urbana IL 61801 USA
- Mills Breast Cancer Institute and Carle Foundation Hospital; 502 North Busey Urbana, Illinois 61801 USA
| | - Santosh K. Misra
- Department of Bioengineering; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Biomedical Research Center, Office 3304; 3rd Floor, Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital; 502 N. Busey Urbana IL 61801 USA
- Mills Breast Cancer Institute and Carle Foundation Hospital; 502 North Busey Urbana, Illinois 61801 USA
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Department of Bioengineering; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Biomedical Research Center, Office 3304; 3rd Floor, Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital; 502 N. Busey Urbana IL 61801 USA
- Mills Breast Cancer Institute and Carle Foundation Hospital; 502 North Busey Urbana, Illinois 61801 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois; 61801 USA
- Beckman Institute; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana, Illinois 61801 USA
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3
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Trumbo-White CM, Hvastkovs EG. Electrochemical Assessment of Sequence Selective DNA Damage from Myoglogin and Cytochrome P450 Bioactivated Benzo[ a]pyrene at TP53 Oligomers. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eli G. Hvastkovs
- Department of Chemistry; East Carolina University; Greenville, NC
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4
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Abstract
Routine in vitro bioassays and animal toxicity studies of drug and environmental chemical candidates fail to reveal toxicity in ∼30% of cases. This Feature article addresses research on new approaches to in vitro toxicity testing as well as our own efforts to produce high-throughput genotoxicity arrays and LC-MS/MS approaches to reveal possible chemical pathways of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli G. Hvastkovs
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University Greenville, North Carolina 27858, United States
| | - James F. Rusling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
- Department of Surgery and Neag Cancer Center, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06032, United States
- Institute of Material Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland at Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Electrochemical Detection of Alginate Penetration in Immobilized Layer-by-Layer Films by Unnatural Amino Acid Containing Antimicrobial Peptides. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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6
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Malla S, Kadimisetty K, Fu YJ, Choudhary D, Jansson I, Schenkman JB, Rusling JF. CHEMICAL SELECTIVITY OF NUCLEOBASE ADDUCTION RELATIVE TO IN VIVO MUTATION SITES ON EXON 7 FRAGMENT OF P53 TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE. Chem Sci 2015; 6:5554-5563. [PMID: 26417421 PMCID: PMC4583204 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc01403d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Damage to p53 tumor suppressor gene is found in half of all human cancers. Databases integrating studies of large numbers of tumors and cancer cell cultures show that mutation sites of specific p53 codons are correlated with specific types of cancers. If the most frequently damaged p53 codons in vivo correlate with the most frequent chemical damage sites in vitro, predictions of organ-specific cancer risks might result. Herein, we describe LC-MS/MS methodology to reveal codons with metabolite-adducted nucleobases by LC-MS/MS for oligonucleotides longer than 20 base pairs. Specifically, we used a known carcinogen, benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE) to determine the most frequently adducted nucleobases within codons. We used a known sequence of 32 base pairs (bp) representing part of p53 exon 7 with 5 possible reactive hot spots. This is the first nucleobase reactivity study of a double stranded DNA p53 fragment featuring more than 20 base pairs with multiple reactive sites. We reacted the 32 bp fragment with benzo[a]pyrene metabolite BPDE that undergoes nucleophilic substitution by DNA bases. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used for sequencing of oligonucleotide products from the reacted 32 bp fragment after fragmentation by a restriction endonuclease. Analysis of the adducted p53 fragment compared with unreacted fragment revealed guanines of codons 248 and 244 as most frequently targeted, which are also mutated with high frequency in human tumors. Codon 248 is mutated in non-small cell and small cell lung, head and neck, colorectal and skin cancer, while codon 244 is mutated in small cell lung cancer, all of which involve possible BDPE exposure. Results suggest the utility of this approach for screening of adducted p53 gene by drugs and environmental chemicals to predict risks for organ specific cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spundana Malla
- Department of Chemistry , University of Connecticut , Storrs , CT 06269 , USA .
| | - Karteek Kadimisetty
- Department of Chemistry , University of Connecticut , Storrs , CT 06269 , USA .
| | - You-Jun Fu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Connecticut , Storrs , CT 06269 , USA .
| | - Dharamainder Choudhary
- Department of Surgery , University of Connecticut Health Center , Farmington , CT 06032 , USA
| | - Ingela Jansson
- Department of Cell Biology , University of Connecticut Health Center , Farmington , CT 06032 , USA
| | - John B. Schenkman
- Department of Cell Biology , University of Connecticut Health Center , Farmington , CT 06032 , USA
| | - James F. Rusling
- Department of Chemistry , University of Connecticut , Storrs , CT 06269 , USA .
