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Lee S, M Silva S, Caballero Aguilar LM, Eom T, Moulton SE, Shim BS. Biodegradable bioelectronics for biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:8575-8595. [PMID: 36214325 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01475k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable polymers have been widely used in tissue engineering with the potential to be replaced by regenerative tissue. While conventional bionic interfaces are designed to be implanted in living tissue and organs permanently, biocompatible and biodegradable electronic materials are now progressing a paradigm shift towards transient and regenerative bionic engineering. For example, biodegradable bioelectronics can monitor physiologies in a body, transiently rehabilitate disease symptoms, and seamlessly form regenerative interfaces from synthetic electronic devices to tissues by reducing inflammatory foreign-body responses. Conventional electronic materials have not readily been considered biodegradable. However, several strategies have been adopted for designing electroactive and biodegradable materials systems: (1) conductive materials blended with biodegradable components, (2) molecularly engineered conjugated polymers with biodegradable moieties, (3) naturally derived conjugated biopolymers, and (4) aqueously dissolvable metals with encapsulating layers. In this review, we endeavor to present the technical bridges from electrically active and biodegradable material systems to edible and biodegradable electronics as well as transient bioelectronics with pre-clinical bio-instrumental applications, including biodegradable sensors, neural and tissue engineering, and intelligent drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyeon Lee
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Saimon M Silva
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia.,Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia. .,The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Lilith M Caballero Aguilar
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia.,Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia. .,The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Taesik Eom
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Simon E Moulton
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia.,Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia. .,The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Bong Sup Shim
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Tamanoi F, Matsumoto K, Doan TLH, Shiro A, Saitoh H. Studies on the Exposure of Gadolinium Containing Nanoparticles with Monochromatic X-rays Drive Advances in Radiation Therapy. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10071341. [PMID: 32660093 PMCID: PMC7408070 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
While conventional radiation therapy uses white X-rays that consist of a mixture of X-ray waves with various energy levels, a monochromatic X-ray (monoenergetic X-ray) has a single energy level. Irradiation of high-Z elements such as gold, silver or gadolinium with a synchrotron-generated monochromatic X-rays with the energy at or higher than their K-edge energy causes a photoelectric effect that includes release of the Auger electrons that induce DNA damage—leading to cell killing. Delivery of high-Z elements into cancer cells and tumor mass can be facilitated by the use of nanoparticles. Various types of nanoparticles containing high-Z elements have been developed. A recent addition to this growing list of nanoparticles is mesoporous silica-based nanoparticles (MSNs) containing gadolinium (Gd–MSN). The ability of Gd–MSN to inhibit tumor growth was demonstrated by evaluating effects of irradiating tumor spheroids with a precisely tuned monochromatic X-ray.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyuhiko Tamanoi
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan;
- Department of Microbio., Immunol. & Molec. Genet., University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-75-753-9856
| | - Kotaro Matsumoto
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan;
| | - Tan Le Hoang Doan
- Center for Innovative Materials and Architectures (INOMAR), Vietnam National University-Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 721337, Vietnam;
| | - Ayumi Shiro
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Hyogo 679-0198, Japan; (A.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Hiroyuki Saitoh
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Hyogo 679-0198, Japan; (A.S.); (H.S.)
