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Ratiometric Electrochemical Biosensing of Methyltransferase Activity. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12111362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a novel ratiometric electrochemical readout platform was proposed and developed for the fast and flexible analysis of M.SssI methyltransferase (MTase) activity. In this platform, two hairpin DNAs (H1 and H2) were designed. H1 contains the palindromic sequence of 5′-CCGG-3′ in its stem which could be methylated and hybridize with H2 labeled by methylene blue (MB) as one of the signal reporters on a gold electrode (GE) in the presence of M.SssI MTase. Additionally, a specific immunoreaction was introduced by conjugating an anti-5-methylcytosine antibody, a DNA CpG methylation recognition unit, with 1,3-ferrocenedicarboxylic acid (Fc) as the second signal reporter. The results showed that when the Fc tag approaches, the MB tag was far from the gold electrode surface, resulting in a decrease in the oxidation peak current of MB (IMB) and an increase in the oxidation peak current of Fc (IFc). The ratiometric electrochemical method above shows the linear range of detection was 0 U/mL 40 U/mL with a detection limit of 0.083 U/mL (the mean signal of blank measures þ3s).
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2
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A split β-lactamase sensor for the detection of DNA modification by cisplatin and ruthenium-based chemotherapeutic drugs. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 236:111986. [PMID: 36084568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Here we present a split-enzyme sensor approach for the sequence-specific detection of metal-based drug adducts of DNA. Split β-lactamase reporters were constructed using domain A of the High Mobility Group Box 1 protein (HMGB1a) in conjunction with zinc finger DNA-binding domains. As a proof of concept, the sensors were characterized with the well-known drug cisplatin, which forms 1,2-intrastrand crosslinks with DNA that are recognized by HMGB1a. After promising results with cisplatin, five ruthenium-based drugs were studied, four of which produced significant signal over background. These results highlight the utility of our approach for rapid screening of novel metal-based chemotherapeutic drug candidates and provide evidence that HMGB1a likely binds to DNA adducts formed by NAMI-A (imidazolium trans-tetrachlorodimethylsulfoxideimidazoleruthenate(III)), KP1019 (indazolium trans-tetrachlorodiindazoleruthenate(III)), KP418 (imidazolium trans-tetrachlorodiimidazoleruthenate(III)), and RAPTA-C (dichloro(η6-p-cymene)(1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane)ruthenium(II)). These results thus imply a potential biologically relevant mode of action for the ruthenium-based drugs investigated herein.
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3
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Araiza-Olivera D, Gutierrez-Aguilar M, Espinosa-García AM, García-García JA, Tapia-Orozco N, Sánchez-Pérez C, Palacios-Reyes C, Escárcega D, Villalón-López DN, García-Arrazola R. From bench to bedside: Biosensing strategies to evaluate endocrine disrupting compounds based on epigenetic events and their potential use in medicine. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 80:103450. [PMID: 32622887 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between endocrine system disorders and health risks due to chemical environmental compounds has become a growing concern in recent years. Involuntary exposure to endocrine disruptors (EDCs) is associated with the worldwide increase of diseases such as cancer, obesity, diabetes, and neurocortical disorders. EDCs are compounds that target the nuclear hormonereceptors (NHR) leading to epigenetic changes. Consequently, the use of biosensing strategies based on epigenetic events have a great potential to provide outstanding information about the exposition of EDCs and their evaluation in human health. This review addresses the novel trends in biosensing EDCs evaluation based on DNA methylation assays associated with different human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Araiza-Olivera
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecules, Institute of Chemistry, UNAM, Mexico.
| | | | - A M Espinosa-García
- Unidad de Medicina Genómica, Hospital General de México, Dr. Balmis 148, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - J A García-García
- Department of Education, Hospital General de México, Dr. Balmis 148, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - N Tapia-Orozco
- Departmentof Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ave. Universidad 3000, 04510, Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - C Sánchez-Pérez
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ave. Universidad 3000, 04510, Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - C Palacios-Reyes
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Diagnostics, Juarez Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - D Escárcega
- Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Campus Ciudad de México, calle del Puente 222, Ejidos de Huipulco, Tlalpan 14380, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Demelza N Villalón-López
- Instituto Politénico Nacional-Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Prolongación de Carpio y Plande Ayala, colonia Casco de Santo Tomás. Del, Miguel Hidalgo, 11350, Mexico.
