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Yashima Y, Okada Y, Harada M, Okada T. Structures of ions accommodated in salty ice Ih crystals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:17945-17952. [PMID: 34382049 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01624e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Frozen aqueous electrolytes are ubiquitous and involved in various phenomena occurring in the natural environment. Although salts are expelled from ice during freezing of aqueous solutions, minor amounts of the constituent ions are accommodated in the crystal lattice of ice. This phenomenon was associated with the generation of the Workman-Reynolds freezing potential. Molecular simulations also confirmed the ion incorporation in the crystal lattice of ice Ih upon freezing of aqueous electrolytes and identified possible local structures of the ions. However, no experimental information is available on the structure of ions accommodated in the crystal lattice of ice Ih. In this work, we use X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) to study the local structures of K+ and Cl- accommodated in ice Ih single crystals. Previous molecular simulations predicted that ions are trapped in the hexagonal cavities of the ice structure or replace two water molecules in the crystal lattice. Four possible configurations are considered and optimized by the calculations using ONIOM (QM/QM/QM). The results are evaluated in terms of the agreement between the experimental XAFS spectra and those simulated from the optimized structures. The spectra are most reasonably interpreted by assuming that K+ replaces one water molecule in the ice crystal lattice and is accommodated in a tetrahedral coordination cage. Similarly, Cl- probably adopts the same configuration, because it explains the coordination number better than other structures, such as that assuming the replacement of two water molecules belonging to the same hexagonal planes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuga Yashima
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
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2
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Iijima K, Harada M, Fukuhara G, Okada T. Frozen Solution-Mediated Asymmetric Synthesis: Control of Enantiomeric Excess. J Org Chem 2020; 85:4525-4529. [PMID: 32069399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric List-Mannich reactions were carried out in the frozen state to afford optically active adducts in moderate-to-good chemical yields and enantiomeric excesses (ee). The frozen solution exerts critical control of ee via entropy changes, in sharp contrast to the enthalpy-driven asymmetric reactions typically observed in homogeneous solvents. This study provides new perspectives for asymmetric syntheses and an attractive alternative to conventional media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Iijima
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Makoto Harada
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Gaku Fukuhara
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.,JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Okada
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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3
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Okada Y, Uyama M, Harada M, Okada T. Quasichemical Approach to pH Shifts in Frozen Phosphate Buffers. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Okada
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Makoto Uyama
- Shiseido Global Innovation Center, 1-2-11, Takashima, Nishi-ku, Yokohama 220-0011, Japan
| | - Makoto Harada
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Okada
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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4
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Fujino S, Inagawa A, Harada M, Okada T. Size-Tunable Micro-/Nanofluidic Channels Fabricated by Freezing Aqueous Sucrose. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:13570-13576. [PMID: 31460486 PMCID: PMC6705206 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Upon freezing aqueous sucrose at temperatures higher than the eutectic point (-14 °C in this case), two phases, that is, ice and freeze concentrated solution (FCS), are spontaneously separated. FCS forms through-pore fluidic channels when thin ice septum is prepared from aqueous sucrose. Total FCS volume depends on temperature but is independent of the initial sucrose concentration. This allows us to control the size of the FCS channels simply by changing the initial sucrose concentration as long as temperature is kept constant. In this paper, we show that the size of the channel, which has a layered structure, can be controlled in a range from 50 nm to 3 μm. Thus, the FCS channel is suitable for size-sorting of micro- and nanoparticles. We discuss the size-sorting efficiency of the channel and demonstrate the separation of particles with different sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Fujino
- Department
of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Arinori Inagawa
- Graduate
School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya 321-8585, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Makoto Harada
- Department
of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Okada
- Department
of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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5
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Yamamoto M, Obara M, Ochi K, Yamamoto A, Takenaka K, Tanaka T, Sato K. Probing the Entropic Effect in Molecular Noncovalent Interactions between Resin-Bound Polybrominated Arenes and Small Substrates. Chempluschem 2018; 83:820-824. [PMID: 31950680 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201800304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The associative interaction between resin-bound polybrominated arenes and small molecules was analyzed by using various spectroscopic techniques as well as a synthetic molecular model to establish the thermodynamics. The binding in acetonitrile was three orders of magnitude stronger than that in methanol, partly owing to the tertiary conformational gating of the resin that controls the entropic terms. By using the entropic superiority, the associative binding of up to 3×104 m-1 is achieved with the non-biological system. A modified Hill plot for the quantitative analysis of bindings was also devised, which enabled the interactions at the molecular level to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Yamamoto
