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Duda JM, Thomas SN. Combination of Stable Isotope Labeling by Amino Acids in Cell Culture (SILAC) and Substrate Trapping for the Detection of Transient Protein Interactions. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2603:219-234. [PMID: 36370283 PMCID: PMC10567058 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2863-8_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-based affinity purification is a recognized method for use in studying protein-protein interactions. There are four different classes of proteins that are typically identified with such affinity purification workflows: bait protein, proteins that specifically interact with the bait protein, proteins nonspecifically associated with the antibody, and proteins that cross-react with the antibody. Mass spectrometry can be used to differentiate these classes of proteins in affinity-purified mixtures. Here we describe the use of stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture, substrate trapping, and mass spectrometry to enable the objective identification of the components of affinity-purified protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolene M Duda
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota College of Biological Sciences, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Stefani N Thomas
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Song P, Kwon Y, Joo JY, Kim DG, Yoon JH. Secretomics to Discover Regulators in Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163893. [PMID: 31405033 PMCID: PMC6720857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretory proteins play important roles in the cross-talk of individual functional units, including cells. Since secretory proteins are essential for signal transduction, they are closely related with disease development, including metabolic and neural diseases. In metabolic diseases, adipokines, myokines, and hepatokines are secreted from respective organs under specific environmental conditions, and play roles in glucose homeostasis, angiogenesis, and inflammation. In neural diseases, astrocytes and microglia cells secrete cytokines and chemokines that play roles in neurotoxic and neuroprotective responses. Mass spectrometry-based secretome profiling is a powerful strategy to identify and characterize secretory proteins. This strategy involves stepwise processes such as the collection of conditioned medium (CM) containing secretome proteins and concentration of the CM, peptide preparation, mass analysis, database search, and filtering of secretory proteins; each step requires certain conditions to obtain reliable results. Proteomic analysis of extracellular vesicles has become a new research focus for understanding the additional extracellular functions of intracellular proteins. Here, we provide a review of the insights obtained from secretome analyses with regard to disease mechanisms, and highlight the future prospects of this technology. Continued research in this field is expected to provide valuable information on cell-to-cell communication and uncover new pathological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parkyong Song
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Yonghoon Kwon
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Jae-Yeol Joo
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Do-Geun Kim
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Jong Hyuk Yoon
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Korea.
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Toonstra C, Hu Y, Zhang H. Deciphering the Roles of N-Glycans on Collagen-Platelet Interactions. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:2467-2477. [PMID: 31055923 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Collagen is a potent agonist for platelet activation, presenting itself as a key contributor to coagulation via interactions with platelet glycoproteins. The fine details dictating platelet-collagen interactions are poorly understood. In particular, glycosylation could be a key determinant in the platelet-collagen interaction. Here, we report an affinity purification coupled to a mass spectrometry-based approach to elucidate the function of N-glycans in dictating platelet-collagen interactions. By integrative proteomic and glycoproteomic analysis of collagen-platelet interactive proteins with N-glycan manipulation, we demonstrate that the interaction of platelet adhesive receptors with collagen is highly N-glycan regulated, with glycans on many receptors playing positive roles in collagen binding, with glycans on other platelet glycoproteins exhibiting inhibitory roles on the binding to collagen. Our results significantly enhance our understanding of the details of glycans influencing the platelet-collagen interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Toonstra
- Department of Pathology , Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , 400 N Broadway , Baltimore , Maryland 21287 , United States
| | - Yingwei Hu
- Department of Pathology , Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , 400 N Broadway , Baltimore , Maryland 21287 , United States
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology , Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , 400 N Broadway , Baltimore , Maryland 21287 , United States
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Tissue Extracts for Quantitative Mass Spectrometry of Planarian Proteins Using SILAC. Methods Mol Biol 2018. [PMID: 29916177 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7802-1_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
SILAC (stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture) proteomics enables the relative quantification of proteins in one or more biological samples by mass spectrometry. This technology is based on the metabolic incorporation of heavy isotope-labeled essential amino acids into nascent proteins in vivo. Here, we describe the preparation of SILAC protein samples from planarians, flatworms with high regenerative potential and tissue plasticity. Applications for SILAC proteomics of planarians include the analysis of protein abundances, protein-protein interactions and turnover rates during stem cell-based regeneration and tissue homeostasis.