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Mai NXD, Birault A, Matsumoto K, Ta HKT, Intasa‐ard SG, Morrison K, Thang PB, Doan TLH, Tamanoi F. Biodegradable Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica (BPMO) Loaded with Daunorubicin: A Promising Nanoparticle-Based Anticancer Drug. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:593-599. [PMID: 32020745 PMCID: PMC7187469 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable periodic mesoporous organosilica (BPMO) nanoparticles have emerged as a promising type of nanocarrier for drug delivery, given the biodegradable feature is advantageous for clinical translation. In this paper, we report synthesis and characterization of daunorubicin (DNR) loaded BPMO. DNR was loaded onto rhodamine B-labeled BPMO that contain tetrasulfide bonds. Tumor spheroids and chicken egg tumor models were used to characterize the activity in biological settings. In the first experiment we examined the uptake of BPMO into tumor spheroids prepared from ovarian cancer cells. BPMO were efficiently taken up into tumor spheroids and inhibited their growth. In the chicken egg tumor model, intravenous injection of DNR-loaded BPMO led to the elimination of ovarian tumor. Lack of adverse effect on organs such as lung appears to be due to excellent tumor accumulation of BPMO. Thus, DNR-loaded BPMO represents a promising nanodrug compared with free DNR currently used in cancer therapy. OK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Xuan Dat Mai
- Center for Innovative Materials and Architectures (INOMAR)Vietnam National University-Ho Chi Minh CityHo Chi Minh City721337Vietnam
- Faculty of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of ScienceVietnam National UniversityHo Chi Minh City700000Vietnam
| | - Albane Birault
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (ICeMS)Institute for Advanced Study Kyoto UniversityKyoto606 8501Japan
| | - Kotaro Matsumoto
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (ICeMS)Institute for Advanced Study Kyoto UniversityKyoto606 8501Japan
| | - Hanh Kieu Thi Ta
- Center for Innovative Materials and Architectures (INOMAR)Vietnam National University-Ho Chi Minh CityHo Chi Minh City721337Vietnam
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, University of ScienceVietnam National UniversityHo Chi Minh City700000Vietnam
| | - Soontaree Grace Intasa‐ard
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (ICeMS)Institute for Advanced Study Kyoto UniversityKyoto606 8501Japan
| | - Kendall Morrison
- TAE Life SciencesDrug Development DivisionSanta Monica, CA90404USA
| | - Phan Bach Thang
- Center for Innovative Materials and Architectures (INOMAR)Vietnam National University-Ho Chi Minh CityHo Chi Minh City721337Vietnam
| | - Tan Le Hoang Doan
- Center for Innovative Materials and Architectures (INOMAR)Vietnam National University-Ho Chi Minh CityHo Chi Minh City721337Vietnam
| | - Fuyuhiko Tamanoi
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (ICeMS)Institute for Advanced Study Kyoto UniversityKyoto606 8501Japan
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Chen L, Wu M, Jiang S, Zhang Y, Li R, Lu Y, Liu L, Wu G, Liu Y, Xie L, Xu L. Skin Toxicity Assessment of Silver Nanoparticles in a 3D Epidermal Model Compared to 2D Keratinocytes. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:9707-9719. [PMID: 31849463 PMCID: PMC6910103 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s225451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Increased use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has raised concerns that AgNPs may induce toxic effects. In vitro studies of cell monolayers and in vivo studies have produced conflicting results. The inconsistency of these results has been mainly due to limitations of two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cell systems. Methods A three-dimensional (3D) epidermal model called EpiKutis®, which exhibits good tissue viability and barrier function was developed. The cytotoxicity of AgNPs against EpiKutis was compared to that against 2D keratinocytes at equivalent AgNPs doses (0.035, 0.07, 0.14, 0.28, and 0.56 ng per cell). The amount and distribution of AgNPs in the 3D EpiKutis and 2D keratinocytes after exposure were determined. The toxic mechanisms of AgNPs, such as oxidative stress and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, were investigated. Results The results demonstrated that cell viability was greater than 80% and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release did not increase even at the highest dose of AgNPs in EpiKutis. In contrast, treatment of 2D keratinocytes with AgNPs resulted in dose-dependent decrease in cell viability from 63% to 11%, and a dose-dependent increase in LDH release from 8% to 16%. Cytotoxicity of AgNPs in 2D keratinocytes was related to oxidative damage and inflammation, as evidenced by increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), IL-1α, IL-6, and IL-8. In addition, levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were decreased. EpiKutis treated with AgNPs did not exhibit increased oxidative damage or inflammation, which may have been due to the barrier properties of the 3D structure, resulting in reduced penetration of AgNPs. At equivalent per cell doses, total silver penetration into EpiKutis was 0.9 ± 0.1%, and total silver penetration into 2D keratinocytes was 8.8 ± 0.6% detected by ICP-MS. The penetration and distribution of AgNPs in 2D keratinocytes were confirmed by the TEM-EDS analysis, which was not found in the 3D EpiKutis. These results showed that AgNPs penetrated EpiKutis to a lesser degree than they penetrated 2D keratinocytes, which suggested that EpiKutis exhibited significant barrier function. Discussion The results of this study showed that AgNP toxicity should be evaluated using 3D epidermal models, which may provide better estimates of in vivo conditions than 2D models. The EpiKutis model may be an ideal model for assessment of nanotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- NCNST-NIFDC Joint Laboratory for Measurement and Evaluation of Nanomaterials in Medical Applications, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiyu Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, NCNST-NIFDC Joint Laboratory for Measurement and Evaluation of Nanomaterials in Medical Applications, Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Jiang
