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Coleman MC, Walzem RL, Kieffer AJ, Minamoto T, Suchodolski J, Cohen ND. Novel lipoprotein density profiling in laminitic, obese, and healthy horses. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2019; 68:92-99. [PMID: 30927630 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipoproteins are water-miscible macromolecules enabling the transport of lipids in blood. In humans, altered proportions of lipoproteins are used to detect and classify metabolic diseases. Obesity and obesity-related comorbidities are common in horses. The pathophysiology of obesity is poorly understood and likely multifactorial. Development of new diagnostic tests to identify horses at risk of developing obesity to implement preventative measures is critical; however, a necessary first step to accomplish this goal is to improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of disease. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize and compare lipoprotein profiles of horses with normal and excess body conditions, with and without laminitis using a novel method of continuous lipoprotein density profiling (CLPDP). Comparisons were made between 4 groups of horses: (1) laminitic, obese horses (n = 66); (2) laminitic, nonobese horses (n = 35); (3) nonlaminitic, obese horses (n = 41); and (4) nonlaminitic, nonobese horses (n = 95). Lipoprotein profiling, including evaluation of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL), low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), and high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) was performed using CLPDP, and all 4 groups were compared. A significant difference was observed among groups for the subfractions TRL, LDL1, LDL2, HDL2b, HDL2a, HDL3a, HDL3b, HDL3c, and total HDL. This is the first known description of CLPDP to characterize equine lipid profiles and holds promise as a useful method for lipid characterization of horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Coleman
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, TAMU 4475 College Station, TX 77845, USA.
| | - R L Walzem
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - A J Kieffer
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - T Minamoto
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX 77845 USA
| | - J Suchodolski
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX 77845 USA
| | - N D Cohen
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, TAMU 4475 College Station, TX 77845, USA
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Minamoto T, Walzem RL, Hamilton AJ, Hill SL, Payne HR, Lidbury JA, Suchodolski JS, Steiner JM. Altered lipoprotein profiles in cats with hepatic lipidosis. J Feline Med Surg 2019; 21:363-372. [PMID: 29860906 PMCID: PMC10814635 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x18780060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess serum lipoprotein profiles using rapid single-spin continuous lipoprotein density profiling (CLPDP) in healthy control cats and cats with hepatic lipidosis (HL). METHODS Analysis of serum lipoprotein profiles using the CLPDP was performed in 23 cats with HL and 20 healthy control cats. The area under the curve for each lipoprotein fraction, triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins (TRLs), low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) and high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), was calculated. Serum cholesterol and TG concentrations were measured using a clinical chemistry analyzer. RESULTS Serum cholesterol and TG concentrations were not significantly different between healthy control cats and cats with HL ( P = 0.5075 and P = 0.2541, respectively). LDL content was significantly higher in cats with HL than in healthy control cats ( P = 0.0001), while HDL content was significantly lower in cats with HL than in healthy control cats ( P = 0.0032). TRL content was not significantly different between the two groups ( P = 0.0699). The specific fraction (1.037-1.043 g/ml) within nominal LDL in serum distinguished healthy control cats from cats with HL with a sensitivity of 87% and a specificity of 90%. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Serum lipoprotein profiles were altered in cats with HL, even though serum cholesterol and TG concentrations were not significantly different compared with healthy control cats. The CLPDP might be a useful tool for assessing lipid metabolism in cats with HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Minamoto
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Rosemary L Walzem
- Department of Poultry Science and Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Steve L Hill
- Veterinary Specialty Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Harold R Payne
- Image Analysis Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan A Lidbury
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jörg M Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation for improved characterization of human plasma lipoproteins. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 411:777-786. [PMID: 30470915 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1499-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
High- and low-density lipoproteins (HDL and LDL) are attractive targets for biomarker discovery. However, ultracentrifugation (UC), the current methodology of choice for isolating HDL and LDL, is tedious, requires large sample volume, results in sample loss, and does not readily provide information on particle size. In this work, human plasma HDL and LDL are separated and collected using semi-preparative asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (SP-AF4) and UC. The SP-AF4 and UC separation conditions, sample throughput, and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) lipidomic results are compared. Over 600 μg of total proteins is recovered in a single SP-AF4 run, and Western blot results confirm apoA1 pure and apoB100 pure fractions, consistent with HDL and LDL, respectively. The SP-AF4 separation requires ~ 60 min per sample, thus providing a marked improvement over UC which can span hours to days. Lipidome analysis of SP-AF4-prepared HDL and LDL fractions is compared to UC-prepared HDL and LDL samples. Over 270 lipids in positive MS mode and over 140 lipids in negative MS mode are identified by both sample preparation techniques with over 98% overlap between the lipidome. Additionally, lipoprotein size distributions are determined using analytical scale AF4 coupled with multiangle light scattering (MALS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) detectors. These developments position SP-AF4 as a sample preparation method of choice for lipoprotein biomarker characterization and identification. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Minamoto T, Parambeth JC, Walzem RL, Payne HR, Lidbury JA, Suchodolski JS, Steiner JM. Evaluation of density gradient ultracentrifugation serum lipoprotein profiles in healthy dogs and dogs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. J Vet Diagn Invest 2018; 30:878-886. [PMID: 30175670 PMCID: PMC6505844 DOI: 10.1177/1040638718793677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in proportions of lipoprotein classes have been described in disease states in humans. In veterinary medicine, hyperlipidemia can cause complications, such as cutaneous xanthomas, liver disease, cholelithiasis, pancreatitis, glomerular disease, lipemia retinalis, or peripheral neuropathy, but there are few reports regarding lipoproteins in diseased animals. For canine serum, we partially validated continuous lipoprotein density profiling (CLPDP), a novel density gradient ultracentrifugation technique. We examined canine lipoproteins separated by CLPDP by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We compared lipoprotein profiles between healthy control dogs ( n = 29) and dogs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI; n = 28) using CLPDP. Dogs with EPI included those untreated (EPI-NT; n = 6) and those treated with enzyme supplementation (EPI-T; n = 22). Our preliminary assay validation showed that CLPDP was repeatable (CV = 11.2%) and reproducible (CV = 10.6%) in canine serum. The diameters of lipoproteins analyzed by TEM were similar to those reported previously. Dogs in the EPI-NT group had more severe dyslipidemia than dogs in the EPI-T group. Dogs in the EPI-T group had lipoprotein profiles similar to healthy control dogs. CLPDP might be a useful tool for evaluating dyslipidemia in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Minamoto
- Tomomi Minamoto, Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4474 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843.
| | - Joseph C. Parambeth
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Minamoto, Parambeth, Lidbury, Suchodolski, and Steiner), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
- Image Analysis Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology (Payne), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, and Department of Poultry Science and Faculty of Nutrition (Walzem), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Rosemary L. Walzem
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Minamoto, Parambeth, Lidbury, Suchodolski, and Steiner), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
- Image Analysis Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology (Payne), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, and Department of Poultry Science and Faculty of Nutrition (Walzem), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Harold R. Payne
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Minamoto, Parambeth, Lidbury, Suchodolski, and Steiner), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
- Image Analysis Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology (Payne), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, and Department of Poultry Science and Faculty of Nutrition (Walzem), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Jonathan A. Lidbury
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Minamoto, Parambeth, Lidbury, Suchodolski, and Steiner), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
- Image Analysis Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology (Payne), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, and Department of Poultry Science and Faculty of Nutrition (Walzem), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Jan S. Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Minamoto, Parambeth, Lidbury, Suchodolski, and Steiner), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
- Image Analysis Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology (Payne), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, and Department of Poultry Science and Faculty of Nutrition (Walzem), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Jörg M. Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Minamoto, Parambeth, Lidbury, Suchodolski, and Steiner), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
- Image Analysis Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology (Payne), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, and Department of Poultry Science and Faculty of Nutrition (Walzem), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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Babintseva YD, Camont L, Chapman J, Lhomme M, Karagodin VP, Kontush A, Orekhov AN. The biological activity of high-density lipoprotein fractions and their role in the development of cardiovascular diseases. TERAPEVT ARKH 2016. [DOI: 10.17116/terarkh2016889111-118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Increasing the human plasma concentration of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) may be part of strategy for control of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). HDL particles vary in their structure, metabolism, and biological activity. The review describes major HDL fractions (subpopulations) and discusses new findings on the antiatherogenic properties of HDL particles. The whole spectrum of HDL fractions, small, dense, protein-rich lipoproteins, has atheroprotective properties that are determined by the presence of specialized groups of proteins and lipids; however, this activity may be decreased in atherogenic lesion. Comprehensive structural and compositional analysis of HDL may provide key information to identify the fractions that have characteristic biological properties and lose their functionality in CVD. These fractions may be also biomarkers for the risk of CVD and hence represent pharmacological targets.