| | - R García-Arrazola
- Departmentof Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ave. Universidad 3000, 04510, Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Syedmoradi L, Esmaeili F, Norton ML. Towards DNA methylation detection using biosensors. Analyst 2018; 141:5922-5943. [PMID: 27704092 DOI: 10.1039/c6an01649a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation, a stable and heritable covalent modification which mostly occurs in the context of a CpG dinucleotide, has great potential as a biomarker to detect disease, provide prognoses and predict therapeutic responses. It can be detected in a quantitative manner by many different approaches both genome-wide and at specific gene loci, in various biological fluids such as urine, plasma, and serum, which can be obtained without invasive procedures. The current, classical methods are effective in studying DNA methylation patterns, however, for the most part; they have major drawbacks such as expensive instruments, complicated and time consuming protocols as well as relatively low sensitivity, and high false positive rates. To overcome these obstacles, great efforts have been made toward the development of reliable sensor devices to solve these limitations, providing sensitive, fast and cost-effective measurements. The use of biosensors for DNA methylation biomarkers has increased in recent years, because they are portable, simple, rapid, and inexpensive which offers a straightforward way to detect methylated biomarkers. In this review, we give an overview of the conventional techniques for the detection of DNA methylation and then will focus on recent advances in biosensor based methylation detection that eliminate bisulfite conversion and PCR amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Syedmoradi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Esmaeili
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael L Norton
- Department of Chemistry, Marshall University, One John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.
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Tsuji S, Shinoda K, Futaki S, Imanishi M. Sequence-specific 5mC detection in live cells based on the TALE-split luciferase complementation system. Analyst 2018; 143:3793-3797. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an00562a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The newly developed TALE-split luciferase complementation system enabled sequence-specific 5mC detection of genomic DNA in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Tsuji
- Institute for Chemical Research
- Kyoto University
- Uji
- Japan
| | - Kouki Shinoda
- Institute for Chemical Research
- Kyoto University
- Uji
- Japan
| | - Shiroh Futaki
- Institute for Chemical Research
- Kyoto University
- Uji
- Japan
| | - Miki Imanishi
- Institute for Chemical Research
- Kyoto University
- Uji
- Japan
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Mendonca A, Sanchez OF, Liu W, Li Z, Yuan C. CpG dinucleotide positioning patterns determine the binding affinity of methyl-binding domain to nucleosomes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2017; 1860:713-720. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kejík Z, Kaplánek R, Havlík M, Bříza T, Jakubek M, Králová J, Mikula I, Martásek P, Král V. Optical probes and sensors as perspective tools in epigenetics. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:2295-2306. [PMID: 28285925 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Modifications of DNA cytosine bases and histone posttranslational modifications play key roles in the control of gene expression and specification of cell states. Such modifications affect many important biological processes and changes to these important regulation mechanisms can initiate or significantly contribute to the development of many serious pathological states. Therefore, recognition and determination of chromatin modifications is an important goal in basic and clinical research. Two of the most promising tools for this purpose are optical probes and sensors, especially colourimetric and fluorescence devices. The use of optical probes and sensors is simple, without highly expensive instrumentation, and with excellent sensitivity and specificity for target structural motifs. Accordingly, the application of various probes and sensors in the recognition and determination of cytosine modifications and structure of histones and histone posttranslational modifications, are discussed in detail in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Kejík
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Kaplánek
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Havlík
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Bříza
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Jakubek
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jarmila Králová
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Mikula
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Martásek
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Král
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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Yoshida W, Baba Y, Karube I. Global DNA Methylation Detection System Using MBD-Fused Luciferase Based on Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer Assay. Anal Chem 2016; 88:9264-8. [PMID: 27541340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression. In normal cells, transposable elements that constitute approximately 45% of the human genome are highly methylated to silence their expression. In cancer cells, transposable elements are hypomethylated; therefore, global DNA methylation level is considered as a biomarker for cancer diagnostics. In this study, a homogeneous assay for measuring global DNA methylation level based on bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) was developed using methyl-CpG binding domain (MBD)-fused luciferase. In this assay, the MBD-luciferase recognizes methylated CpG, thus, BRET between the luciferase and fluorescent DNA intercalating dye is detected. We demonstrated that the BRET signal depended on the DNA methylation level of the target DNA. Moreover, the BRET signal was correlated with the LINE1 DNA methylation level on human genomic DNA, as determined by the bisulfite method. These results indicate that the global DNA methylation level of human genomic DNA could be detected simply by measuring the BRET signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Yoshida
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology , 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
| | - Yuji Baba
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology , 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
| | - Isao Karube
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology , 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
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Sekar TV, Foygel K, Gelovani JG, Paulmurugan R. Genetically encoded molecular biosensors to image histone methylation in living animals. Anal Chem 2014; 87:892-9. [PMID: 25506787 PMCID: PMC4303335 DOI: 10.1021/ac502629r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Post-translational addition of methyl
groups to the amino terminal
tails of histone proteins regulates cellular gene expression at various
stages of development and the pathogenesis of cellular diseases, including
cancer. Several enzymes that modulate these post-translational modifications
of histones are promising targets for development of small molecule
drugs. However, there is no promising real-time histone methylation
detection tool currently available to screen and validate potential
small molecule histone methylation modulators in small animal models.
