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Wang J, Chen F, Guo Q, Meng Y, Jiang M, Wu C, Zhuang J, Zhang DW. Light-Addressable Square Wave Voltammetry (LASWV) Based on a Field-Effect Structure for Electrochemical Sensing and Imaging. ACS Sens 2021; 6:1636-1642. [PMID: 33832225 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Here, we describe a new photoelectrochemical imaging method termed light-addressable square wave voltammetry (LASWV). It measures local SWV currents at an unstructured electrolyte/insulator/semiconductor (EIS) field-effect substrate by illuminating and addressing the substrate with an intensity-constant laser. Due to the continuous generation of charge carriers in the light-irradiated semiconductor, the drift and diffusion of photoinjected carriers within the semiconductor bulk would slow down the equilibrium processes of charge and discharge in one potential pulse cycle. Therefore, even though SWV is sampled at the end of the direct and reverse pulses to reject capacitive currents, in our approach, photoinduced capacitive current can still be detected as an effective sensory signal. The obtained current-potential (I-V) curve shows a typical shape corresponding to the accumulation, depletion, and inversion regions of field-effect devices. We demonstrated that LASWV can be used as a field-effect chemical sensor to measure the solution pH and monitor enzymatic reactions. More importantly, since the charge carriers are only generated in the illuminated area, the laser spot in the device can be used as a virtual probe to record local electrochemical properties such as impedance with microresolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi’an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Fangming Chen
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Qin Guo
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Yao Meng
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Mingrui Jiang
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Chunsheng Wu
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Jian Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design Rotor-Bearing System, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - De-Wen Zhang
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi’an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an 710061, China
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Limani N, Boudet A, Blanchard N, Jousselme B, Cornut R. Local probe investigation of electrocatalytic activity. Chem Sci 2020; 12:71-98. [PMID: 34163583 PMCID: PMC8178752 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04319b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As the world energy crisis remains a long-term challenge, development and access to renewable energy sources are crucial for a sustainable modern society. Electrochemical energy conversion devices are a promising option for green energy supply, although the challenge associated with electrocatalysis have caused increasing complexity in the materials and systems, demanding further research and insights. In this field, scanning probe microscopy (SPM) represents a specific source of knowledge and understanding. Thus, our aim is to present recent findings on electrocatalysts for electrolysers and fuel cells, acquired mainly through scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) and other related scanning probe techniques. This review begins with an introduction to the principles of several SPM techniques and then proceeds to the research done on various energy-related reactions, by emphasizing the progress on non-noble electrocatalytic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Limani
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, LICSEN Gif-sur-Yvette 91191 France
| | - A Boudet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, LICSEN Gif-sur-Yvette 91191 France
| | - N Blanchard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, LICSEN Gif-sur-Yvette 91191 France
| | - B Jousselme
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, LICSEN Gif-sur-Yvette 91191 France
| | - R Cornut
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, LICSEN Gif-sur-Yvette 91191 France