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Pedersen LR, Olsen RH, Anholm C, Walzem RL, Fenger M, Eugen-Olsen J, Haugaard SB, Prescott E. Weight loss is superior to exercise in improving the atherogenic lipid profile in a sedentary, overweight population with stable coronary artery disease: A randomized trial. Atherosclerosis 2016; 246:221-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Munroe WH, Phillips ML, Schumaker VN. Excessive centrifugal fields damage high density lipoprotein. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:1172-81. [PMID: 25910941 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m058735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
HDL is typically isolated ultracentrifugally at 40,000 rpm or greater, however, such high centrifugal forces are responsible for altering the recovered HDL particle. We demonstrate that this damage to HDL begins at approximately 30,000 rpm and the magnitude of loss increases in a rotor speed-dependent manner. The HDL is affected by elevated ultracentrifugal fields resulting in a lower particle density due to the shedding of associated proteins. To circumvent the alteration of the recovered HDL, we utilize a KBr-containing density gradient and a lowered rotor speed of 15,000 rpm to separate the lipoproteins using a single 96 h centrifugation step. This recovers the HDL at two density ranges; the bulk of the material has a density of about 1.115 g/ml, while lessor amounts of material are recovered at >1.2 g/ml. Thus, demonstrating the isolation of intact HDL is possible utilizing lower centrifuge rotor speeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Munroe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Martin L Phillips
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Verne N Schumaker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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Belcher C, Jill Heatley J, Petzinger C, Hoppes S, Larner CD, Sheather SJ, Macfarlane RD. Evaluation of Plasma Cholesterol, Triglyceride, and Lipid Density Profiles in Captive Monk Parakeets (Myiopsitta monachus). J Exot Pet Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2013.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Xenoulis PG, Cammarata PJ, Walzem RL, Macfarlane RD, Suchodolski JS, Steiner JM. Novel lipoprotein density profiling in healthy dogs of various breeds, healthy Miniature Schnauzers, and Miniature Schnauzers with hyperlipidemia. BMC Vet Res 2013; 9:47. [PMID: 23497598 PMCID: PMC3606259 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the importance of abnormalities in lipoprotein metabolism in clinical canine medicine, the fact that most previously used methods for lipoprotein profiling are rather laborious and time-consuming has been a major obstacle to the wide clinical application and use of lipoprotein profiling in this species. The aim of the present study was to assess the feasibility of a continuous lipoprotein density profile (CLPDP) generated within a bismuth sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (NaBiEDTA) density gradient to characterize and compare the lipoprotein profiles of healthy dogs of various breeds, healthy Miniature Schnauzers, and Miniature Schnauzers with primary hypertriacylglycerolemia. A total of 35 healthy dogs of various breeds with serum triacylglycerol (TAG) and cholesterol concentrations within their respective reference intervals were selected for use as a reference population. Thirty-one Miniature Schnauzers with serum TAG and cholesterol concentrations within their respective reference intervals and 31 Miniature Schnauzers with hypertriacylglyceridemia were also included in the study. RESULTS The results suggest that CLPDP using NaBiEDTA provides unique diagnostic information in addition to measurements of serum TAG and cholesterol concentrations and that it is a useful screening method for dogs with suspected lipoprotein metabolism disorders. Using the detailed and continuous density distribution information provided by the CLPDP, important differences in lipoprotein profiles can be detected even among dogs that have serum TAG and cholesterol concentrations within the reference interval. Miniature Schnauzers with serum TAG and cholesterol concentrations within the reference interval had significantly different lipoprotein profiles than dogs of various other breeds. In addition, it was further established that specific lipoprotein fractions are associated with hypertriacylglyceridemia in Miniature Schnauzers. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study suggest that density gradient ultracentrifugation using NaBiEDTA is a useful screening method for the study of lipoprotein profiles in dogs. Therefore, this method could potentially be used for diagnostic purposes for the separation of dogs suspected of having lipoprotein abnormalities from healthy dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis G Xenoulis
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4474 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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McNeal CJ, Chatterjee S, Hou J, Worthy LS, Larner CD, Macfarlane RD, Alaupovic P, Brocia RW. Human HDL containing a novel apoC-I isoform induces smooth muscle cell apoptosis. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 98:83-93. [PMID: 23354389 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS We discovered that some adults with coronary heart disease (CHD) have a high density lipoprotein (HDL) subclass which induces human aortic smooth muscle cell (ASMC) apoptosis in vitro. The purpose of this investigation was to determine what properties differentiate apoptotic and non-apoptotic HDL subclasses in adults with and without CHD. METHODS AND RESULTS Density gradient ultracentrifugation was used to measure the particle density distribution and to isolate two HDL subclass fractions, HDL2 and HDL3, from 21 individuals, including 12 without CHD. The HDL fractions were incubated with ASMCs for 24 h; apoptosis was quantitated relative to C2-ceramide and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). The observed effect of some HDL subclasses on apoptosis was ∼6-fold greater than TNF-α and ∼16-fold greater than the cell medium. We observed that apoptotic HDL was (i) predominately associated with the HDL2 subclass; (ii) almost exclusively found in individuals with a higher apoC-I serum level and a novel, higher molecular weight isoform of apoC-I; and (iii) more common in adults with CHD, the majority of whom had high (>60 mg/dL) HDL-C levels. CONCLUSIONS Some HDL subclasses enriched in a novel isoform of apoC-I induce extensive ASMC apoptosis in vitro. Individuals with this apoptotic HDL phenotype generally have higher apoC-I and HDL-C levels consistent with an inhibitory effect of apoC-I on cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity. The association of this phenotype with processes that can promote plaque rupture may explain a source of CHD risk not accounted for by the classical risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J McNeal
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX 76508, USA.
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