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Thomas SN, Liao Z, Clark D, Chen Y, Samadani R, Mao L, Ann DK, Baulch JE, Shapiro P, Yang AJ. Exosomal Proteome Profiling: A Potential Multi-Marker Cellular Phenotyping Tool to Characterize Hypoxia-Induced Radiation Resistance in Breast Cancer. Proteomes 2013; 1:87-108. [PMID: 24860738 PMCID: PMC4029595 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes1020087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation and drug resistance are significant challenges in the treatment of locally advanced, recurrent and metastatic breast cancer that contribute to mortality. Clinically, radiotherapy requires oxygen to generate cytotoxic free radicals that cause DNA damage and allow that damage to become fixed in the genome rather than repaired. However, approximately 40% of all breast cancers have hypoxic tumor microenvironments that render cancer cells significantly more resistant to irradiation. Hypoxic stimuli trigger changes in the cell death/survival pathway that lead to increased cellular radiation resistance. As a result, the development of noninvasive strategies to assess tumor hypoxia in breast cancer has recently received considerable attention. Exosomes are secreted nanovesicles that have roles in paracrine signaling during breast tumor progression, including tumor-stromal interactions, activation of proliferative pathways and immunosuppression. The recent development of protocols to isolate and purify exosomes, as well as advances in mass spectrometry-based proteomics have facilitated the comprehensive analysis of exosome content and function. Using these tools, studies have demonstrated that the proteome profiles of tumor-derived exosomes are indicative of the oxygenation status of patient tumors. They have also demonstrated that exosome signaling pathways are potentially targetable drivers of hypoxia-dependent intercellular signaling during tumorigenesis. This article provides an overview of how proteomic tools can be effectively used to characterize exosomes and elucidate fundamental signaling pathways and survival mechanisms underlying hypoxia-mediated radiation resistance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefani N Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | | | - David Clark
- Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (D.C.); (Y.C.); (P.S.) ; Division of Oncology, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Yangyi Chen
- Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (D.C.); (Y.C.); (P.S.)
| | - Ramin Samadani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Li Mao
- Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - David K Ann
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; ; Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Janet E Baulch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
| | - Paul Shapiro
- Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (D.C.); (Y.C.); (P.S.) ; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Austin J Yang
- Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (D.C.); (Y.C.); (P.S.) ; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Kean MJ, Couzens AL, Gingras AC. Mass spectrometry approaches to study mammalian kinase and phosphatase associated proteins. Methods 2012; 57:400-8. [PMID: 22710030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversible phosphorylation events regulate critical aspects of cellular biology by affecting protein conformation, cellular localization, enzymatic activity and associations with interaction partners. Kinases and phosphatases interact not only with their substrates but also with regulatory subunits and other proteins, including scaffolds. In recent years, affinity purification coupled to mass spectrometry (AP-MS) has proven to be a powerful tool to identify protein-protein interactions (PPIs) involving kinases and phosphatases. In this review we outline general considerations for successful AP-MS, and describe strategies that we have used to characterize the interactions of kinases and phosphatases in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle J Kean
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Ave., Rm 992, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X5
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Liao Z, Wan Y, Thomas SN, Yang AJ. IsoQuant: a software tool for stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture-based mass spectrometry quantitation. Anal Chem 2012; 84:4535-43. [PMID: 22519468 DOI: 10.1021/ac300510t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Accurate protein identification and quantitation are critical when interpreting the biological relevance of large-scale shotgun proteomics data sets. Although significant technical advances in peptide and protein identification have been made, accurate quantitation of high-throughput data sets remains a key challenge in mass spectrometry data analysis and is a labor intensive process for many proteomics laboratories. Here, we report a new SILAC-based proteomics quantitation software tool, named IsoQuant, which is used to process high mass accuracy mass spectrometry data. IsoQuant offers a convenient quantitation framework to calculate peptide/protein relative abundance ratios. At the same time, it also includes a visualization platform that permits users to validate the quality of SILAC peptide and protein ratios. The program is written in the C# programming language under the Microsoft .NET framework version 4.0 and has been tested to be compatible with both 32-bit and 64-bit Windows 7. It is freely available to noncommercial users at http://www.proteomeumb.org/MZw.html .
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongping Liao
- Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
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Ackermann MA, Kontrogianni-Konstantopoulos A. Myosin binding protein-C slow is a novel substrate for protein kinase A (PKA) and C (PKC) in skeletal muscle. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:4547-55. [PMID: 21888435 DOI: 10.1021/pr200355w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Myosin Binding Protein-C slow (MyBP-C slow), a family of thick filament-associated proteins, consists of four alternatively spliced forms, namely variants 1-4. Variants 1-4 share common structures and sequences; however, they differ in three regions: variants 1 and 2 contain a novel 25-residue long insertion at the extreme NH(2)-terminus, variant 3 carries an 18-amino acid long segment within immunoglobulin (Ig) domain C7, and variant 1 contains a unique COOH-terminus consisting of 26-amino acids, while variant 4 does not possess any of these insertions. Variants 1-4 are expressed in variable amounts among skeletal muscles, exhibiting different topographies and potentially distinct functions. To date, the regulatory mechanisms that modulate the activities of MyBP-C slow are unknown. Using an array of proteomic approaches, we show that MyBP-C slow comprises a family of phosphoproteins. Ser-59 and Ser-62 are substrates for PKA, while Ser-83 and Thr-84 are substrates for PKC. Moreover, Ser-204 is a substrate for both PKA and PKC. Importantly, the levels of phosphorylated skeletal MyBP-C proteins (i.e., slow and fast) are notably increased in mouse dystrophic muscles, even though their overall amounts are significantly decreased. In brief, our studies are the first to show that the MyBP-C slow subfamily undergoes phosphorylation, which may regulate its activities in normalcy and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maegen A Ackermann
- University of Maryland , School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 108 North Greene Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
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