- Department of Cell Biology , University of Connecticut Health Center , Farmington , CT 06032 , USA
- Institute of Material Science , University of Connecticut , Storrs , CT 06269 , USA
- School of Chemistry , National University of Ireland at Galway , Ireland
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7
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Campos R, Kotlyar A, Ferapontova EE. DNA-mediated electron transfer in DNA duplexes tethered to gold electrodes via phosphorothioated dA tags. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:11853-11857. [PMID: 25267302 DOI: 10.1021/la502766g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of DNA-based bioelectronic devices strongly depends on the way DNA molecules are linked to the electronic component. Commonly, DNA is tethered to metal electrodes via an alkanethiol linker representing an additional barrier for electron transport. Here we demonstrate that the replacement of the alkanethiol linker for a phosphorothioated adenosine tag increases the rate of DNA-mediated electron transfer (ET) up to 259 s(-1), representing the highest hitherto reported rate of electrochemically-modulated ET, and improves the stability of DNA-electrode surface binding. Both results offer pronounced technological and scientific benefits for DNA-based electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Campos
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and ‡Center for DNA Nanotechnology (CDNA) at iNANO, Science and Technology, Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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8
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Huffnagle IM, Joyner A, Rumble B, Hysa S, Rudel D, Hvastkovs EG. Dual electrochemical and physiological apoptosis assay detection of in vivo generated nickel chloride induced DNA damage in Caenorhabditis elegans. Anal Chem 2014; 86:8418-24. [PMID: 25048399 DOI: 10.1021/ac502007g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Environmental nickel exposure is known to cause allergic reactions, respiratory illness, and may be responsible for some forms of cancer in humans. Nematodes are an excellent model organism to test for environmental toxins, as they are prevalent in many different environments. Nickel exposure has previously been shown to impact nematode life processes. In this study, Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes exposed to NiCl2 featured high levels of programmed cell death (PCD) in a concentration-dependent manner as measured by counting apoptotic corpses in the nematode germ line. A green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter transgene was used that highlights cell corpse engulfment by fluorescence microscopy. Analysis of the reporter in a p53 mutant strain putatively indicates that the PCDs are a result of genomic DNA damage. In order to assay the potential genotoxic actions of NiCl2, DNA was extracted from nematodes exposed to increasing concentrations of NiCl2 and electrochemically assayed. In vivo damaged DNA was immobilized on pyrolytic graphite electrodes using the layer-by-layer (LbL) technique. Square-wave voltammograms were obtained in the presence of redox mediator, ruthenium trisbipyridine (Ru(bpy)3(2+)), that catalytically oxidizes guanines in DNA. Oxidative peak currents were shown to increase as a function of NiCl2 exposure, which further suggests that the extracted DNA from nematodes exposed to the nickel was damaged. This report demonstrates that our electrochemical biosensor can detect damage at lower Ni concentrations than our physiological PCD assay and that the results are predictive of physiological responses at higher concentrations. Thus, a biological model for toxicity and animal disease can be assayed using an electrochemical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Huffnagle
- Department of Biology, and ‡Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University , Greenville, North Carolina 27858, United States
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9
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Liang G, Li X, Liu X. Electrochemical detection of 9-hydroxyfluorene based on the direct interaction with hairpin DNA. Analyst 2014; 138:1032-7. [PMID: 23254141 DOI: 10.1039/c2an36255d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The direct interaction of hairpin DNA with 9-hydroxyfluorene (9-OHFLU) through hydrogen bonds was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), UV-Vis spectroscopy and (1)H NMR spectra. Based on these results, an electrochemical hairpin DNA sensor was developed for the detection of 9-OHFLU by EIS. Upon 9-OHFLU interacting with hairpin DNA film on the gold electrodes, the charge transfer resistance (R(CT)) of the hairpin DNA film was significantly increased and remained constant after 30 min. Depending on the difference in charge transfer resistance (ΔR(CT)) before and after 9-OHFLU interaction with the hairpin DNA, 9-OHFLU could be detected with a concentration as low as 1 nM. However, only a much smaller ΔR(CT) appeared when eight selected hydroxyl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HO-PAHs) interacted with the hairpin DNA for 30 min, which demonstrated that 9-OHFLU could be discriminated from other HO-PAHs by EIS. The performance of the sensor in real lake water sample was further explored for the detection of 9-OHFLU with the detection limit of 4 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment and College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China 100875