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.,Department of Materials Science and Technology, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2188, Japan.,Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Miyuki Obara
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ochi
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2188, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamamoto
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Takenaka
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2188, Japan
| | - Tsunehiro Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazunori Sato
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2188, Japan
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Thangswamy M, Maheshwari P, Dutta D, Rane V, Pujari PK. EPR Evidence of Liquid Water in Ice: An Intrinsic Property of Water or a Self-Confinement Effect? J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:5177-5189. [PMID: 29782801 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b03605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Liquid water (LW) existence in pure ice below 273 K has been a controversial aspect primarily because of the lack of experimental evidence. Recently, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) has been used to study deeply supercooled water in a rapidly frozen polycrystalline ice. The same technique can also be used to probe the presence of LW in polycrystalline ice that has formed through a more conventional, slow cooling one. In this context, the present study aims to emphasize that in case of an external probe involving techniques such as EPR, the results are influenced by the binary phase (BP) diagram of the probe-water system, which also predicts the existence of LW domains in ice, up to the eutectic point. Here we report the results of our such EPR spin-probe studies on water, which demonstrate that smaller the concentration of the probe stronger is the EPR evidence of liquid domains in polycrystalline ice. We used computer simulations based on stochastic Liouville theory to analyze the lineshapes of the EPR spectra. We show that the presence of the spin probe modifies the BP diagram of water, at very low concentrations of the spin probe. The spin probe thus acts, not like a passive reporter of the behavior of the solvent and its environment, but as an active impurity to influence the solvent. We show that there exists a lower critical concentration, below which BP diagram needs to be modified, by incorporating the effect of confinement of the spin probe. With this approach, we demonstrate that the observed EPR evidence of LW domains in ice can be accounted for by the modified BP diagram of the probe-water system. The present work highlights the importance of taking cognizance of the possibility of spin probes affecting the host systems, when interpreting the EPR (or any other probe based spectroscopic) results of phase transitions of host, as its ignorance may lead to serious misinterpretations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Priya Maheshwari
- Radiochemistry Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Trombay , Mumbai 400085 , India
| | - Dhanadeep Dutta
- Radiochemistry Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Trombay , Mumbai 400085 , India
| | - Vinayak Rane
- Radiochemistry Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Trombay , Mumbai 400085 , India
| | - Pradeep K Pujari
- Radiochemistry Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Trombay , Mumbai 400085 , India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute , Anushaktinagar , Mumbai 400094 , India
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7
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Okada T. Micro- and Nano-Liquid Phases Coexistent with Ice as Separation and Reaction Media. CHEM REC 2016; 17:415-428. [PMID: 27709788 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201600097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ice has a variety of scientifically interesting features, some of which have not been reasonably interpreted despite substantial efforts by researchers. Most chemical studies of ice have focused on the elucidation of its physicochemical nature and its roles in the natural environment. Ice often contains impurities, such as salts, and in such cases, a liquid phase coexists with solid ice over a wide temperature range. This impure ice also acts as a cryoreactor, governing the circulation of chemical species of environmental importance. Reactions and phenomena occurring in this liquid phase show features different from those seen in normal bulk aqueous solutions. In the present account, we discuss the chemical characteristics of the liquid phase that develops in a frozen aqueous phase and show how novel analytical systems can be designed based on he features of the liquid phase which are predictable in some cases but unpredictable in others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Okada
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152 - 8551, Japan
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Tokumasu K, Harada M, Okada T. X-ray Fluorescence Imaging of Frozen Aqueous NaCl Solutions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:527-533. [PMID: 26710656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In frozen aqueous NaCl, the liquid phase (LP) should coexist with ice at temperatures between the melting point and eutectic point of the system. The LP forms grooves on the surface of ice. In the present study, the morphology of the surface LP is examined by synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (XRF). These measurements afford 2D distribution maps for Cl(-) as a major component, in addition to coexistent metal ions (Mn(2+), Co(2+), Cu(2+), and Zn(2+)). The 2D images obtained for Cl(-) indicate that a Y-shaped surface groove is formed in an observation area. Mn(2+) and Co(2+) are simply enriched in the LP together with Cl(-). In contrast, Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) exhibit behavior that is different from that of Mn(2+) and Co(2+), and they are concentrated at particular locations that are obviously off of the LP; this tendency is more apparent for Zn(2+). The 2D images are converted into 3D images by taking into consideration the freeze concentration in the LP and the attenuation of X-rays. The depth is largest in the middle of the groove, particularly at the intersection of surface grooves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouki Tokumasu
