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Stelmaszczyk P, Kwaczyński K, Rudnicki K, Skrzypek S, Wietecha-Posłuszny R, Poltorak L. Nitrazepam and 7-aminonitrazepam studied at the macroscopic and microscopic electrified liquid-liquid interface. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:182. [PMID: 37052720 PMCID: PMC10101902 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05739-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Two benzodiazepine type drugs, that is, nitrazepam and 7-aminonitrazepam, were studied at the electrified liquid-liquid interface (eLLI). Both drugs are illicit and act sedative in the human body and moreover are used as date rape drugs. Existence of the diazepine ring in the concerned chemicals structure and one additional amine group (for 7-aminonitrazepam) allows for the molecular charging below their pKa values, and hence, both drugs can cross the eLLI interface upon application of the appropriate value of the Galvani potential difference. Chosen molecules were studied at the macroscopic eLLI formed in the four electrode cell and microscopic eLLI formed within a microtip defined as the single pore having 25 μm in diameter. Microscopic eLLI was formed using only a few μL of the organic and the aqueous phase with the help of a 3D printed cell. Parameters such as limit of detection and voltammetric detection sensitivity are derived from the experimental data. Developed methodology was used to detect nitrazepam in pharmaceutical formulation and both drugs (nitrazepam and 7-aminonitrazepam) in spiked biological fluids (urine and blood).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Stelmaszczyk
- Laboratory for Forensic Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Kwaczyński
- Electrochemistry@Soft Interfaces Team, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403, Lodz, Poland
| | - Konrad Rudnicki
- Electrochemistry@Soft Interfaces Team, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sławomira Skrzypek
- Electrochemistry@Soft Interfaces Team, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403, Lodz, Poland
| | - Renata Wietecha-Posłuszny
- Laboratory for Forensic Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Lukasz Poltorak
- Electrochemistry@Soft Interfaces Team, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403, Lodz, Poland.
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2
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Ghaheri N, Austen BJJ, Herzog G, Ogden MI, Jones F, Arrigan DWM. Spontaneous formation of barium sulfate crystals at liquid–liquid interfaces. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce01102f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Interfacial ion transfer from organic phase to aqueous phase is employed as the basis for formation of barium sulfate crystals close to the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Ghaheri
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | - Benjamin J. J. Austen
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | | | - Mark I. Ogden
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | - Franca Jones
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | - Damien W. M. Arrigan
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
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3
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Viada BN, García MC, Yudi LM. Interfacial behaviour and quantitative analysis of hexadecyl phosphocholine drug at a polarized liquid/liquid interface. Analyst 2021; 147:109-119. [PMID: 34847570 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01641e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The interfacial behaviour of the amphiphilic drug hexadecyl phosphocholine (HePC, also called miltefosine) was analysed by cyclic voltammetry applied at the water/1,2-dichloroethane interface. HePC is the only oral drug currently approved for the treatment of visceral, mucosal and cutaneous leishmaniasis. Because of its amphiphilic character, it can interact with biological membranes, solubilizing their compounds and leading to cell disruption. These interactions are responsible for its side effects and toxicity; therefore, HePC quantification in biological fluids and pharmaceutical preparations is extremely important. However, the lack of a chromophore in its structure prevents its spectroscopic determination. For this reason, the main challenge of this work was to propose an electroanalytical method for the quantification of this drug, which constitutes a simpler alternative than liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry already reported. With this aim, in the first part of this work, the mechanism of the electrochemical process occurring after polarizing the interface was studied. By varying the experimental conditions, it was possible to determine that in a first step, at open circuit or at low potential values, HePC spontaneously adsorbed to the interface. Later, as the potential increased, the transfer of the anions present in the organic phase towards the aqueous side of the interface, where the HePC polar head groups were present, occurred thus forming adsorbed "ion pairs" and producing an increase in positive current. Subsequently, in the negative sweep, the "ion pairs" dissociated and desorbed giving rise to a negative peak. In this way, both negative and positive currents were considered useful for quantitative purposes. In the second part of this work, an appropriate experimental procedure was designed and proposed as a quantitative methodology for the HePC determination, which consisted of cleaning the interface and controlling the time at open circuit, followed by the voltammetric analysis. A linear response of both, positive or negative, peak currents with drug concentration was obtained within an acceptable range, providing a simple solution for the HePC quantification problem. Future studies will be carried out to evaluate the quantification and selectivity in real matrices containing polymer micelles working as HePC nanocarriers with the aim of avoiding the adverse effects of HePC when it is orally or intravenously administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamín Nahuel Viada
