1
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van Kooten XF, Bercovici M, Kaigala GV. Extraction of electrokinetically separated analytes with on-demand encapsulation. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:3588-3597. [PMID: 30358796 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00912k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microchip electrokinetic methods are capable of increasing the sensitivity of molecular assays by enriching and purifying target analytes. However, their use is currently limited to assays that can be performed under a high external electric field, as spatial separation and focusing is lost when the electric field is removed. We present a novel method that uses two-phase encapsulation to overcome this limitation. The method uses passive filling and pinning of an oil phase in hydrophobic channels to encapsulate electrokinetically separated and focused analytes with a brief pressure pulse. The resulting encapsulated sample droplet maintains its concentration over long periods of time without requiring an electric field and can be manipulated for further analysis, either on- or off-chip. We demonstrate the method by encapsulating DNA oligonucleotides in a 240 pL aqueous segment after isotachophoresis (ITP) focusing, and show that the concentration remains at 60% of the initial value for tens of minutes, a 22-fold increase over free diffusion after 20 minutes. Furthermore, we demonstrate manipulation of a single droplet by selectively encapsulating amplicon after ITP purification from a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) mix, and performing parallel off-chip detection reactions using the droplet. We provide geometrical design guidelines for devices implementing the encapsulation method, and show how the method can be scaled to multiple analyte zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xander F van Kooten
- IBM Research - Zurich, Rüschlikon, Switzerland. and Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Moran Bercovici
- Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. and The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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2
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Gerhardt RF, Peretzki AJ, Piendl SK, Belder D. Seamless Combination of High-Pressure Chip-HPLC and Droplet Microfluidics on an Integrated Microfluidic Glass Chip. Anal Chem 2017; 89:13030-13037. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Renata F. Gerhardt
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Linnéstraße 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrea J. Peretzki
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Linnéstraße 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian K. Piendl
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Linnéstraße 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Detlev Belder
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Linnéstraße 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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3
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Ochoa A, Álvarez-Bohórquez E, Castillero E, Olguin LF. Detection of Enzyme Inhibitors in Crude Natural Extracts Using Droplet-Based Microfluidics Coupled to HPLC. Anal Chem 2017; 89:4889-4896. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Biofisicoquímica,
Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Enrique Álvarez-Bohórquez
- Laboratorio de Biofisicoquímica,
Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Eduardo Castillero
- Laboratorio de Biofisicoquímica,
Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Luis F. Olguin
- Laboratorio de Biofisicoquímica,
Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México
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4
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High-throughput strategies for the discovery and engineering of enzymes for biocatalysis. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2016; 40:161-180. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-016-1690-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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5
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Li Q, Zhu Y, Zhang NQ, Fang Q. Automatic Combination of Microfluidic Nanoliter-Scale Droplet Array with High-Speed Capillary Electrophoresis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26654. [PMID: 27230468 PMCID: PMC4882528 DOI: 10.1038/srep26654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we developed a novel approach for interfacing a microfluidic two-dimensional droplet array to a high-speed capillary electrophoresis (HSCE) system. Picoliter-scale sample injection (ca. 200 pL) from a nanoliter-scale droplet array covered by nonvolatile oil was automatically achieved using the spontaneous injection mode, without the interference from the cover oil and the need of special droplet extraction interface as in previously reported systems. The system was applied in consecutive separations of 25 different samples of amino acids with a whole separation time less than 15 min, as well as on-line monitoring of in-droplet derivatizing reaction of amino acids by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) over 3 hours. High separation speed (up to 100 samples per hour) and high separation efficiency (up to 9.22 × 10(5) N/m) were achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Li
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Lishui Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Y Zhu
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - N-Q Zhang
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Q Fang
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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6
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Hassan SU, Morgan H, Zhang X, Niu X. Droplet Interfaced Parallel and Quantitative Microfluidic-Based Separations. Anal Chem 2015; 87:3895-901. [DOI: 10.1021/ac504695w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sammer-ul Hassan
- Faculty
of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K. SO17 1BJ
| | - Hywel Morgan
- Faculty
of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K. SO17 1BJ
- Institute
for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K. SO17 1BJ
| | - Xunli Zhang
- Faculty
of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K. SO17 1BJ
- Institute
for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K. SO17 1BJ
| | - Xize Niu
- Faculty
of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K. SO17 1BJ
- Institute
for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K. SO17 1BJ
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7
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Lima AC, Mano JF. Micro/nano-structured superhydrophobic surfaces in the biomedical field: part II: applications overview. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:271-97. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The properties of surfaces define the acceptance and integration of biomaterials in vivo, as well as the material's efficiency when used at research or manufacturing levels. The presence of micro/nano-topographical structures and low surface energies could bring several advantages when highly repellent surfaces are employed in the biomedical field. Biomimetic superhydrophobic surfaces have been explored for diverse applications: as an intrinsic characteristic of biomaterials to be implanted; as materials that exhibit special interactions with biological entities; or to be used in ex vivo applications. This article aims to focus on the main motivations and requirements in the biomedical field that pushed for the utilization of superhydrophobic surfaces as suitable alternatives, as well as the great evolution of applications that have emerged in the last few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Lima
- 3B's Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables & Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Ave Park, 4806-909 Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João F Mano
- 3B's Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables & Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Ave Park, 4806-909 Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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8
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Present state of microchip electrophoresis: state of the art and routine applications. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1382:66-85. [PMID: 25529267 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Microchip electrophoresis (MCE) was one of the earliest applications of the micro-total analysis system (μ-TAS) concept, whose aim is to reduce analysis time and reagent and sample consumption while increasing throughput and portability by miniaturizing analytical laboratory procedures onto a microfluidic chip. More than two decades on, electrophoresis remains the most common separation technique used in microfluidic applications. MCE-based instruments have had some commercial success and have found application in many disciplines. This review will consider the present state of MCE including recent advances in technology and both novel and routine applications in the laboratory. We will also attempt to assess the impact of MCE in the scientific community and its prospects for the future.