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology , Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Makoto Harada
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology , Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Okada
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology , Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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9
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SHIMIZU M, HARADA M, HIBARA A, OKADA T. Shear-Driven Flow Ice Chromatography as a Possible Tool Probing Ice/Water Interface. ANAL SCI 2016; 32:805-8. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.32.805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Makoto HARADA
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | | | - Tetsuo OKADA
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology
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10
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Fluidic Grooves on Doped-Ice Surface as Size-Tunable Channels. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17308. [PMID: 26601703 PMCID: PMC4658556 DOI: 10.1038/srep17308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We propose a new principle for fabrication of size-tunable fluidic nano- and
microchannels with a ubiquitous green material, water. Grooves filled with a
solution are spontaneously formed on the surface of ice when an appropriate dopant
is incorporated. Sucrose doping allows the development of grooves with lengths of
300 μm along the boundaries of ice crystal grains. This
paper focuses on controlling the size of the liquid-filled groove and reveals its
applicability to size-selective differentiation of nano- and micromaterials. The
width of this groove can be varied in a range of 200 nm to
4 μm by adjusting the working temperature of the frozen
platform. The channel dimension is reproducible as long as the same frozen condition
is employed. We demonstrate the size-selective entrapment of particles as well as
the state evaluation of DNA by controlling the physical interference of the ice wall
with the electrophoretic migration of particles.
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11
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Suzuki A, Yui H. Spectroscopic study of the melting and reconstruction of sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) reverse micelles from their frozen states. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 443:188-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Arai Y, Harada M, Okada T. Single micro-channel formation in a gap between probe electrodes by freezing an aqueous electrolyte. ANAL SCI 2014; 30:1035-7. [PMID: 25382037 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.30.1035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A size-tunable micro-channel is fabricated in a gap between two probe electrodes by freezing aqueous KCl. The channel has been characterized by resistance measurements and channel blocking by resistive particles. The channel size can be varied by the temperature even after the preparation of the channel. The channel is potentially useful not only for size-selective particle counting but also for the size-selective separation or filtration of particles and macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Arai
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology
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13
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Abstract
Ice plays an important role for the circulations of some compounds in the global environment. Both the ice surface and the liquid phase developed in a frozen solution are involved in such reactions of the molecules of environmental importance. This leads to the idea that ice can be used to design novel analytical reaction systems. We devised ice chromatography, in which ice particles are used as the liquid chromatographic stationary phase, and have subsequently developed various analytical systems utilizing the functionality of ice. This review focuses our attention on the analytical facets of ice containing impurities such as salts; hereinafter, we call this "doped ice". The design of novel separation systems and use as microreactors with doped ice are mainly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Okada
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology
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14
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Number Density of Liquid Inclusions Formed in Frozen Aqueous Electrolyte. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:3410-6. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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Tasaki Y, Okada T. Up to 4 orders of magnitude enhancement of crown ether complexation in an aqueous phase coexistent with ice. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:6128-31. [PMID: 22468638 DOI: 10.1021/ja301989d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ice chromatography measurements have revealed anomalous enhancements of crown ether complexation in a liquid phase coexistent with ice. The 4 orders of magnitude enhancement was confirmed for the complexation of dibenzo-24-crown-8 in sub-μm-sized liquid inclusions formed in ice doped with <1 mM NaCl or KCl. This enhancement became less pronounced with increasing dopant concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuiko Tasaki
- Research Institute of Environmental Management Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8569, Japan
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