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Balla RJ, Jantz DT, Kurapati N, Chen R, Leonard KC, Amemiya S. Nanoscale Intelligent Imaging Based on Real-Time Analysis of Approach Curve by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. Anal Chem 2019; 91:10227-10235. [PMID: 31310104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) enables high-resolution imaging by examining the amperometric response of an ultramicroelectrode tip near a substrate. Spatial resolution, however, is compromised for nonflat substrates, where distances from a tip far exceed the tip size to avoid artifacts caused by the tip-substrate contact. Herein, we propose a new imaging mode of SECM based on real-time analysis of the approach curve to actively control nanoscale tip-substrate distances without contact. The power of this software-based method is demonstrated by imaging an insulating substrate with step edges using standard instrumentation without combination of another method for distance measurement, e.g., atomic force microscopy. An ∼500 nm diameter Pt tip approaches down to ∼50 nm from upper and lower terraces of a 500 nm height step edge, which are located by real-time theoretical fitting of an experimental approach curve to ensure the lack of electrochemical reactivity. The tip approach to the step edge can be terminated at <20 nm prior to the tip-substrate contact as soon as the theory deviates from the tip current, which is analyzed numerically afterward to locate the inert edge. The advantageous local adjustment of tip height and tip current at the final point of tip approach distinguishes the proposed imaging mode from other modes based on standard instrumentation. In addition, the glass sheath of the Pt tip is thinned to ∼150 nm to rarely contact the step edge, which is unavoidable and instantaneously detected as an abrupt change in the slope of approach curve to prevent damage of the fragile nanotip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Balla
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pittsburgh , 219 Parkman Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15260 , United States
| | - Dylan T Jantz
- Center for Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering , University of Kansas , 1501 Wakarusa Drive , Lawrence , Kansas 66047 , United States
| | - Niraja Kurapati
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pittsburgh , 219 Parkman Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15260 , United States
| | - Ran Chen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pittsburgh , 219 Parkman Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15260 , United States
| | - Kevin C Leonard
- Center for Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering , University of Kansas , 1501 Wakarusa Drive , Lawrence , Kansas 66047 , United States
| | - Shigeru Amemiya
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pittsburgh , 219 Parkman Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15260 , United States
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Raith T, Iffelsberger C, Vatsyayan P, Matysik FM. Impacts of Forced Convection Generated via High Precision Stirring on Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Experiments in Feedback Mode. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timo Raith
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors; University of Regensburg; 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Christian Iffelsberger
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors; University of Regensburg; 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Preety Vatsyayan
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors; University of Regensburg; 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Frank-Michael Matysik
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors; University of Regensburg; 93053 Regensburg Germany
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5
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Development and characterization of electrochemical flow cells for hydrodynamic scanning electrochemical microscopy. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-018-2201-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Takahashi Y, Ida H, Matsumae Y, Komaki H, Zhou Y, Kumatani A, Kanzaki M, Shiku H, Matsue T. 3D electrochemical and ion current imaging using scanning electrochemical-scanning ion conductance microscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:26728-26733. [PMID: 28951914 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05157c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Local cell-membrane permeability and ionic strength are important factors for maintaining the functions of cells. Here, we measured the spatial electrochemical and ion concentration profile near the sample surface with nanoscale resolution using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) combined with scanning ion-conductance microscopy (SICM). The ion current feedback system is an effective way to control probe-sample distance without contact and monitor the kinetic effect of mediator regeneration and the chemical concentration profile. For demonstrating 3D electrochemical and ion concentration mapping, we evaluated the reaction rate of electrochemical mediator regeneration on an unbiased conductor and visualized inhomogeneous permeability and the ion concentration 3D profile on a single fixed adipocyte cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasufumi Takahashi
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 980-8577, Japan.