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Córdoba, Argentina. .,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba, INFIQC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mónica Cristina García
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Córdoba, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica, UNITEFA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Lidia Mabel Yudi
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Córdoba, Argentina. .,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba, INFIQC, Córdoba, Argentina
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4
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Lamichhane HB, Henares TG, Hackett MJ, Arrigan DWM. Structural Changes in Insulin at a Soft Electrochemical Interface. Anal Chem 2021; 93:9094-9102. [PMID: 34152129 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the interaction of proteins at interfaces, which occurs at or within cell membranes and lipoprotein vesicles, is central to our understanding of protein function. Therefore, new experimental approaches to understand how protein structure is influenced by protein-interface interactions are important. Herein we build on our previous work exploring electrochemistry at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) to investigate changes in protein secondary structure that are modulated by protein-interface interactions. The ITIES provides an experimental framework to drive protein adsorption at an interface, allowing subsequent spectroscopic analysis (e.g., Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) to monitor changes in protein structure. Here, we reveal that the interaction between insulin and the interface destabilizes native insulin secondary structure, promoting formation of α helix secondary structures. These structural alterations result from protein-interface rather than protein-protein interactions at the interface. Although this is an emerging approach, our results provide a foundation highlighting the value of the ITIES as a tool to study protein structure and interactions at interfaces. Such knowledge may be useful to elucidate protein function within biological systems or to aid sensor development.
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Rudnicki K, Sobczak K, Borgul P, Skrzypek S, Poltorak L. Determination of quinine in tonic water at the miniaturized and polarized liquid-liquid interface. Food Chem 2021; 364:130417. [PMID: 34175631 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In this work we report an electrochemical approach to quantitative and qualitative analysis of quinine (QN) at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES). This was done at the macroscopic (macroITIES) and microscopic (µITIES) systems using ion transfer voltammetry (ITV). The linear response of the peak current vs. increasing concentrations of QN at the µITIES was from 2.50 µM to 29.13 µM and the corresponding calculated limit of detection (LOD) for the current signals originating from QN transfer from the aqueous to the organic phase was equal to 0.49 µM. Additionally, the influence of pH (2-12) of the aqueous phase on the recorded QN signals was investigated. We have found that our method is fully applicable for QN direct determination in non-treated tonic water, as confirmed on three different real samples from three different manufacturers. Finally, a number of validation parameters for the developed method are provided and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Rudnicki
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Karolina Sobczak
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403 Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Borgul
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403 Lodz, Poland
| | - Sławomira Skrzypek
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403 Lodz, Poland
| | - Lukasz Poltorak
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403 Lodz, Poland.
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Interfacial association of ferritin with anionic fluorescent probe at the 1,2-dichloroethane/water interface. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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7
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Kowalewska K, Rodriguez-Prieto T, Skrzypek S, Cano J, Ramírez RG, Poltorak L. Electroanalytical study of five carbosilane dendrimers at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions. Analyst 2021; 146:1376-1385. [PMID: 33403382 DOI: 10.1039/d0an02101f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This work is focused on the electroanalytical study of a family of five imidazolium-terminated carbosilane dendrimers (from generation G1 to G3) at the polarized liquid-liquid interface formed between water and 1,2-dichloroethane solutions. All dendrimers with permanently and positively charged imidazolium groups located at the periphery within the branched carbosilane core were found to be electrochemically active. Based on the concentration and scan rate dependencies we have concluded that these molecules undergo interfacial ion transfer processes accompanied by interfacial adsorption/desorption rather than the electrochemically induced interfacial formation of the macromolecule-anion (tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)borate) from the organic phase complex. Also, we report several physicochemical and electroanalytical parameters (e.g. diffusion coefficients, LODs, and detection sensitivities) for the studied family of dendrimers. Our work aims to contribute to the understating of the interaction between branched macromolecules and biomimetic interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kowalewska
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Electroanalysis and Electrochemistry Group, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403 Lodz, Poland.