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10
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Label-free and rapid colorimetric detection of DNA damage based on self-assembly of a hemin-graphene nanocomposite. Mikrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-014-1245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Wei W, Zhang DM, Yin LH, Pu YP, Liu SQ. Colorimetric detection of DNA damage by using hemin-graphene nanocomposites. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 106:163-169. [PMID: 23376271 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.12.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A colorimetric method for detection of DNA damage was developed by using hemin-graphene nanosheets (H-GNs). H-GNs were skillfully synthesized by adsorping of hemin on graphene through π-π interactions. The as-prepared H-GNs possessed both the ability of graphene to differentiate the damage DNA from intact DNA and the catalytic action of hemin. The damaged DNA made H-GNs coagulated to different degrees from the intact DNA because there were different amount of negative charge exposed on their surface, which made a great impact on the solubility of H-GNs. As a result, the corresponding centrifugal supernatant of H-GNs solution showed different color in the presence of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and H2O2, which could be discriminated by naked eyes or by ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectrometer. Based on this, the damaged effects of styrene oxide (SO), NaAsO2 and UV radiation on DNA were studied. Results showed that SO exerted most serious damage effect on DNA although all of them damaged DNA seriously. The new method for detection of DNA damage showed good prospect in the evaluation of genotoxicity of new compounds, the maximum limit of pesticide residue, food additives, and so on, which is important in the fields of food science, pharmaceutical science and pesticide science.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Wei
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu Province, PR China
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12
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Satterwhite JE, Trumbo CM, Danell AS, Hvastkovs EG. Electrochemical study on the effects of epigenetic cytosine methylation on anti-benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide damage at TP53 oligomers. Anal Chem 2013; 85:1183-91. [PMID: 23244159 DOI: 10.1021/ac303077h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Anti-benzo[a]pyrene-r-7,t-8-dihydrodiol-t-9,10-epoxide (anti-BPDE) is a known carcinogen that damages DNA, and this damage is influenced by the DNA sequence and epigenetic factors. The influence of epigenetic cytosine methylation on the reaction with anti-BPDE at a known hotspot DNA damage site was studied electrochemically. Gold electrodes were modified with thiolated DNA oligomers spanning codons 270-276 of the TP53 gene. The oligomers exhibited 5-carbon cytosine methylation at the codon 273 location on the bound probe, the acquired complementary target, or both. Redox active diviologen compounds of the form C(12)H(25)V(2+)C(6)H(12)V(2+)C(12)H(25) (V(2+) = 4,4'-bipyridyl or viologen, C12-Viologen) were employed to detect anti-BPDE damage to DNA. DNA was exposed to racemic (±)- or enantiomerically pure (+)-anti-BPDE solutions followed by electrochemical interrogation in the presence of C12-Viologen. Background subtracted square wave voltammograms (SWV) showed the appearance of two peaks at approximately -0.38 V and -0.55 V vs Ag/AgCl upon anti-BPDE exposure. The acquired voltammetry is consistent with singly reduced C12-Viologen dimers bound at two different DNA environments, which arise from BPDE damage and are influenced by cytosine methylation and BPDE stereochemical considerations. UV spectroscopic and mass spectrometric methods employed to validate the electrochemical responses showed that (+)-anti-BPDE primarily adopts a minor groove bound orientation within the oligomers while selectively targeting the nontranscribed ssDNA sequence within the duplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Satterwhite
- East Carolina University, Department of Chemistry, 300 Science and Technology Building, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, USA
