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Contardi C, Rubes D, Serra M, Dorati R, Dattilo M, Mavliutova L, Patrini M, Guglielmann R, Sellergren B, De Lorenzi E. Affinity Capillary Electrophoresis as a Tool To Characterize Molecularly Imprinted Nanogels in Solution. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 38284411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
In this work, an innovative and accurate affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE) method was set up to monitor the complexation of aqueous MIP nanogels (NGs) with model cancer-related antigens. Using α2,6'- and α2,3'-sialyllactose as oversimplified cancer biomarker-mimicking templates, NGs were synthesized and characterized in terms of size, polydispersity, and overall charge. A stability study was also carried out in order to select the best storage conditions and to ensure product quality. After optimization of capillary electrophoresis conditions, injection of MIP NGs resulted in a single, sharp, and efficient peak. The mobility shift approach was applied to quantitatively estimate binding affinity, in this case resulting in an association constant of K ≈ 106 M-1. The optimized polymers further displayed a pronounced discrimination between the two sialylated sugars. The newly developed ACE protocol has the potential to become a very effective method for nonconstrained affinity screening of NG in solution, especially during the NG development phase and/or for a final accurate quantitation of the observed binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Contardi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, PV, Italy
| | - Davide Rubes
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, PV, Italy
| | - Massimo Serra
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, PV, Italy
| | - Rossella Dorati
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, PV, Italy
| | - Marco Dattilo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Liliia Mavliutova
- Biofilms Research Center for Biointerfaces, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, 21432 Malmö, Sweden
| | | | | | - Börje Sellergren
- Biofilms Research Center for Biointerfaces, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, 21432 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ersilia De Lorenzi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, PV, Italy
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Native fluorescence detection with a laser driven light source for protein analysis in capillary electrophoresis. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1183:338936. [PMID: 34627519 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
While ultraviolet light (UV) absorbance detection is the most widely used detection mode in capillary electrophoresis (CE), it can yield poor concentration sensitivity and has tendencies to exhibit baseline fluctuations. In order to overcome these challenges, alternative detection strategies, including the use of dedicated wavelength lasers, have been applied, resulting in enhancements of concentration sensitivity as well as decreased baseline disturbance. In this work, using a laser driven light source for excitation, we reported a native fluorescence detection (NFD) scheme for use in a commercial CE platform, PA 800 Plus Pharmaceutical Analysis System, for protein analysis. The CE-NFD system was characterized using tryptophan and a reduced IgG. We compared NFD with UV absorbance detection as applied to sodium dodecyl sulfate-capillary gel electrophoresis (SDS-CGE) and capillary isoelectric focusing (cIEF). In SDS-CGE, with the reported NFD a non-reduced IgG standard sample yielded a signal-to-noise ratio which was 14.6 times higher than with UV absorbance detection at 214 nm. In cIEF analysis of NISTmAb, Humanized IgG1k, with NFD ∼170 times less sample mass was needed to obtain similar profile quality to that with UV absorbance detection at 280 nm. NFD also eliminated baseline anomalies observed with UV absorbance detection and showed less interference by other absorbing species. These results suggest that CE-NFD is a practical and powerful tool for protein characterization in the biopharmaceutical industry.
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Hua X, Yang E, Yang W, Yuan R, Xu W. LAMP-generated H + ions-induced dimer i-motif as signal transducer for ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of DNA. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:12463-12466. [PMID: 31576854 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06738h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, an ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensor is proposed for the quantification of the Flu A virus biomarker DNA (fDNA), and is based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification-generated hydrogen ions (LAMP-H+) which induce the formation of the dimer i-motif structure (DiMS) for signal transduction, coupled with exonuclease III (ExoIII)-assisted DNA walking for signal dual-amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Hua
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Enfen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Wenting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Ruo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Wenju Xu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
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Chiral capillary electrophoresis with UV-excited fluorescence detection for the enantioselective analysis of 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-derivatized amino acids. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:4979-4990. [PMID: 29808298 PMCID: PMC6061710 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1148-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
The potential of capillary electrophoresis (CE) with ultraviolet (UV)-excited fluorescence detection for sensitive chiral analysis of amino acids (AAs) was investigated. DL-AAs were derivatized with 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl chloride (FMOC)-Cl to allow their fluorescence detection and enhance enantioseparation. Fluorescence detection was achieved employing optical fibers, leading UV excitation light (< 300 nm) from a Xe-Hg lamp to the capillary window, and fluorescence emission to a spectrograph equipped with a charge-coupled device (CCD). Signal averaging over time and emission wavelength intervals was carried out to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the FMOC-AAs. A background electrolyte (BGE) of 40 mM sodium tetraborate (pH 9.5), containing 15% isopropanol (v/v), 30 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and 30 mM β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), was found optimal for AA chemo- and enantioseparation. Enantioresolutions of 1.0 or higher were achieved for 16 proteinogenic DL-AAs. Limits of detection (LODs) were in the 10-100-nM range (injected concentration) for the D-AA enantiomers, except for FMOC-D-tryptophan (536 nM) which showed intramolecular fluorescence quenching. Linearity (R2 > 0.997) and repeatability for peak height (relative standard deviations (RSDs) < 7.0%; n = 5) and electrophoretic mobility (RSDs < 0.6%; n = 5) of individual AA enantiomers were established for chiral analysis of DL-AA mixtures. The applicability of the method was investigated by the analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Next to L-AAs, endogenous levels of D-glutamine and D-aspartic acid could be measured in CSF revealing enantiomeric ratios of 0.35 and 19.6%, respectively. This indicates the method's potential for the analysis of low concentrations of D-AAs in presence of abundant L-AAs.