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8
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Podrażka M, Witkowska Nery E, Henares TG, Jönsson-Niedziółka M, Arrigan DWM. Ion Transfer Voltammetry with an Electrochemical Pen. Anal Chem 2020; 92:15997-16004. [PMID: 33259187 PMCID: PMC7745201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present a new electrochemical system that combines paper-based sensing and ion-transfer voltammetry, bringing the latter a step closer toward point-of-care applications. Studies at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) are often performed to detect redox-inactive species; unfortunately, due to the inherent instability of the interface, it is rather poorly explored outside specialized laboratories. Here, we address this limitation by combining a pen-like device containing the gelled organic phase with a paper-supported aqueous phase. This combination makes the system more user-friendly, potentially low-cost, and easy to assemble. We show the applicability of the new cell to analyze both simple and ionophore-facilitated transfer of ions and proteins, preconcentration of species, and analysis of mixtures through combination with paper chromatography. The native ion content of the paper also enabled measurements without added electrolytes. Those studies could broaden the scope for the application of the label-free electrochemical detection of nonredox-active species at points-of-need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Podrażka
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emilia Witkowska Nery
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Terence G Henares
- Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | | | - Damien W M Arrigan
- Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
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9
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Zannah S, W M Arrigan D. Electrochemistry of catalase at a liquid|liquid micro-interface array. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 138:107694. [PMID: 33333457 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemistry of catalase (CAT) was investigated at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) as a step towards its detection. Electrochemistry at the ITIES offers advantages such as the non-redox detection of biomolecules. The electrochemical behaviour of CAT at the ITIES, in a micro-interface array format, displayed a distinct cyclic voltammogram when the aqueous phase pH was lower than the isoelectric point (pI) of CAT. No voltammetric response was observed when the aqueous phase pH > pI of CAT, indicating that neutral or negatively charged CAT has no capability to facilitate anion transfer from the organic phase. Adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdSV) was assessed for detection of low concentrations at the µITIES array. Application of a positive preconcentration potential for a fixed time enabled interfacial accumulation of CAT as a complex; subsequently, a voltammetric scan to lower potentials desorbed the complex, providing the electroanalytical signal. Assessment of sample matrix effects by examining the electrochemistry of CAT in artificial serum indicated that detection in pH-adjusted samples is feasible. Together, these results demonstrate that CAT is electroactive at the liquid-liquid interface and this may be useful as a strategy to detect and characterize the enzyme in a label-free manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaheda Zannah
- Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | - Damien W M Arrigan
- Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia.
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10
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Ametryn detection by proton assisted transfer at a single micro-interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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11
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Viada BN, Yudi LM, Arrigan DWM. Detection of perfluorooctane sulfonate by ion-transfer stripping voltammetry at an array of microinterfaces between two immiscible electrolyte solutions. Analyst 2020; 145:5776-5786. [PMID: 32672287 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00884b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a category of persistent environmental contaminants that have been linked to health issues in humans. In this work, we investigate the detection of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS-), one such PFAS, by ion-transfer voltammetry at an array of microinterfaces between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (μITIES). Cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and differential pulse stripping voltammetry (DPSV) indicated the ion-transfer behaviour and detection of PFOS-, with the latter enabling detection at picomolar concentrations. Using a 5 min preconcentration time, during which PFOS- was preconcentrated into the organic phase of the μITIES array, a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.03 nM (0.015 μg L-1) in aqueous electrolyte was achieved. This performance is attributed to the enhanced mass transport (radial diffusion) to the μITIES that occurs during preconcentration. To investigate the potentiality for applications of this analytical approach to environmental samples, measurements in a range of water matrices were investigated. Drinking water, laboratory tap water and seawater matrices were assessed by spiking with PFOS- over the 0.1-1 nM range. A matrix effect was observed, with changes in sensitivity and LOD relative to those in pure aqueous electrolyte solutions. Such matrix effects need to be considered in designing applications of these PFOS- measurements to environmental samples. The results presented here indicate that DPSV at a μITIES array can form the basis for a fast and sensitive screening method for PFOS- contamination that is suited to portable and on-site applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamín N Viada
- Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia.