With this in mind, we developed genetically encoded molecular biosensors
based on the split-enzyme complementation approach for in vitro and
in vivo imaging of lysine 9 (H3–K9 sensor) and lysine 27 (H3–K27
sensor) methylation marks of histone 3. These methylation sensors
were validated in vitro in HEK293T, HepG2, and HeLa cells. The efficiency
of the histone methylation sensor was assessed by employing methyltransferase
inhibitors (Bix01294 and UNC0638), demethylase inhibitor (JIB-04),
and siRNA silencing at the endogenous histone K9-methyltransferase
enzyme level. Furthermore, noninvasive bioluminescence imaging of
histone methylation sensors confirmed the potential of these sensors
in monitoring histone methylation status in response to histone methyltransferase
inhibitors in living animals. Experimental results confirmed that
the developed H3–K9 and H3–K27 sensors are specific
and sensitive to image the drug-induced histone methylation changes
in living animals. These novel histone methylation sensors can facilitate
the in vitro screening and in vivo characterization of new histone
methyltransferase inhibitors and accelerate the pace of introduction
of epigenetic therapies into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thillai V Sekar
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine , 318 Campus Drive, East Wing, 1st Floor, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Çelik S. Understanding the complexity of antigen retrieval of DNA methylation for immunofluorescence-based measurement and an approach to challenge. J Immunol Methods 2014; 416:1-16. [PMID: 25435341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cytosine methylation (5-methylcytosine, 5meC) in the CpG-rich regions of the mammalian genome is an important epigenetic mechanism playing roles in transcription regulation and genomic stability. The abnormalities in DNA methylation can occur in various types of cancer and some genetic diseases. The measurement of DNA methylation is therefore important and there is a range of methodologies used to detect DNA methylation. Many methods based on bisulfite treatment appeared with a lack of specificity after recent discoveries of various modifications of methylated cytosine, however there are new treatments developed to overcome this limitation. Immunofluorescence is currently known to be able to specifically detect DNA methylation as it uses different antibodies against 5meC and its derivatives, but it is a semi-quantitative method. Immunofluorescence protocols commonly include fixation of cells followed by permeabilisation, antigen retrieval, and treatments with antibodies. Establishing the strategy for antigen retrieval of immunofluorescence is important to unmask epitopes (i.e. 5meC) from other proteins, and therefore to access the antigen of interest. There are many approaches used for antigen retrieval induced by acid, enzyme and/or heat. The selection of antigen retrieval method can depend on a variety of such antigen-based or cell-based conditions, since the dynamic structure of DNA and chromatin accounts for the complexity of involved proteins to mask the epitope. This review aims to specifically focus on the complexity of in situ detection of DNA methylation by immunofluorescence-based methods using antigen retrieval with the current understanding of DNA methylation mechanism, and suggests conditions for antigenic retrieval of 5meC epitope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selcen Çelik
- Human Reproduction and Development Unit, Kolling Institute for Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney 2065, Australia.
