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Jaćimović S, Kiprovski B, Ristivojević P, Dimić D, Nakarada Đ, Dojčinović B, Sikora V, Teslić N, Pantelić NĐ. Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Potential, and Nutritional Evaluation of Cultivated Sorghum Grains: A Combined Experimental, Theoretical, and Multivariate Analysis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1485. [PMID: 37627480 PMCID: PMC10451854 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sorghum grain (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is a gluten-free cereal with excellent nutritional value and is a good source of antioxidants, including polyphenols, as well as minerals with proven health benefits. Herein, the phenolic composition, elemental profile, and antioxidant activity of sixteen food-grade sorghum grains (S1-S16) grown under agroecological conditions in Serbia were determined. Nine phenolic compounds characteristic of sorghum grains, such as luteolinidin, 5-methoxyluteolinidin, luteolidin derivative, luteolidin glucoside, apigeninidin, 7-methoxyapigeninidin, apigeninidin glucoside, and cyanidin derivative, were quantified. The antioxidant potential of the analyzed sorghum grains was evaluated by UV/Vis (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP) and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance spectroscopy (hydroxyl and ascorbyl radical scavenging assays). The content of macro- and microelements was determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission spectroscopy. Theoretical daily intakes of selected major and trace elements were assessed and compared with the Recommended Daily Allowance or Adequate Intake. Sample S8 had the highest amount of phenolic compounds, while S4, S6, and S8 exhibited the strongest antioxidative potential. The sorghum studied could completely satisfy the daily needs of macro- (K, Mg, and P) and microelements (Se, Zn, Fe). Pattern recognition techniques confirmed the discrimination of samples based on phenolic profile and elemental analysis and recognized the main markers responsible for differences between the investigated samples. The reaction between hydroxyl radicals and luteolinidin/apigeninidin was investigated by Density Functional Theory and thermodynamically preferred mechanism was determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Jaćimović
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (S.J.); (B.K.); (V.S.)
| | - Biljana Kiprovski
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (S.J.); (B.K.); (V.S.)
| | - Petar Ristivojević
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Dušan Dimić
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.D.); (Đ.N.)
| | - Đura Nakarada
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.D.); (Đ.N.)
| | - Biljana Dojčinović
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Vladimir Sikora
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (S.J.); (B.K.); (V.S.)
| | - Nemanja Teslić
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Nebojša Đ. Pantelić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
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Solanum dulcamara L. Berries: A Convenient Model System to Study Redox Processes in Relation to Fruit Ripening. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020346. [PMID: 36829905 PMCID: PMC9952312 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study provides, for the first time, a physicochemical and biochemical characterization of the redox processes associated with the ripening of Solanum dulcamara L. (bittersweet) berries. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (EPRS) and Imaging (EPRI) measurements of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were performed in parallel with the tissue-specific metabolic profiling of major antioxidants and assessment of antioxidant enzymes activity. Fruit transition from the mature green (MG) to ripe red (RR) stage involved changes in the qualitative and quantitative content of antioxidants and the associated cellular oxidation and peroxidation processes. The skin of bittersweet berries, which was the major source of antioxidants, exhibited the highest antioxidant potential against DPPH radicals and nitroxyl spin probe 3CP. The efficient enzymatic antioxidant system played a critical protective role against the deleterious effects of progressive oxidative stress during ripening. Here, we present the EPRI methodology to assess the redox status of fruits and to discriminate between the redox states of different tissues. Interestingly, the intracellular reoxidation of cell-permeable nitroxide probe 3CP was observed for the first time in fruits or any other plant tissue, and its intensity is herein proposed as a reliable indicator of oxidative stress during ripening. The described noninvasive EPRI technique has the potential to have broader application in the study of redox processes associated with the development, senescence, and postharvest storage of fruits, as well as other circumstances in which oxidative stress is implicated.
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Milosavljević DM, Maksimović VM, Milivojević JM, Nakarada ĐJ, Mojović MD, Dragišić Maksimović JJ. Rich in Phenolics-Strong Antioxidant Fruit? Comparative Study of 25 Strawberry Cultivars. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3566. [PMID: 36559677 PMCID: PMC9784063 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds of 25 newly introduced strawberry cultivars were profiled using spectrophotometry, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Total phenolic and anthocyanin content (TPC and TACY, respectively), as well as vitamin C, and concentrations of individual phenolic compounds in fruits were evaluated to identify the most promising cultivars according to their phenolic profile. The highest values of TPC, TACY, and vitamin C were recorded in 'Premy' (1.53 mg eq GA g-1 FW), 'Sandra' (30.60 mg eq Pg-3-g 100 g-1 FW), and 'Laetitia' (56.32 mg 100 g-1 FW), respectively. The DPPH and •OH radicals scavenging activity of fruit methanolic extracts was estimated using EPR spectroscopy. All cultivars are almost uniformly effective in the scavenging of •OH radical, while 'Tea', 'Premy', and 'Joly' were marked as highly potent cultivars (over 70%) in terms of DPPH-antiradical activity. Specific peroxidase activities were the highest in 'Garda', 'Federica', and 'Rumba' (0.11, 0.08, and 0.06 U mg-1 prot, respectively). 'Laetitia', 'Joly', 'Arianna', 'Tea', and 'Mila' cultivars were distinguished from others as the richest concerning almost all flavonoids and phenolic acids, including some other parameters of bioactivity. These cultivars could be recommended to consumers as functional fruit foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragica M. Milosavljević
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vuk M. Maksimović
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Đura J. Nakarada
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš D. Mojović
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena J. Dragišić Maksimović
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