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Booth SG, Felisilda BMB, Alvarez de Eulate E, Gustafsson OJR, Arooj M, Mancera RL, Dryfe RAW, Hackett MJ, Arrigan DWM. Secondary Structural Changes in Proteins as a Result of Electroadsorption at Aqueous-Organogel Interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:5821-5829. [PMID: 30955327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b04227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The electroadsorption of proteins at aqueous-organic interfaces offers the possibility to examine protein structural rearrangements upon interaction with lipophilic phases, without modifying the bulk protein or relying on a solid support. The aqueous-organic interface has already provided a simple means of electrochemical protein detection, often involving adsorption and ion complexation; however, little is yet known about the protein structure at these electrified interfaces. This work focuses on the interaction between proteins and an electrified aqueous-organic interface via controlled protein electroadsorption. Four proteins known to be electroactive at such interfaces were studied: lysozyme, myoglobin, cytochrome c, and hemoglobin. Following controlled protein electroadsorption onto the interface, ex situ structural characterization of the proteins by FTIR spectroscopy was undertaken, focusing on secondary structural traits within the amide I band. The structural variations observed included unfolding to form aggregated antiparallel β-sheets, where the rearrangement was specifically dependent on the interaction with the organic phase. This was supported by MALDI ToF MS measurements, which showed the formation of protein-anion complexes for three of these proteins, and molecular dynamic simulations, which modeled the structure of lysozyme at an aqueous-organic interface. On the basis of these findings, the modulation of protein secondary structure by interfacial electrochemistry opens up unique prospects to selectively modify proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel G Booth
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester M13 9PL U.K
| | | | | | | | - Mahreen Arooj
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences , University of Sharjah , Sharjah 27272 , United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Robert A W Dryfe
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester M13 9PL U.K
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Abstract
The electrochemical behavior of a synthetic oligonucleotide, thrombin-binding aptamer (TBA, 15-mer), was explored at a liquid-organogel microinterface array. TBA did not display any response when only background electrolytes were present in both phases. On the basis of literature reports that surfactants can influence nucleic acid detection, the response in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium (CTA+) was examined. With both TBA and CTA+ in the aqueous phase, the transfer current for CTA+ was diminished, signifying the interaction of CTA+ with TBA. Experiments with CTA+ spiked into the organic phase revealed a sharp current peak, consistent with the interfacial formation of a CTA+-TBA complex. However, use of CTA+ as the organic phase electrolyte cation, as the salt with tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)borate, greatly improved the response to TBA. In this case, a distinctive peak response (at ca. -0.25 V) was attributed to the transfer of CTA+ across the soft interface to complex with aqueous phase TBA. Employing this process as a detection step enabled a detection limit of 0.11 μM TBA (by cyclic voltammetry). Furthermore, the presence of magnesium cations at physiological concentration resulted in the disappearance of the TBA response because of Mg2+-induced folding of TBA. Also, the current response of TBA was decreased by the addition of thrombin, indicating TBA interacted with this binding partner. Finally, the interfacial surfactant-aptamer interaction was explored in a synthetic urine matrix that afforded a detection limit of 0.29 μM TBA. These results suggest that aptamer-binding interactions can be monitored by electrochemistry at aqueous-organic interfaces and open up a new possibility for detection in aptamer-binding assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bren Mark B Felisilda
- Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, School of Molecular and Life Sciences , Curtin University , GPO Box U1987, Perth , Western Australia 6845 , Australia
| | - Damien W M Arrigan
- Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, School of Molecular and Life Sciences , Curtin University , GPO Box U1987, Perth , Western Australia 6845 , Australia
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Xie L, Huang X, Su B. Portable Sensor for the Detection of Choline and Its Derivatives Based on Silica Isoporous Membrane and Gellified Nanointerfaces. ACS Sens 2017; 2:803-809. [PMID: 28723110 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A portable amperometric ion sensor was fabricated by integrating silica isoporous membrane (SIM) and organogel composed of polyvinyl chloride and 1,2-dichloroethane (PVC-DCE) on a 3D-printed polymer chip. The detection of ionic species in aqueous samples could be accomplished by adding a microliter of sample droplet to the sensor and by identifying the ion-transfer potential and current magnitude at the water/organogel interface array templated by SIM. Thanks to the ultrasmall channel size (2-3 nm in diameter), high channel density (4 × 108 μm-2), and ultrathin thickness (80 nm) of SIM, the ensemble of nanoscopic water/organogel (nano-W/Gel) interface array behaved like a microinterface with two back-to-back hemispherical mass diffusion zones. So, the heterogeneous ion-transfer across the nano-W/Gel interface array generated a steady-state sigmoidal current wave. The detection of choline (Ch) and its derivatives, including acetylcholine (ACh), benzoylcholine (BCh), and atropine (AP), in aqueous samples was examined with this portable sensor. Using differential pulse stripping voltammetry (DPSV), the quantification of these analytes was achieved with a limit of detection (LOD) down to 1 μM. Moreover, the portable ion sensor was insensitive to various potential interferents that might coexist in vivo, owing to size-/charge-based selectivity and antifouling capacity of SIM. With this priority, the portable ion sensor was able to quantitatively determine Ch and its derivatives in diluted urine and blood samples. The LODs for Ch, ACh, AP, and BCh in urine were 1.12, 1.30, 1.08, and 0.99 μM, and those for blood samples were 3.61, 3.38, 2.32, and 1.81 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisiqi Xie