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Kimmich D, Taffa DH, Dosche C, Wark M, Wittstock G. Combinatorial screening of photoanode materials - Uniform platform for compositional arrays and macroscopic electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.10.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Aydin VK, Şen M. A facile method for fabricating carbon fiber-based gold ultramicroelectrodes with different shapes using flame etching and electrochemical deposition. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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9
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Barton ZJ, Rodríguez-López J. Fabrication and Demonstration of Mercury Disc-Well Probes for Stripping-Based Cyclic Voltammetry Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. Anal Chem 2017; 89:2716-2723. [PMID: 28230351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. Barton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Joaquín Rodríguez-López
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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10
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Iffelsberger C, Vatsyayan P, Matysik FM. Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy with Forced Convection Introduced by High-Precision Stirring. Anal Chem 2017; 89:1658-1664. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Iffelsberger
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry,
Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Preety Vatsyayan
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry,
Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Frank-Michael Matysik
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry,
Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Polcari D, Dauphin-Ducharme P, Mauzeroll J. Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy: A Comprehensive Review of Experimental Parameters from 1989 to 2015. Chem Rev 2016; 116:13234-13278. [PMID: 27736057 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Polcari
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec Canada, H3A 0B8
| | - Philippe Dauphin-Ducharme
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec Canada, H3A 0B8
| | - Janine Mauzeroll
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec Canada, H3A 0B8
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M. Oja
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Yunshan Fan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Chadd M. Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Peter Defnet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
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13
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Kuss S, Trinh D, Danis L, Mauzeroll J. High-Speed Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Method for Substrate Kinetic Determination: Method and Theory. Anal Chem 2015; 87:8096-101. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Kuss
- McGill University, Chemistry Department, 801 Sherbrooke Street W., Montreal, Québec H3A 2A7, Canada
| | - Dao Trinh
- Université de la Rochelle, Laboratoire des Sciences
de l’Ingénieur Pour l’Environnement, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Laurence Danis
- McGill University, Chemistry Department, 801 Sherbrooke Street W., Montreal, Québec H3A 2A7, Canada
| | - Janine Mauzeroll
- McGill University, Chemistry Department, 801 Sherbrooke Street W., Montreal, Québec H3A 2A7, Canada
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14
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Kuss S, Kuss C, Trinh D, Schougaard SB, Mauzeroll J. Forced convection during scanning electrochemical microscopy imaging over living cells: Effect of topographies and kinetics on the microelectrode current. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.03.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Suraniti E, Kanoufi F, Gosse C, Zhao X, Dimova R, Pouligny B, Sojic N. Electrochemical Detection of Single Microbeads Manipulated by Optical Tweezers in the Vicinity of Ultramicroelectrodes. Anal Chem 2013; 85:8902-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac402200p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Frédéric Kanoufi
- ESPCI ParisTech,
PECSA, UMR CNRS 7195, 75231 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Charlie Gosse
- Laboratoire de Photonique
et de Nanostructures, LPN-CNRS, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Laboratoire de Photonique
et de Nanostructures, LPN-CNRS, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - Rumiana Dimova
- Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bernard Pouligny
- Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CNRS UPR
8641, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Neso Sojic
- Univ. Bordeaux, ENSCBP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, 33607 Pessac, France
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Lazenby RA, McKelvey K, Unwin PR. Hopping intermittent contact-scanning electrochemical microscopy (HIC-SECM): visualizing interfacial reactions and fluxes from surfaces to bulk solution. Anal Chem 2013; 85:2937-44. [PMID: 23373422 DOI: 10.1021/ac303642p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hopping intermittent contact-scanning electrochemical microscopy (HIC-SECM) is introduced as a powerful new technique for the quantitative visualization of redox activity and concentration at and above a surface of interest. HIC-SECM combines a hopping imaging mode, in which data are acquired at a tip as a function of distance (z) from the surface, at a series of x, y pixels across the surface, using the principles of intermittent contact to provide a nonelectrochemical means of determining when the tip and the substrate come into contact. The implementation of HIC-SECM is described, and SECM feedback measurements in three-dimensional (3D) space over a gold band array are presented. To demonstrate the generality of the methodology, flux imaging is also carried out over a Pt-disk ultramicroelectrode (UME) in the feedback mode and substrate generation/tip collection mode. The type of information that can be extracted from the data sets acquired include x-y current maps at a well-defined tip-substrate separation (parallel to the surface), x-z current maps (normal to the surface), 3D x-y-z profiles, approach curves at particular spots on the surface of interest, and surface topography. Moreover, because HIC-SECM utilizes an oscillating probe, alternating current data are also obtained that greatly enhances the information content compared to other types of electrochemical imaging. Furthermore, interfacial fluxes are ubiquitous in chemistry and allied areas, and HIC-SECM opens up the possibility of detailed flux visualization in three dimensions for many physicochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Lazenby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK CV4 7AL
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Schäfer D, Puschhof A, Schuhmann W. Scanning electrochemical microscopy at variable temperatures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:5215-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp43520b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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