- NCNST-NIFDC Joint Laboratory for Measurement and Evaluation of Nanomaterials in Medical Applications, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, People's Republic of China.,Department of Preclinical Medicine and Forensic, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyun Zhang
- Guangdong Biocell Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Runzhi Li
- Guangdong Biocell Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongbo Lu
- Guangdong Biocell Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, NCNST-NIFDC Joint Laboratory for Measurement and Evaluation of Nanomaterials in Medical Applications, Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Preclinical Medicine and Forensic, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, NCNST-NIFDC Joint Laboratory for Measurement and Evaluation of Nanomaterials in Medical Applications, Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, NCNST-NIFDC Joint Laboratory for Measurement and Evaluation of Nanomaterials in Medical Applications, Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Xu
- NCNST-NIFDC Joint Laboratory for Measurement and Evaluation of Nanomaterials in Medical Applications, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, People's Republic of China
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Chen H, Wei X, Chen H, Wei H, Wang Y, Nan W, Zhang Q, Wen X. The study of establishment of an in vivo tumor model by three-dimensional cells culture systems methods and evaluation of antitumor effect of biotin-conjugated pullulan acetate nanoparticles. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:123-131. [PMID: 30663429 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1544142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, three-dimensional (3D) hydrogels were used for human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells culture systems in vitro and establishment of an in vivo xenografted tumor model. Based on our previous work on the biotin-conjugated pullulan acetate nanoparticles (Bio-PA NPs) as anticancer drug carriers, we further studied the anti-tumor effect of the NPs in two-dimensional (2D) and 3D cell culture system. When embedded in 3D hydrogels, HepG2 cells formed tumor spheroids and the cytoplasmic actin microfilamentrates were rearranged over a period of 7 days. In vitro cytotoxicity results indicated that HepG2 cells in 3D hydrogels were more resistant to Bio-PA NPs treatments compared to the 2D system. The tumor formation rate of in vivo xenografted tumor model using 3D culture systems method was 98.2%, which was significantly higher than that using of 2D cultured cells (76.4%). Then we injected the 3D HepG2 cells systems in the right anterior axillary of female Balb/c nude mice, and evaluate the in vivo anti-tumor efficacy of Bio-PA NPs. In summary, these results suggested that HepG2 cells in 3D hydrogel system has shown the potential to provide an in vitro and in vivo model and for the evaluation of Bio-PA NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Chen
- a The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material, School of Life Science and Technology , Xinxiang Medical University , Xinxiang , China
| | - Xiangjuan Wei
- a The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material, School of Life Science and Technology , Xinxiang Medical University , Xinxiang , China
| | - Hongyang Chen
- a The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material, School of Life Science and Technology , Xinxiang Medical University , Xinxiang , China
| | - Hongliang Wei
- b School of Engineering , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA
| | - Yongxue Wang
- a The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material, School of Life Science and Technology , Xinxiang Medical University , Xinxiang , China
| | - Wenbin Nan
- a The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material, School of Life Science and Technology , Xinxiang Medical University , Xinxiang , China
| | - Qiqing Zhang
- a The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material, School of Life Science and Technology , Xinxiang Medical University , Xinxiang , China.,c Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Tianjin , China
| | - Xuejun Wen
- b School of Engineering , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA
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Fleddermann J, Susewind J, Peuschel H, Koch M, Tavernaro I, Kraegeloh A. Distribution of SiO 2 nanoparticles in 3D liver microtissues. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:1411-1431. [PMID: 30863069 PMCID: PMC6390853 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s189888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nanoparticles (NPs) are used in numerous products in technical fields and biomedicine; their potential adverse effects have to be considered in order to achieve safe applications. Besides their distribution in tissues, organs, and cellular localization, their impact and penetration during the process of tissue formation occurring in vivo during liver regeneration are critical steps for establishment of safe nanomaterials. Materials and methods In this study, 3D cell culture of human hepatocarcinoma cells (HepG2) was used to generate cellular spheroids, serving as in vitro liver microtissues. In order to determine their differential distribution and penetration depth in HepG2 spheroids, SiO2 NPs were applied either during or after spheroid formation. The NP penetration was comprehensively studied using confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Results Spheroids were exposed to 100 µg mL−1 SiO2 NPs either at the beginning of spheroid formation, or during or after formation of spheroids. Microscopy analyses revealed that NP penetration into the spheroid is limited. During and after spheroid formation, SiO2 NPs penetrated about 20 µm into the spheroids, corresponding to about three cell layers. In contrast, because of the addition of SiO2 NPs simultaneously to cell seeding, NP agglomerates were located also in the spheroid center. Application of SiO2 NPs during the process of spheroid formation had no impact on final spheroid size. Conclusion Understanding the distribution of NPs in tissues is essential for biomedical applications. The obtained results indicate that NPs show only limited penetration into already formed tissue, which is probably caused by the alteration of the tissue structure and cell packing density during the process of spheroid formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Fleddermann