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry,
Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry,
Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bin Su
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry,
Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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15
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Alvarez de Eulate E, O'Sullivan S, Arrigan DWM. Electrochemically Induced Formation of Cytochrome c
Oligomers at Soft Interfaces. ChemElectroChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201600851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Alvarez de Eulate
- Nanochemistry Research Institute & Department of Chemistry; Curtin University; GPO Box U1987 Perth Western Australia, Australia 6845
| | - Shane O'Sullivan
- Nanochemistry Research Institute & Department of Chemistry; Curtin University; GPO Box U1987 Perth Western Australia, Australia 6845
| | - Damien W. M. Arrigan
- Nanochemistry Research Institute & Department of Chemistry; Curtin University; GPO Box U1987 Perth Western Australia, Australia 6845
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16
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Xie L, Huang X, Lin X, Su B. Nanoscopic liquid/liquid interface arrays supported by silica isoporous membranes: Trans-membrane resistance and ion transfer reactions. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Felisilda BMB, Alvarez de Eulate E, Stringer DN, Fitton JH, Arrigan DWM. Electrochemical behaviour at a liquid-organogel microinterface array of fucoidan extracted from algae. Analyst 2017; 142:3194-3202. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an00761b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical behaviour of fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide, was investigated, leading to a detection strategy by adsorptive stripping voltammetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bren Mark B. Felisilda
- Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces
- Department of Chemistry
- Curtin University
- Perth
- Australia
| | - Eva Alvarez de Eulate
- Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces
- Department of Chemistry
- Curtin University
- Perth
- Australia
| | | | | | - Damien W. M. Arrigan
- Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces
- Department of Chemistry
- Curtin University
- Perth
- Australia
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18
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Electrochemical signature of hen egg white lysozyme at the glycerol-modified liquid-liquid interface. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.10.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Huang X, Xie L, Lin X, Su B. Permselective Ion Transport Across the Nanoscopic Liquid/Liquid Interface Array. Anal Chem 2016; 88:6563-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- Institute of Analytical
Chemistry,
Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lisiqi Xie
- Institute of Analytical
Chemistry,
Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xingyu Lin
- Institute of Analytical
Chemistry,
Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bin Su
- Institute of Analytical
Chemistry,
Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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20
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Arooj M, Gandhi NS, Kreck CA, Arrigan DWM, Mancera RL. Adsorption and Unfolding of Lysozyme at a Polarized Aqueous–Organic Liquid Interface. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:3100-12. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahreen Arooj
- School of Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI Biosciences and Curtin Institute
for Computation, ‡Department of Chemistry and Nanochemistry Research Institute, Curtin University, GPO
Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Neha S. Gandhi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI Biosciences and Curtin Institute
for Computation, ‡Department of Chemistry and Nanochemistry Research Institute, Curtin University, GPO
Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Cara A. Kreck
- School of Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI Biosciences and Curtin Institute
for Computation, ‡Department of Chemistry and Nanochemistry Research Institute, Curtin University, GPO
Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Damien W. M. Arrigan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI Biosciences and Curtin Institute
for Computation, ‡Department of Chemistry and Nanochemistry Research Institute, Curtin University, GPO
Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Ricardo L. Mancera
- School of Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI Biosciences and Curtin Institute
for Computation, ‡Department of Chemistry and Nanochemistry Research Institute, Curtin University, GPO
Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
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21
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Lee HJ, Arrigan DWM, Karim MN, Kim H. Amperometric Ion Sensing Approaches at Liquid/Liquid Interfaces for Inorganic, Organic and Biological Ions. ELECTROCHEMICAL STRATEGIES IN DETECTION SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782622529-00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemistry at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) has become an invaluable tool for the selective and sensitive detection of cationic and anionic species, including charged drug molecules and proteins. In addition, neutral molecules can also be detected at the ITIES via enzymatic reactions. This chapter highlights recent developments towards creating a wide spectrum of sensing platforms involving ion transfer across the ITIES. As well as outlining the basic principles needed for performing these sensing applications, the development of ITIES-based detection strategies for inorganic, organic, and biological ions is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University 80 Daehakro, Buk-gu Daegu-city 702-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Damien W. M. Arrigan