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Farjami E, Campos R, Ferapontova EE. Effect of the DNA end of tethering to electrodes on electron transfer in methylene blue-labeled DNA duplexes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:16218-16226. [PMID: 23106377 DOI: 10.1021/la3032336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Electron transfer (ET) in redox-labeled double-stranded (ds) DNA tethered to electrodes through the alkanethiol linker at either the 3' or 5' DNA end and bearing methylene blue (MB) conjugated to the opposite end of DNA is shown to depend on the DNA end of tethering to electrodes. For 3' tethering, a nanoscale diffusion of the positively charged MB redox probe (and thus of the individual DNA molecules) to the negatively charged electrode surface provided the highest apparent diffusion and ET rates as a result of the tilting of 3'-tethered DNA (as compared to 5'-tethered DNA) versus the normal to the surface. Dynamic values of the tilting angle varied between 57 and 45° for 16-mer and 22-mer 3'-tethered DNA, and 5'-tethering was correlated with an upright orientation of DNA at the electrode surface. The values of the diffusion coefficient D(MB) corrected for tilting angles were similar for 5'- and 3'-tethered DNA and ranged between 5.4 × 10(-12) and 2.5 × 10(-12) cm(2) s(-1), whereas the ET rate constant k(ET)(dif) fit the 4.7 × 10(-6)-10.3 × 10(-6) cm s(-1) range for 22-mer and 16-mer dsDNA, respectively. Those values, when related to the nanometer (10(-7) cm) diffusion distances (the length of the studied DNA), allow relatively fast diffusion-limited ET at an apparent rate that may exceed the rate of the corresponding surface-confined ET process. This phenomenon is of particular importance for molecular electronics and electrochemical genosensor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Farjami
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Highly sensitive and quantitative profiling of acidic phytohormones using derivatization approach coupled with nano-LC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS analysis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 905:67-74. [PMID: 22917596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In current study, we developed a highly sensitive method for the quantitative profiling of acidic phytohormones. Tandem solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) was employed to efficiently purify acidic phytohormones, which were further derived by 3-bromoactonyltrimethylammonium bromide (BTA) to increase the ionization efficiency in electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry detection. Additionally, fifteen BTA-derived acidic phytohormones, including ten gibberellins (GAs), were well separated with a salt gradient on poly(methacrylic acid-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (MAA-co-EDMA) monolithic column. By employing online trapping system, the signal intensities of the analytes were significantly improved. The limits of detection (LODs, Signal/Noise=3) of targeted phytohormones ranged from 1.05 to 122.4 pg/mL, which allowed the highly sensitive determination of low abundant acidic phytohormones with tiny amount plant sample. Good reproducibility was obtained by evaluating the intra- and inter-day precisions with relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 10.9 and 11.9%, respectively. Recoveries of the target analytes from spiked rice leave samples ranged from 88.3 to 104.3%. By employing the method developed here, we were able to simultaneously determine 11 endogenous acidic phytohormones from only 5mg of rice leave sample, which dramatically decreased the required sample amount (three orders of magnitude lower) for the profiling of low abundant acidic phytohormones compared to previous reports. Taken together, the method provided a good solution for the highly sensitive and quantitative profiling of endogenous acidic phytohormones.
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Hvastkovs EG, Schenkman JB, Rusling JF. Metabolic toxicity screening using electrochemiluminescence arrays coupled with enzyme-DNA biocolloid reactors and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2012; 5:79-105. [PMID: 22482786 PMCID: PMC3399491 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.anchem.111808.073659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
New chemicals or drugs must be guaranteed safe before they can be marketed. Despite widespread use of bioassay panels for toxicity prediction, products that are toxic to a subset of the population often are not identified until clinical trials. This article reviews new array methodologies based on enzyme/DNA films that form and identify DNA-reactive metabolites that are indicators of potentially genotoxic species. This molecularly based methodology is designed in a rapid screening array that utilizes electrochemiluminescence (ECL) to detect metabolite-DNA reactions, as well as biocolloid reactors that provide the DNA adducts and metabolites for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. ECL arrays provide rapid toxicity screening, and the biocolloid reactor LC-MS approach provides a valuable follow-up on structure, identification, and formation rates of DNA adducts for toxicity hits from the ECL array screening. Specific examples using this strategy are discussed. Integration of high-throughput versions of these toxicity-screening methods with existing drug toxicity bioassays should allow for better human toxicity prediction as well as more informed decision making regarding new chemical and drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli G. Hvastkovs
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858;
| | - John B. Schenkman
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06269;
| | - James F. Rusling
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06269;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269;
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