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken, Germany,
| | | | - Henrike Peuschel
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken, Germany,
| | - Marcus Koch
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken, Germany,
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Li M, Liu J, Deng M, Ge Z, Afshan N, Zuo X, Li Q. Rapid Transmembrane Transport of DNA Nanostructures by Chemically Anchoring Artificial Receptors on Cell Membranes. Chempluschem 2019; 84:323-327. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine Renji Hospital School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 P. R. China
| | - Jiangbo Liu
- Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology Shanghai Institute of Applied PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 P. R. China
| | - Mengying Deng
- Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology Shanghai Institute of Applied PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 P. R. China
| | - Zhilei Ge
- School of Medicine School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 20024 P. R. China
| | - Noshin Afshan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine Renji Hospital School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 P. R. China
| | - Xiaolei Zuo
- Institute of Molecular Medicine Renji Hospital School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 P. R. China
- School of Medicine School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 20024 P. R. China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Medicine School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 20024 P. R. China
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Fröhlich E. Comparison of conventional and advanced in vitro models in the toxicity testing of nanoparticles. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:1091-1107. [PMID: 29956556 PMCID: PMC6214528 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1479709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to a wide variety of nanoparticles (NPs) present in the environment, in consumer, health and medical products, and in food. Conventional cytotoxicity testing compared to animal testing is less expensive, faster and avoids ethical problems at the expense of a lower predictive value. New cellular models and exposure conditions have been developed to overcome the limitations of conventional cell culture and obtain more predictive data. The use of three-dimensional culture, co-culture and inclusion of mechanical stimulation can provide physiologically more relevant culture conditions. These systems are particularly relevant for oral, respiratory and intravenous exposure to NPs and it may be assumed that physiologically relevant application of the NPs can improve the predictive value of in vitro testing. Various groups have used advanced culture and exposure systems, but few direct comparisons between data from conventional cultures and from advanced systems exist. In silico models may present another option to predict human health risk by NPs without using animal studies. In the absence of validation, the question whether these alternative models provide more predictive data than conventional testing remains elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore Fröhlich
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Ning R, Zhuang Q, Lin JM. Biomaterial-Based Microfluidics for Cell Culture and Analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5394-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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10
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Muoth C, Wichser A, Monopoli M, Correia M, Ehrlich N, Loeschner K, Gallud A, Kucki M, Diener L, Manser P, Jochum W, Wick P, Buerki-Thurnherr T. A 3D co-culture microtissue model of the human placenta for nanotoxicity assessment. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:17322-17332. [PMID: 27714104 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr06749b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that certain nanoparticles (NPs) can overcome the placental barrier, raising concerns on potential adverse effects on the growing fetus. But even in the absence of placental transfer, NPs may pose a risk to proper fetal development if they interfere with the viability and functionality of the placental tissue. The effects of NPs on the human placenta are not well studied or understood, and predictive in vitro placenta models to achieve mechanistic insights on NP-placenta interactions are essentially lacking. Using the scaffold-free hanging drop technology, we developed a well-organized and highly reproducible 3D co-culture microtissue (MT) model consisting of a core of placental fibroblasts surrounded by a trophoblast cell layer, which resembles the structure of the in vivo placental tissue. We could show that secretion levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) were significantly higher in 3D than in 2D cell cultures, which indicates an enhanced differentiation of trophoblasts grown on 3D MTs. NP toxicity assessment revealed that cadmium telluride (CdTe) and copper oxide (CuO) NPs but not titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs decreased MT viability and reduced the release of hCG. NP acute toxicity was significantly reduced in 3D co-culture MTs compared to 2D monocultures. Taken together, 3D placental MTs provide a new and promising model for the fast generation of tissue-relevant acute NP toxicity data, which are indispensable for the safe development of NPs for industrial, commercial and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Muoth
- Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Adrian Wichser
- Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Marco Monopoli
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Manuel Correia
- Research Group for Nano-Bio Science, Division for Food Technology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, DK-2860 Søborg, Denmark
| | - Nicky Ehrlich
- Research Group for Nano-Bio Science, Division for Food Technology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, DK-2860 Søborg, Denmark
| | - Katrin Loeschner
- Research Group for Nano-Bio Science, Division for Food Technology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, DK-2860 Søborg, Denmark
| | - Audrey Gallud
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Melanie Kucki
- Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Liliane Diener
- Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Pius Manser
- Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Wolfram Jochum
- Institute of Pathology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Peter Wick
- Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Tina Buerki-Thurnherr
- Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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Wills JW, Hondow N, Thomas AD, Chapman KE, Fish D, Maffeis TG, Penny MW, Brown RA, Jenkins GJS, Brown AP, White PA, Doak SH. Genetic toxicity assessment of engineered nanoparticles using a 3D in vitro skin model (EpiDerm™). Part Fibre Toxicol 2016; 13:50. [PMID: 27613375 PMCID: PMC5016964 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-016-0161-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The rapid production and incorporation of engineered nanomaterials into consumer products alongside research suggesting nanomaterials can cause cell death and DNA damage (genotoxicity) makes in vitro assays desirable for nanosafety screening. However, conflicting outcomes are often observed when in vitro and in vivo study results are compared, suggesting more physiologically representative in vitro models are required to minimise reliance on animal testing. Method BASF Levasil® silica nanoparticles (16 and 85 nm) were used to adapt the 3D reconstructed skin micronucleus (RSMN) assay for nanomaterials administered topically or into the growth medium. 3D dose-responses were compared to a 2D micronucleus assay using monocultured human B cells (TK6) after standardising dose between 2D / 3D assays by total nanoparticle mass to cell number. Cryogenic vitrification, scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering techniques were applied to characterise in-medium and air-liquid interface exposures. Advanced transmission electron microscopy imaging modes (high angle annular dark field) and X-ray spectrometry were used to define nanoparticle penetration / cellular uptake in the intact 3D models and 2D monocultured cells. Results For all 2D exposures, significant (p < 0.002) increases in genotoxicity were observed (≥100 μg/mL) alongside cell viability decreases (p < 0.015) at doses ≥200 μg/mL (16 nm-SiO2) and ≥100 μg/mL (85 nm-SiO2). In contrast, 2D-equivalent exposures to the 3D models (≤300 μg/mL) caused no significant DNA damage or impact on cell viability. Further increasing dose to the 3D models led to probable air-liquid interface suffocation. Nanoparticle penetration / cell uptake analysis revealed no exposure to the live cells of the 3D model occurred due to the protective nature of the skin model’s 3D cellular microarchitecture (topical exposures) and confounding barrier effects of the collagen cell attachment layer (in-medium exposures). 2D monocultured cells meanwhile showed extensive internalisation of both silica particles causing (geno)toxicity. Conclusions The results establish the importance of tissue microarchitecture in defining nanomaterial exposure, and suggest 3D in vitro models could play a role in bridging the gap between in vitro and in vivo outcomes in nanotoxicology. Robust exposure characterisation and uptake assessment methods (as demonstrated) are essential to interpret nano(geno)toxicity studies successfully. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12989-016-0161-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Wills
- Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - Nicole Hondow
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Adam D Thomas
- Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Katherine E Chapman
- Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - David Fish
- Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Thierry G Maffeis
- Multi-Disciplinary Nanotechnology Centre, College of Engineering, Singleton Park, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Mark W Penny
- Multi-Disciplinary Nanotechnology Centre, College of Engineering, Singleton Park, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Richard A Brown
- Multi-Disciplinary Nanotechnology Centre, College of Engineering, Singleton Park, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Gareth J S Jenkins
- Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Andy P Brown
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Paul A White
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie-Curie Private, Ottawa, K1N 9B4, ON, Canada
| | - Shareen H Doak
- Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