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9
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Abdul Keyon AS, Guijt RM, Bolch CJ, Breadmore MC. Droplet Microfluidics for Postcolumn Reactions in Capillary Electrophoresis. Anal Chem 2014; 86:11811-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5033963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aemi S. Abdul Keyon
- Australian
Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
- Pharmacy
School of Medicine, Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-26, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
- National
Centre for Marine Conservation and Resource Sustainability, Australian
Maritime College, University of Tasmania, 7250, Launceston, Tasmania Australia
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor Malaysia
| | - Rosanne M. Guijt
- Pharmacy
School of Medicine, Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-26, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Bolch
- National
Centre for Marine Conservation and Resource Sustainability, Australian
Maritime College, University of Tasmania, 7250, Launceston, Tasmania Australia
| | - Michael C. Breadmore
- Australian
Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
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10
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Zhao Y, Pereira F, deMello AJ, Morgan H, Niu X. Droplet-based in situ compartmentalization of chemically separated components after isoelectric focusing in a Slipchip. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:555-561. [PMID: 24292781 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc51067k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Isoelectric focusing (IEF) is a powerful and widely used technique for protein separation and purification. There are many embodiments of microscale IEF that use capillary or microfluidic chips for the analysis of small sample volumes. Nevertheless, collecting the separated sample volumes without causing remixing remains a challenge. Herein, we describe a microfluidic Slipchip device that is able to efficiently compartmentalize focused analyte bands in situ into microdroplets. The device contains a microfluidic "zig-zag" separation channel that is composed of a sequence of wells formed in the two halves of the Slipchip. The analytes are focused in the channel and then compartmentalised into droplets by slipping the chip. Importantly, sample droplets can be analysed on chip or collected for subsequent analysis using electrophoresis or mass spectrometry for example. To demonstrate this approach, we perform IEF separation using standard markers and protein samples, with on-chip post-processing. Compared to alternative approaches for sample collection, the method avoids remixing, is scalable and is easily hyphenated with the other analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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11
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Gibb TR, Ivanov AP, Edel JB, Albrecht T. Single Molecule Ionic Current Sensing in Segmented Flow Microfluidics. Anal Chem 2014; 86:1864-71. [DOI: 10.1021/ac403921m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R. Gibb
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7
2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Aleksandar P. Ivanov
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7
2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua B. Edel
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7
2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Albrecht
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7
2AZ, United Kingdom
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12
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Niu X, Pereira F, Edel JB, de Mello AJ. Droplet-Interfaced Microchip and Capillary Electrophoretic Separations. Anal Chem 2013; 85:8654-60. [DOI: 10.1021/ac401383y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xize Niu
- Faculty
of Engineering and the Environment and Institute
for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Pereira
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, HCI E125, Wolfgang Pauli Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Joshua B. Edel
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. de Mello
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, HCI E125, Wolfgang Pauli Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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13
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Cho S, Kang DK, Sim S, Geier F, Kim JY, Niu X, Edel JB, Chang SI, Wootton RCR, Elvira KS, deMello AJ. Droplet-Based Microfluidic Platform for High-Throughput, Multi-Parameter Screening of Photosensitizer Activity. Anal Chem 2013; 85:8866-72. [DOI: 10.1021/ac4022067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soongwon Cho
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Dong-Ku Kang
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Sim
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Florian Geier
- Department
of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, South Kensington
Campus, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jin-Young Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Xize Niu
- Engineering and the Environment, and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua B. Edel
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Soo-Ik Chang
- Department
of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Robert C. R. Wootton
- Institute
for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied
Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Katherine S. Elvira
- Institute
for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied
Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew J. deMello
- Institute
for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied
Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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14
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Draper MC, Crick CR, Orlickaite V, Turek VA, Parkin IP, Edel JB. Superhydrophobic Surfaces as an On-Chip Microfluidic Toolkit for Total Droplet Control. Anal Chem 2013; 85:5405-10. [DOI: 10.1021/ac303786s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark C. Draper
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London,
South Kensington Campus, London,
SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Colin R. Crick
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London,
WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Viktorija Orlickaite
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London,
WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Vladimir A. Turek
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London,
South Kensington Campus, London,
SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan P. Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London,
WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua B. Edel
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London,
South Kensington Campus, London,
SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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