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Barr JD, Shi L, Russell DH, Clemmer DE, Holliday AE. Following a Folding Transition with Capillary Electrophoresis and Ion Mobility Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2016; 88:10933-10939. [PMID: 27809500 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is increasingly used to describe solution-phase phenomena and has recently been used to establish the presence of multiple intermediates during the folding of a model polypeptide, polyproline. These observations, however, are made on gas-phase structures. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a complementary solution-phase technique, also based on the separation of charged species as a function of size and charge. Here, both ion mobility and capillary electrophoresis are used to follow the folding transition of a 13-mer polyproline peptide from the all-cis polyproline I (PPI) conformation to the all-trans polyproline II (PPII) conformation upon immersion in aqueous solvent. Synchronous folding processes are observed using both techniques. Eight conformers are observed using ion mobility. Although only five peaks are observed using capillary electrophoresis, these peaks can be modeled as sums of the observed IMS conformers; this is strong evidence that ion mobility is sampling solution-phase structures. CE measurements provide the first direct evidence that multiple folding intermediates are present in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Barr
- Department of Chemistry, Moravian College , Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18018, United States
| | - Liuqing Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - David H Russell
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - David E Clemmer
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Alison E Holliday
- Department of Chemistry, Moravian College , Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18018, United States
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Capillary electrophoresis hyphenated with UV-native-laser induced fluorescence detection (CE/UV-native-LIF). Electrophoresis 2016; 38:135-149. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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7
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Qiu S, Lin Z, Zhou Y, Li R, Zhang J, Zhang D, Luo L, Guo L, Qiu B, Chen G. Label-Free Fluorometric Method for Monitoring Conformational Flexibility of Laccase Based on a Selective Laccase Sensor. Anal Chem 2013; 85:11041-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ac402693k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suyan Qiu
- Institute for Quality & Safety and Standards of Agricultural Products Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330200, China
| | - Zhenyu Lin
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Fujian Provincial
Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety,
Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Yaomin Zhou
- Institute for Quality & Safety and Standards of Agricultural Products Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330200, China
| | - Ruili Li
- Institute for Quality & Safety and Standards of Agricultural Products Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330200, China
| | - Jinyan Zhang
- Institute for Quality & Safety and Standards of Agricultural Products Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330200, China
| | - Dawen Zhang
- Institute for Quality & Safety and Standards of Agricultural Products Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330200, China
| | - Linguang Luo
- Institute for Quality & Safety and Standards of Agricultural Products Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330200, China
| | - Longhua Guo
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Fujian Provincial
Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety,
Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Bin Qiu
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Fujian Provincial
Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety,
Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Guonan Chen
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Fujian Provincial
Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety,
Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
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Li X, Ju Y, Xu Y, Wang W, Dong Y, Ma Y, Chen X. On-line capillary electrophoresis enrichment by combining chitosan trapping with surfactant assisted sample stacking for the ultratrace determination of organic acids in Plateau alfalfa roots. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 789:100-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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9
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de Kort BJ, de Jong GJ, Somsen GW. Native fluorescence detection of biomolecular and pharmaceutical compounds in capillary electrophoresis: Detector designs, performance and applications: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 766:13-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Revised: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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10
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de Kort BJ, de Jong GJ, Somsen GW. Potential of capillary electrophoresis with wavelength-resolved fluorescence detection for protein unfolding studies using β-lactoglobulin B as a test compound. Analyst 2013; 138:4550-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an00357d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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11
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Clouthier CM, Mironov GG, Okhonin V, Berezovski MV, Keillor JW. Real-Time Monitoring of Protein Conformational Dynamics in Solution Using Kinetic Capillary Electrophoresis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201205575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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12
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Haselberg R, de Jong GJ, Somsen GW. CE-MS for the analysis of intact proteins 2010-2012. Electrophoresis 2012; 34:99-112. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rob Haselberg
- Biomolecular Analysis; Utrecht University; CG Utrecht; The Netherlands
| | | | - Govert W. Somsen
- Biomolecular Analysis; Utrecht University; CG Utrecht; The Netherlands
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Clouthier CM, Mironov GG, Okhonin V, Berezovski MV, Keillor JW. Real-time monitoring of protein conformational dynamics in solution using kinetic capillary electrophoresis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:12464-8. [PMID: 23132828 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201205575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Conformational analysis: Capillary electrophoresis (CE) allows for the rapid separation of slowly interconverting protein conformers. Kinetic analysis (k(open), k(closed), and K(d)) of electropherograms in the presence and absence of effector ligands allows the measurement of kinetic and thermodynamic constants associated with conformational changes and ligand binding.
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14
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de Kort BJ, de Jong GJ, Somsen GW. Profiling of erythropoietin products by capillary electrophoresis with native fluorescence detection. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:2996-3001. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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