- Nanochemistry Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, Curtin University GPO Box U1987 Perth, Western Australia 6845 Australia
| | - Md. Nurul Karim
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University 80 Daehakro, Buk-gu Daegu-city 702-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerim Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University 80 Daehakro, Buk-gu Daegu-city 702-701 Republic of Korea
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22
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Investigation of a solvent-cast organogel to form a liquid-gel microinterface array for electrochemical detection of lysozyme. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 893:34-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Mirceski V, Mitrova B, Ivanovski V, Mitreska N, Aleksovska A, Gulaboski R. Studying the ion transfer across liquid interface of thin organic-film-modified electrodes in the presence of glucose oxidase. J Solid State Electrochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-015-2863-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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24
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Liu Y, Strutwolf J, Arrigan DWM. Ion-Transfer Voltammetric Behavior of Propranolol at Nanoscale Liquid–Liquid Interface Arrays. Anal Chem 2015; 87:4487-94. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Nanochemistry
Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, GPO
Box U1987, Perth, Western
Australia 6845, Australia
| | - Jörg Strutwolf
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Damien W. M. Arrigan
- Nanochemistry
Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, GPO
Box U1987, Perth, Western
Australia 6845, Australia
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25
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Gao K, Jiang XH, Hu DP, Bian SJ, Wang M, Chen Y. Impact of an ionic surfactant on the ion transfer behaviors at meso-liquid/liquid interface arrays. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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26
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Herzog G. Recent developments in electrochemistry at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions for ion sensing. Analyst 2015; 140:3888-96. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an00601e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The most recent developments on electrochemical sensing of ions at the liquid–liquid interface are reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire Herzog
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement (LCPME)
- UMR 7564
- CNRS – Université de Lorraine
- Villers-lès-Nancy
- France
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27
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Jiang X, Gao K, Hu D, Wang H, Bian S, Chen Y. Ion-transfer voltammetric determination of folic acid at meso-liquid–liquid interface arrays. Analyst 2015; 140:2823-33. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an02011a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Voltammetric studies on the simple ion transfer (IT) behaviors of an important water-soluble B-vitamin, folic acid (FA), at the liquid–liquid (L–L) interface were firstly performed and applied as a novel detection method for FA under physiological conditions. This work provides a new and attractive strategy for the detection of FA− and other biological anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuheng Jiang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Shanghai Institute of Technology
- Shanghai 201418
- China
| | - Kui Gao
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Shanghai Institute of Technology
- Shanghai 201418
- China
| | - Daopan Hu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Shanghai Institute of Technology
- Shanghai 201418
- China
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Shanghai Institute of Technology
- Shanghai 201418
- China
| | - Shujuan Bian
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Shanghai Institute of Technology
- Shanghai 201418
- China
| | - Yong Chen
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Shanghai Institute of Technology
- Shanghai 201418
- China
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28
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Alvarez de Eulate E, Qiao L, Scanlon MD, Girault HH, Arrigan DWM. Fingerprinting the tertiary structure of electroadsorbed lysozyme at soft interfaces by electrostatic spray ionization mass spectrometry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:11829-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc05545d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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29
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Abstract
Here we review the recent applications of ion transfer (IT) at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) for electrochemical sensing and imaging. In particular, we focus on the development and recent applications of the nanopipet-supported ITIES and double-polymer-modified electrode, which enable the dynamic electrochemical measurements of IT at nanoscopic and macroscopic ITIES, respectively. High-quality IT voltammograms are obtainable using either technique to quantitatively assess the kinetics and dynamic mechanism of IT at the ITIES. Nanopipet-supported ITIES serves as an amperometric tip for scanning electrochemical microscopy to allow for unprecedentedly high-resolution electrochemical imaging. Voltammetric ion sensing at double-polymer-modified electrodes offers high sensitivity and unique multiple-ion selectivity. The promising future applications of these dynamic approaches for bioanalysis and electrochemical imaging are also discussed.
