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Sripada SA, Hosseini M, Ramesh S, Wang J, Ritola K, Menegatti S, Daniele MA. Advances and opportunities in process analytical technologies for viral vector manufacturing. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 74:108391. [PMID: 38848795 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Viral vectors are an emerging, exciting class of biologics whose application in vaccines, oncology, and gene therapy has grown exponentially in recent years. Following first regulatory approval, this class of therapeutics has been vigorously pursued to treat monogenic disorders including orphan diseases, entering hundreds of new products into pipelines. Viral vector manufacturing supporting clinical efforts has spurred the introduction of a broad swath of analytical techniques dedicated to assessing the diverse and evolving panel of Critical Quality Attributes (CQAs) of these products. Herein, we provide an overview of the current state of analytics enabling measurement of CQAs such as capsid and vector identities, product titer, transduction efficiency, impurity clearance etc. We highlight orthogonal methods and discuss the advantages and limitations of these techniques while evaluating their adaptation as process analytical technologies. Finally, we identify gaps and propose opportunities in enabling existing technologies for real-time monitoring from hardware, software, and data analysis viewpoints for technology development within viral vector biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobhana A Sripada
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Mahshid Hosseini
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 911 Oval Dr., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Srivatsan Ramesh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Junhyeong Wang
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 911 Oval Dr., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Kimberly Ritola
- North Carolina Viral Vector Initiative in Research and Learning (NC-VVIRAL), North Carolina State University, 890 Oval Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Neuroscience Center, Brain Initiative Neurotools Vector Core, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA; North Carolina Viral Vector Initiative in Research and Learning (NC-VVIRAL), North Carolina State University, 890 Oval Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center, North Carolina State University, 890 Main Campus Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Michael A Daniele
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 911 Oval Dr., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; North Carolina Viral Vector Initiative in Research and Learning (NC-VVIRAL), North Carolina State University, 890 Oval Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, 890 Oval Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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Xiong C, Liu H, Li Y, Meng L, Wang J, Nie Z. High Speed Mass Measurement of a Single Metal-Organic Framework Nanocrystal in a Paul Trap. Anal Chem 2022; 94:2686-2692. [PMID: 35112854 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) has emerged as an excellent tool for the characterization of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) based on the characteristic metal ions and organic ligands. Mass measurement of intact MOF nanocrystals, however, remains a challenge for MS technology. Here, we reported the development of a probe particles based charge detection-quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry (probe CD-QIT MS) method, where charge detection and mass measurement of a single MOF nanocrystal were achieved under the assistance of probe particles of micrometer size. As a validation of the method, the masses of a series of polystyrene (PS) size standards from 493 nm to 1.6 μm were measured with 3 μm PS particles as probes, and the measured masses were found to match well with their certified masses. Then, charge detections and mass analysis of single ZIF-8 and GOx@ZIF-8 with a size around 600 nm were achieved successfully. The method presented here demonstrates simplicity, high speed, and accuracy. Notably, it allows quantitative measurement of the amount of immobilized GOx enzyme by using the mass difference between ZIF-8 and GOx@ZIF-8. In addition, based on the determined mass, the size analysis of these MOF particles with irregular shape was carried out and demonstrated to be complementary to transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiqiao Xiong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huihui Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuze Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lingwei Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiyun Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zongxiu Nie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Lin R, Lu Q, Lin Z, Hang W, Huang B. Laser-induced acoustic desorption coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for rapid qualitative and quantitative analysis of glucocorticoids illegally added in creams. Analyst 2021; 145:6625-6631. [PMID: 32789335 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00962h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a strategy for the coupling of laser-induced acoustic desorption (LIAD) with electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry. Different from desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) or paper spray ionization (PSI), the technique decouples the desorption of analytes from the subsequent ionization. The desorption is initiated by a shock wave induced in 10 μm titanium (Ti) foil coated with the sample, irradiated from the rear side by a laser beam, and then the desorbed neutral analytes are post-ionized by ESI and finally characterized by quadrupole/time-of-flight (Q-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS). Separating desorption from the ionization event makes this technique flexible and decreases the matrix effect and salt effect. Various kinds of common creams containing glucocorticoids are investigated using LIAD/ESI/MS without sample pretreatment. The results show that volatile and nonvolatile analytes in creams are sampled simultaneously by LIAD, providing a convenient way for high-throughput screening of the target compounds. In addition, quantitation of glucocorticoids in creams was performed by analyzing samples with decreasing concentrations of analytes (dexamethasone (20 μg g-1) used as an internal standard (IS)), until no more signal was observed. The limits of detection (LODs) of glucocorticoids were determined experimentally to be ranging from 0.7 μg g-1 for triamcinolone acetonide to 10 μg g-1 for beclomethasone dipropionate, which are two orders of magnitude lower than the regular usage of glucocorticoids (beclomethasone dipropionate 0.25 mg g-1, triamcinolone acetonide 0.25 mg g-1). Overall, LIAD/ESI/MS is demonstrated to be of great practical importance for rapid qualitative and quantitative analysis of glucocorticoids in creams, and good sensitivity can be achieved without tedious sample pretreatment and time-consuming chromatographic separation, irrespective of the presence of complex matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongkun Lin
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Lab of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Qiao Lu