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Priwitaningrum DL, Blondé JBG, Sridhar A, van Baarlen J, Hennink WE, Storm G, Le Gac S, Prakash J. Tumor stroma-containing 3D spheroid arrays: A tool to study nanoparticle penetration. J Control Release 2016; 244:257-268. [PMID: 27616660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle penetration through tumor tissue after extravasation is considered as a key issue for tumor distribution and therapeutic effects. Most tumors possess abundant stroma, a fibrotic tissue composed of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and extracellular matrix (ECM), which acts as a barrier for nanoparticle penetration. There is however a lack of suitable in vitro systems to study the tumor stroma penetration of nanoparticles. In the present study, we developed and thoroughly characterized a 3D co-culture spheroidal array to mimic tumor stroma and investigated the penetration of silica and PLGA nanoparticles in these spheroids. First, we examined human breast tumor patient biopsies to characterize the content and organization of stroma and found a high expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA; 40% positive area) and collagen-1 (50% positive area). Next, we prepared homospheroids of 4T1 mouse breast cancer cells or 3T3 mouse fibroblasts alone as well as heterospheroids combining 3T3 and 4T1 cells in different ratios (1:1 and 5:1) using a microwell array platform. Confocal live imaging revealed that fibroblasts distributed and reorganized within 48h in heterospheroids. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining and gene expression analysis showed a proportional increase of α-SMA and collagen in heterospheroids with higher fibroblast ratios attaining 35% and 45% positive area at 5:1 (3T3:4T1) ratio, in a good match with the clinical breast tumor stroma. Subsequently, we studied the penetration of high and low negatively charged fluorescent silica nanoparticles (30nm; red and 100 or 70nm; green; zeta potential: -40mV and -20mV) and as well as Cy5-conjugated pegylated PLGA nanoparticles (200nm, -7mV) in both homo- and heterospheroid models. Fluorescent microscopy on spheroid cryosections after incubation with silica nanoparticles showed that 4T1 homospheroids allowed a high penetration of about 75-80% within 24h, with higher penetration in case of the 30nm nanoparticles. In contrast, spheroids with increasing fibroblast amounts significantly inhibited NP penetration. Silica nanoparticles with a less negative zeta potential exhibited lesser penetration compared to highly negative charged nanoparticles. Subsequently, similar experiments were conducted using Cy5-conjugated pegylated PLGA nanoparticles and confocal laser scanning microscopy; an increased nanoparticle penetration was found in 4T1 homospheroids until 48h, but significantly lower penetration in heterospheroids. Furthermore, we also developed human homospheroids (MDA-MB-231 or Panc-1 tumor cells) and heterospheroids (MDA-MB-231/BJ-hTert and Panc-1/pancreatic stellate cells) and performed silica nanoparticle (30 and 100nm) penetration studies. As a result, heterospheroids had significantly a lesser penetration of the nanoparticles compared to homospheroids. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that tumor stroma acts as a strong barrier for nanoparticle penetration. The 30-nm nanoparticles with low zeta potential favor deeper penetration. Furthermore, the herein proposed 3D co-culture platform that mimics the tumor stroma, is ideally suited to systematically investigate the factors influencing the penetration characteristics of newly developed nanomedicines to allow the design of nanoparticles with optimal penetration characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwi L Priwitaningrum
- Targeted Therapeutics, Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Baptiste G Blondé
- Applied Microfluidics for BioEngineering Research, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Adithya Sridhar
- Applied Microfluidics for BioEngineering Research, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Joop van Baarlen
- Laboratorium Pathologie Oost-Nederland (LabPON), Hengelo, The Netherlands
| | - Wim E Hennink
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Storm
- Targeted Therapeutics, Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Séverine Le Gac
- Applied Microfluidics for BioEngineering Research, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jai Prakash
- Targeted Therapeutics, Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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Shatkin JA, Ong KJ. Alternative Testing Strategies for Nanomaterials: State of the Science and Considerations for Risk Analysis. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2016; 36:1564-1580. [PMID: 27273523 DOI: 10.1111/risa.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The rapid growth of the nanotechnology industry has warranted equal progress in the nanotoxicology and risk assessment fields. In vivo models have traditionally been used to determine human and environmental risk for chemicals; however, the use of these tests has limitations, and there are global appeals to develop reliable alternatives to animal testing. Many have investigated the use of alternative (nonanimal) testing methods and strategies have quickly developed and resulted in the generation of large toxicological data sets for numerous nanomaterials (NMs). Due to the novel physicochemical properties of NMs that are related to surface characteristics, the approach toward toxicity test development has distinct considerations from traditional chemicals, bringing new requirements for adapting these approaches for NMs. The methodical development of strategies that combine multiple alternative tests can be useful for predictive NM risk assessment and help screening-level decision making. This article provides an overview of the main developments in alternative methods and strategies for reducing uncertainty in NM risk assessment, including advantages and disadvantages of in vitro, ex vivo, and in silico methods, and examples of existing comprehensive strategies. In addition, knowledge gaps are identified toward improvements for experimental and strategy design, specifically highlighting the need to represent realistic exposure scenarios and to consider NM-specific concerns such as characterization, assay interferences, and standardization. Overall, this article aims to improve the reliability and utility of alternative testing methods and strategies for risk assessment of manufactured NMs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K J Ong