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Kim SE, Chang M, Yuan C. One-pot approach for examining the DNA methylation patterns using an engineered methyl-probe. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 58:333-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Lei C, Huang Y, Nie Z, Hu J, Li L, Lu G, Han Y, Yao S. A Supercharged Fluorescent Protein as a Versatile Probe for Homogeneous DNA Detection and Methylation Analysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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13
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Lei C, Huang Y, Nie Z, Hu J, Li L, Lu G, Han Y, Yao S. A Supercharged Fluorescent Protein as a Versatile Probe for Homogeneous DNA Detection and Methylation Analysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:8358-62. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Lake MC, Aboagye EO. Luciferase fragment complementation imaging in preclinical cancer studies. Oncoscience 2014; 1:310-25. [PMID: 25594026 PMCID: PMC4278313 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The luciferase fragment complementation assay (LFCA) enables molecular events to be non-invasively imaged in live cells in vitro and in vivo in a comparatively cheap and safe manner. It is a development of previous enzyme complementation assays in which reporter genes are split into two, individually enzymatically inactive, fragments that are able to complement one another upon interaction. This complementation can be used to externally visualize cellular activities. In recent years, the number of studies which have used LFCAs to probe questions relevant to cancer have increased, and this review summarizes the most significant and interesting of these. In particular, it focuses on work conducted on the epidermal growth factor, nuclear and chemokine receptor families, and intracellular signaling pathways, including IP3, cAMP, Akt, cMyc, NRF2 and Rho GTPases. LFCAs which have been developed to image DNA methylation and detect RNA transcripts are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madryn C. Lake
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London
| | - Eric O. Aboagye
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London
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Chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer biosensing platform for site-specific determination of DNA methylation and assay of DNA methyltransferase activity using exonuclease III-assisted target recycling amplification. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 54:48-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Yu MH, Huang YC, Chang PL. Rapid screening of the heterogeneity of DNA methylation by single-strand conformation polymorphism and CE-LIF in the presence of electro-osmotic flow. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:2378-85. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hsuan Yu
- Department of Chemistry; Tunghai University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chi Huang
- Department of Chemistry; Tunghai University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Po-Ling Chang
- Department of Chemistry; Tunghai University; Taichung Taiwan
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Abstract
Epigenetics has undergone an explosion in the past decade. DNA methylation, consisting of the addition of a methyl group at the fifth position of cytosine (5-methylcytosine, 5-mC) in a CpG dinucleotide, is a well-recognized epigenetic mark with important functions in cellular development and pathogenesis. Numerous studies have focused on the characterization of DNA methylation marks associated with disease development as they may serve as useful biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of response to therapy. Recently, novel cytosine modifications with potential regulatory roles such as 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5-foC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5-caC) have been discovered. Study of the functions of 5-mC and its oxidation derivatives promotes the understanding of the mechanism underlying association of epigenetic modifications with disease biology. In this respect, much has been accomplished in the development of methods for the discovery, detection, and location analysis of 5-mC and its oxidation derivatives. In this review, we focus on the recent advances for the global detection and location study of 5-mC and its oxidation derivatives 5-hmC, 5-foC, and 5-caC.
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Detection of real sample DNA at a cadmium sulfide--chitosan/gelatin modified electrode. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 113:85-91. [PMID: 24060932 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium sulfide (CdS) was combined with chitosan (Chi) and gelatin (Gel) to prepare a CdS-Chi/Gel modified electrode. Chi exhibits a large positive charge density and was to provide a uniform of CdS surface. Gel exhibits high mechanical strength and low toxicity toward mammalian cells, and is non-antigenic biopolymer. CdS-Chi exhibits a lower contact angle than that of bare CdS, indicating that the hydrophilicity of the sample surface had increased. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to determine diffusion coefficients and to characterize the electron transfer kinetics during the redox reactions. The surface morphologies of CdS-Chi and Gel were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was used to detect the analytes. DPV not only increased the linear range of the electrocatalytic current, but also lowered the overpotential for oxidation interference in the measurements. The CdS electrode exhibited a enhanced electrocatalytic activity toward the analytes evaluated in this study. The presence of Gel enhanced the loading and stability of the electrode. The fabricated electrode was successfully used for the simultaneous electrochemical oxidation of guanine (G) and adenine (A).