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30
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Arrigan D, Herzog G, Scanlon M, Strutwolf J. Bioanalytical Applications of Electrochemistry at Liquid-Liquid Microinterfaces. ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY: A SERIES OF ADVANCES 2013. [DOI: 10.1201/b15576-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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31
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Alvarez de Eulate E, O'Sullivan S, Fletcher S, Newsholme P, Arrigan DWM. Ion-Transfer Electrochemistry of Rat Amylin at the Water-Organogel Microinterface Array and Its Selective Detection in a Protein Mixture. Chem Asian J 2013; 8:2096-101. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201300215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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32
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Stripping voltammetry at micro-interface arrays: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 769:10-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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33
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O’Sullivan S, Arrigan DWM. Impact of a Surfactant on the Electroactivity of Proteins at an Aqueous–Organogel Microinterface Array. Anal Chem 2013; 85:1389-94. [DOI: 10.1021/ac302222u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shane O’Sullivan
- Nanochemistry Research
Institute, Department
of Chemistry, Curtin University, G.P.O. Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | - Damien W. M. Arrigan
- Nanochemistry Research
Institute, Department
of Chemistry, Curtin University, G.P.O. Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
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34
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O'Sullivan S, Alvarez de Eulate E, Yuen YH, Helmerhorst E, Arrigan DWM. Stripping voltammetric detection of insulin at liquid–liquid microinterfaces in the presence of bovine albumin. Analyst 2013; 138:6192-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an01123b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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36
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Alvarez de Eulate E, Serls L, Arrigan DWM. Detection of haemoglobin using an adsorption approach at a liquid–liquid microinterface array. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:3801-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6622-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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37
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Kabagambe B, Izadyar A, Amemiya S. Stripping voltammetry of nanomolar potassium and ammonium ions using a valinomycin-doped double-polymer electrode. Anal Chem 2012; 84:7979-86. [PMID: 22891987 DOI: 10.1021/ac301773w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report on the first application of an ionophore-doped double-polymer electrode for ion-transfer stripping voltammetry (ITSV) to explore the nanomolar limit of detection (LOD) and multiple-ion detectability. We developed a theoretical model for ITSV at a thin ionophore-doped membrane on the solid supporting electrode to demonstrate that its LOD is controlled by the equilibrium preconcentration of an aqueous analyte ion as an ionophore complex into the thin polymer membrane and is lowered by the formation of a more stable ion-ionophore complex. The theoretical predictions were confirmed using valinomycin as a K(+)-selective ionophore, which forms a ∼60 times more stable complex with K(+) than with NH(4)(+), as confirmed by cyclic voltammetry. A LOD of 0.6 nM K(+) was achieved by ITSV using commercial ultrapure water as a K(+)-free media, where NH(4)(+) contamination at a higher concentration was also detected by ITSV. The dependence of the ITSV response on the preconcentration time was monitored under the rotating-electrode configuration and analyzed theoretically to directly determine ∼100 nM NH(4)(+) and ∼5 nM K(+) contaminations in commercial ultrapure water and laboratory-purified water, respectively, without the background ITSV measurement of an analyte-free blank solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Kabagambe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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38
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39
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Alvarez de Eulate E, Silvester DS, Arrigan DWM. Behavior of Lysozyme at the Electrified Water/Room Temperature Ionic Liquid Interface. Chem Asian J 2012; 7:2559-61. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201200390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Alvarez de Eulate
- Department of Chemistry, Nanochemistry Research Institute, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987 Perth WA 6845 (Australia), Fax: (+61) 8 92669735
| | - Debbie S. Silvester
- Department of Chemistry, Nanochemistry Research Institute, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987 Perth WA 6845 (Australia), Fax: (+61) 8 92669735
| | - Damien W. M. Arrigan
- Department of Chemistry, Nanochemistry Research Institute, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987 Perth WA 6845 (Australia), Fax: (+61) 8 92669735
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40
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Gan S, Zhou M, Zhang J, Zhong L, Ulstrup J, Niu L. Ion Transfer Voltammetry Associated with Two Polarizable Interfaces Within Water and Moderately Hydrophobic Ionic Liquid Systems. ELECTROANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201200123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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41
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Herzog G, Flynn S, Johnson C, Arrigan DW. Electroanalytical Behavior of Poly-l-Lysine Dendrigrafts at the Interface between Two Immiscible Electrolyte Solutions. Anal Chem 2012; 84:5693-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac300856w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire Herzog
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Lee Maltings, Cork, Ireland
| | - Shane Flynn
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Lee Maltings, Cork, Ireland
| | - Colm Johnson
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Lee Maltings, Cork, Ireland
| | - Damien W.M. Arrigan
- Nanochemistry Research Institute,
Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
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