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Krunić M, Ristić B, Bošnjak M, Paunović V, Tovilović-Kovačević G, Zogović N, Mirčić A, Marković Z, Todorović-Marković B, Jovanović S, Kleut D, Mojović M, Nakarada Đ, Marković O, Vuković I, Harhaji-Trajković L, Trajković V. Graphene quantum dot antioxidant and proautophagic actions protect SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells from oxidative stress-mediated apoptotic death. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 177:167-180. [PMID: 34678419 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the ability of graphene quantum dot (GQD) nanoparticles to protect SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells from oxidative/nitrosative stress induced by iron-nitrosyl complex sodium nitroprusside (SNP). GQD reduced SNP cytotoxicity by preventing mitochondrial depolarization, caspase-2 activation, and subsequent apoptotic death. Although GQD diminished the levels of nitric oxide (NO) in SNP-exposed cells, NO scavengers displayed only a slight protective effect, suggesting that NO quenching was not the main protective mechanism of GQD. GQD also reduced SNP-triggered increase in the intracellular levels of hydroxyl radical (•OH), superoxide anion (O2•-), and lipid peroxidation. Nonselective antioxidants, •OH scavenging, and iron chelators, but not superoxide dismutase, mimicked GQD cytoprotective activity, indicating that GQD protect cells by neutralizing •OH generated in the presence of SNP-released iron. Cellular internalization of GQD was required for optimal protection, since a removal of extracellular GQD by extensive washing only partly diminished their protective effect. Moreover, GQD cooperated with SNP to induce autophagy, as confirmed by the inhibition of autophagy-limiting Akt/PRAS40/mTOR signaling and increase in autophagy gene transcription, protein levels of proautophagic beclin-1 and LC3-II, formation of autophagic vesicles, and degradation of autophagic target p62. The antioxidant activity of GQD was not involved in autophagy induction, as antioxidants N-acetylcysteine and dimethyl sulfoxide failed to stimulate autophagy in SNP-exposed cells. Pharmacological inhibitors of early (wortmannin, 3-methyladenine) or late stages of autophagy (NH4Cl) efficiently reduced the protective effect of GQD. Therefore, the ability of GQD to prevent the in vitro neurotoxicity of SNP depends on both •OH/NO scavenging and induction of cytoprotective autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matija Krunić
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Ristić
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mihajlo Bošnjak
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Verica Paunović
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Tovilović-Kovačević
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research, "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena Zogović
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Mirčić
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Višegradska 26, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Marković
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade P.O. Box 522, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Todorović-Marković
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade P.O. Box 522, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Jovanović
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade P.O. Box 522, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Duška Kleut
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade P.O. Box 522, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš Mojović
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Đura Nakarada
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olivera Marković
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Irena Vuković
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljubica Harhaji-Trajković
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Vladimir Trajković
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Nakarada Đ, Pejin B, Tommonaro G, Mojović M. Liposomal integration method for assessing antioxidative activity of water insoluble compounds towards biologically relevant free radicals: example of avarol. J Liposome Res 2019; 30:218-226. [PMID: 31146614 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2019.1625378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The liposomal integration method, in conjunction with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, has been presented for the investigation of antioxidant activity of selected water-insoluble compound towards biologically relevant free radicals. This method was applied to avarol, a sesquiterpenoid hydroquinone isolated from the marine sponge Dysidea avara. The antioxidant activity of water-insoluble avarol towards •OH, O2•- and NO• radicals was attained by its incorporation into the DPPC liposomes bilayer, and towards ascorbyl radicals in the organic solvent. Avarol's activity towards •OH, O2•-, NO• and ascorbyl radicals was 86.2%, 50.9%, 23.6% and 61.8%, respectively, showing its significant radical scavenging potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Đura Nakarada
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Boris Pejin
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research - IMSI, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Miloš Mojović
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Pejin B, Savic AG, Hegedis A, Karaman I, Horvatovic M, Mojovic M. A bryozoan species may offer novel antioxidants with anti-carbon-dioxide anion radical activity. Nat Prod Res 2014; 28:2057-60. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.921788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Pejin B, Nakarada D, Novakovic M, Tesevic V, Savic A, Radotic K, Mojovic M. Antioxidant volatiles of the freshwater bryozoanHyalinella punctata. Nat Prod Res 2014; 28:1471-5. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.905565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Pejin B, Savic A, Sokovic M, Glamoclija J, Ciric A, Nikolic M, Radotic K, Mojovic M. Furtherin vitroevaluation of antiradical and antimicrobial activities of phytol. Nat Prod Res 2014; 28:372-6. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2013.869692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Pejin B, Savic AG, Petkovic M, Radotic K, Mojovic M. In vitroanti-hydroxyl radical activity of the fructooligosaccharides 1-kestose and nystose using spectroscopic and computational approaches. Int J Food Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Pejin
- Department of Life Sciences; Institute for Multidisciplinary Research; University of Belgrade; Kneza Viseslava 1 Belgrade 11030 Serbia
| | - Aleksandar G. Savic
- Department of Life Sciences; Institute for Multidisciplinary Research; University of Belgrade; Kneza Viseslava 1 Belgrade 11030 Serbia
| | - Milena Petkovic
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry; University of Belgrade; Studentski trg 12-16 Belgrade 11158 Serbia
| | - Ksenija Radotic
- Department of Life Sciences; Institute for Multidisciplinary Research; University of Belgrade; Kneza Viseslava 1 Belgrade 11030 Serbia
| | - Milos Mojovic
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry; University of Belgrade; Studentski trg 12-16 Belgrade 11158 Serbia
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