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Wang P, Chen H, Tian J, Dai Z, Zou X. Electrochemical evaluation of DNA methylation level based on the stoichiometric relationship between purine and pyrimidine bases. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 45:34-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hiraoka D, Yoshida W, Abe K, Wakeda H, Hata K, Ikebukuro K. Development of a method to measure DNA methylation levels by using methyl CpG-binding protein and luciferase-fused zinc finger protein. Anal Chem 2012; 84:8259-64. [PMID: 22924825 DOI: 10.1021/ac3015774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation, which is an important epigenetic event for transcriptional regulation, is regarded as a biomarker for cancer. A rapid and sensitive method for measuring DNA methylation levels in target genomic regions may enable early diagnosis of cancer. To detect DNA methylation levels conveniently, we developed a detection system for DNA methylation, designated as methylated DNA precipitation combined luciferase-fused zinc finger assay (MELZA), which uses methyl CpG-binding domain (MBD) and luciferase-fused zinc finger protein. This system comprises the following 3 steps: (1) MBD-based methylated DNA precipitation, (2) PCR amplification of the target genomic region, and (3) detection of the PCR product quantity by using luciferase-fused zinc finger protein. Using this system, we have accurately measured methylation levels of the androgen receptor gene promoter region in LNCaP, PC3, Du145, and whole blood cells. This system does not require bisulfite treatment, and all the steps can be automated. Therefore, it might be useful for measuring DNA methylation levels in clinical cancer diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Hiraoka
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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Highly sensitive and quantitative profiling of acidic phytohormones using derivatization approach coupled with nano-LC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS analysis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 905:67-74. [PMID: 22917596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In current study, we developed a highly sensitive method for the quantitative profiling of acidic phytohormones. Tandem solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) was employed to efficiently purify acidic phytohormones, which were further derived by 3-bromoactonyltrimethylammonium bromide (BTA) to increase the ionization efficiency in electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry detection. Additionally, fifteen BTA-derived acidic phytohormones, including ten gibberellins (GAs), were well separated with a salt gradient on poly(methacrylic acid-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (MAA-co-EDMA) monolithic column. By employing online trapping system, the signal intensities of the analytes were significantly improved. The limits of detection (LODs, Signal/Noise=3) of targeted phytohormones ranged from 1.05 to 122.4 pg/mL, which allowed the highly sensitive determination of low abundant acidic phytohormones with tiny amount plant sample. Good reproducibility was obtained by evaluating the intra- and inter-day precisions with relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 10.9 and 11.9%, respectively. Recoveries of the target analytes from spiked rice leave samples ranged from 88.3 to 104.3%. By employing the method developed here, we were able to simultaneously determine 11 endogenous acidic phytohormones from only 5mg of rice leave sample, which dramatically decreased the required sample amount (three orders of magnitude lower) for the profiling of low abundant acidic phytohormones compared to previous reports. Taken together, the method provided a good solution for the highly sensitive and quantitative profiling of endogenous acidic phytohormones.
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Shekhawat SS, Ghosh I. Split-protein systems: beyond binary protein-protein interactions. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2011; 15:789-97. [PMID: 22070901 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It has been estimated that 650,000 protein-protein interactions exist in the human interactome (Stumpf et al., 2008), a subset of all possible macromolecular partnerships that dictate life. Thus there is a continued need for the development of sensitive and user-friendly methods for cataloguing biomacromolecules in complex environments and for detecting their interactions, modifications, and cellular location. Such methods also allow for establishing differences in the interactome between a normal and diseased cellular state and for quantifying the outcome of therapeutic intervention. A promising approach for deconvoluting the role of macromolecular partnerships is split-protein reassembly, also called protein fragment complementation. This approach relies on the appropriate fragmentation of protein reporters, such as the green fluorescent protein or firefly luciferase, which when attached to possible interacting partners can reassemble and regain function, thereby confirming the partnership. Split-protein methods have been effectively utilized for detecting protein-protein interactions in cell-free systems, Escherichia coli, yeast, mammalian cells, plants, and live animals. Herein, we present recent advances in engineering split-protein systems that allow for the rapid detection of ternary protein complexes, small molecule inhibitors, as well as a variety of macromolecules including nucleic acids, poly(ADP) ribose, and iron sulfur clusters. We also present advances that combine split-protein systems with chemical inducers of dimerization strategies that allow for regulating the activity of orthogonal split-proteases as well as aid in identifying enzyme inhibitors. Finally, we discuss autoinhibition strategies leading to turn-on sensors as well as future directions in split-protein methodology including possible therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujan S Shekhawat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 East University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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