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Lab of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Zheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Lab of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Wei Hang
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Lab of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Benli Huang
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Lab of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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Lai SH, Chu ML, Lin JL, Chen CH. Development of a focused high-energy macromolecular ion beam. Analyst 2021; 146:2936-2944. [PMID: 33949381 DOI: 10.1039/d0an02478c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we report the development of a focused macromolecular ion beam with kinetic energy of up to 110 keV. The system consists of a quadrupole ion trap (QIT), einzel lens and linear accelerator (LINAC). Based on the combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) and quadrupole ion trapping (QIT), ions were desorbed from the surface and trapped with an ion trap to form biomolecular ion packets. Positive- and negative-pulsed voltages were applied on each end-cap electrode of the QIT to extract the ion packets and form an ion beam that was subsequently focused via an einzel lens and accelerated by stepwise pulsed voltages. The tabletop instrument was designed and successfully demonstrated via measurements of molecular ions of insulin, cytochrome c and bovine serum albumin (BSA) with mass-to-charge ratios (m/z) ranging from ∼5.8 to 66.5 k. This is the first report of both a focused and high-kinetic-energy protein ion beam. In addition, both secondary ions and electrons were observed from the surface by hypervelocity ion beam bombardment. This focused macromolecular ion beam has demonstrated its potential in the study of interactions between large molecular ions with other molecules either in the gas phase or upon a surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Hsueh Lai
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. and Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lee Chu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Lee Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Hsuan Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. and Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Dittwald P, Valkenborg D, Claesen J, Rockwood AL, Gambin A. On the Fine Isotopic Distribution and Limits to Resolution in Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2015; 26:1732-45. [PMID: 26265039 PMCID: PMC4565875 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-015-1180-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry enables the study of increasingly larger biomolecules with increasingly higher resolution, which is able to distinguish between fine isotopic variants having the same additional nucleon count, but slightly different masses. Therefore, the analysis of the fine isotopic distribution becomes an interesting research topic with important practical applications. In this paper, we propose the comprehensive methodology for studying the basic characteristics of the fine isotopic distribution. Our approach uses a broad spectrum of methods ranging from generating functions--that allow us to estimate the variance and the information theory entropy of the distribution--to the theory of thermal energy fluctuations. Having characterized the variance, spread, shape, and size of the fine isotopic distribution, we are able to indicate limitations to high resolution mass spectrometry. Moreover, the analysis of "thermorelativistic" effects (i.e., mass uncertainty attributable to relativistic effects coupled with the statistical mechanical uncertainty of the energy of an isolated ion), in turn, gives us an estimate of impassable limits of isotopic resolution (understood as the ability to distinguish fine structure peaks), which can be moved further only by cooling the ions. The presented approach highlights the potential of theoretical analysis of the fine isotopic distribution, which allows modeling the data more accurately, aiming to support the successful experimental measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Dittwald
- Institute of Informatics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dirk Valkenborg
- Applied Bio and Molecular Systems, VITO, Mol, Belgium
- Center for Proteomics, University of Anwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Jürgen Claesen
- Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Alan L Rockwood
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA.
- ARUP Laboratories, a Nonprofit Enterprise of the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA.
| | - Anna Gambin
- Institute of Informatics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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Arjmandi N, Van Roy W, Lagae L. Measuring Mass of Nanoparticles and Viruses in Liquids with Nanometer-Scale Pores. Anal Chem 2014; 86:4637-41. [DOI: 10.1021/ac500396t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nima Arjmandi
- IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan
200 D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Laser & Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Liesbet Lagae
- IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan
200 D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Lin HC, Lin JL, Chen CH. Novel mass spectrometry technology development for large organic particle analysis. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra45040f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Lai SH, Chang KH, Lin JL, Wu CL, Chen CH. Sinapinic acid clusters distribution from monomer to mega Dalton’s region in MALDI process. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Havlicek V, Lemr K, Schug KA. Current Trends in Microbial Diagnostics Based on Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2012; 85:790-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac3031866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Havlicek
- Institute of Microbiology, v.v.i., Videnska
1083, CZ 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
- Palacky University, Faculty
of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, RCPTM, 17. listopadu
12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Lemr
- Institute of Microbiology, v.v.i., Videnska
1083, CZ 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
- Palacky University, Faculty
of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, RCPTM, 17. listopadu
12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kevin A. Schug
- The University of Texas at Arlington,
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arlington, Texas 76019-0065,
United States
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Schwab NV, Eberlin MN. Mass spectrometry made easy: The quest for simplicity. Drug Test Anal 2012; 5:137-44. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.1408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas V. Schwab
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory; Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP; Campinas; SP 13083-970; Brazil
| | - Marcos N. Eberlin
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory; Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP; Campinas; SP 13083-970; Brazil
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