- Vireo Advisors, LLC, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Chen Y, Gao D, Liu H, Lin S, Jiang Y. Drug cytotoxicity and signaling pathway analysis with three-dimensional tumor spheroids in a microwell-based microfluidic chip for drug screening. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 898:85-92. [PMID: 26526913 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there has been a growing need for developing in vitro models to better reflect organism response to chemotherapy at tissue level. For this reason, a microfluidic platform was developed for mimicking physiological microenvironment of solid tumor with multicellular tumor spheroids (MTS) for anticancer drug screening. Importantly, the power of this system over traditional systems is that it is simple to operate and high integration in a more physiologically relevant context. As a proof of concept, long-term MTS cultures with uniform structure were realized on the microfluidic based platform. The response of doxorubicin and paclitaxel on different types of spheroids were simultaneously performed by in situ Live/Dead fluorescence stain to provide spatial distribution of dead cells as well as cytotoxicity information. In addition, the established platform combined with microplate reader was capable to determine the cytotoxicity of different sized MTS, showing a more powerful tool than cell staining examination at the end-point of assay. The HCT116 spheroids were then lysed on chip followed by signaling transduction pathway analysis. To our knowledge, the on chip drug screening study is the first to address the drug susceptibility testing and the offline detailed drug signaling pathway analysis combination on one system. Thus, this novel microfluidic platform provides a useful tool for drug screening with tumor spheroids, which is crucial for drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Chen
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Key Lab of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology & Biotechnology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dan Gao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolomics at Shenzhen, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hongxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolomics at Shenzhen, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Shuo Lin
- Key Lab of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology & Biotechnology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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16
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Patil US, Adireddy S, Jaiswal A, Mandava S, Lee BR, Chrisey DB. In Vitro/In Vivo Toxicity Evaluation and Quantification of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:24417-50. [PMID: 26501258 PMCID: PMC4632758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161024417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing biomedical applications of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) in academic and commercial settings have alarmed the scientific community about the safety and assessment of toxicity profiles of IONPs. The great amount of diversity found in the cytotoxic measurements of IONPs points toward the necessity of careful characterization and quantification of IONPs. The present document discusses the major developments related to in vitro and in vivo toxicity assessment of IONPs and its relationship with the physicochemical parameters of IONPs. Major discussion is included on the current spectrophotometric and imaging based techniques used for quantifying, and studying the clearance and biodistribution of IONPs. Several invasive and non-invasive quantification techniques along with the pitfalls are discussed in detail. Finally, critical guidelines are provided to optimize the design of IONPs to minimize the toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujwal S Patil
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA.
| | - Shiva Adireddy
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, 5050 Percival Stern Hall, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.
| | - Ashvin Jaiswal
- Department of Immunology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| | - Sree Mandava
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane avenue, SL-42, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Benjamin R Lee
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane avenue, SL-42, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Douglas B Chrisey
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, 5050 Percival Stern Hall, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.
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An in vitro assessment of liposomal topotecan simulating metronomic chemotherapy in combination with radiation in tumor-endothelial spheroids. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15236. [PMID: 26468877 PMCID: PMC4606561 DOI: 10.1038/srep15236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Low dose metronomic chemotherapy (LDMC) refers to prolonged administration of low dose chemotherapy designed to minimize toxicity and target the tumor endothelium, causing tumor growth inhibition. Topotecan (TPT) when administered at its maximum tolerated dose (MTD) is often associated with systemic hematological toxicities. Liposomal encapsulation of TPT enhances efficacy by shielding it from systemic clearance, allowing greater uptake and extended tissue exposure in tumors. Extended release of TPT from liposomal formulations also has the potential to mimic metronomic therapies with fewer treatments. Here we investigate potential toxicities of equivalent doses of free and actively loaded liposomal TPT (LTPT) and compare them to a fractionated low dose regimen of free TPT in tumor-endothelial spheroids (TES) with/without radiation exposure for a prolonged period of 10 days. Using confocal microscopy, TPT fluorescence was monitored to determine the accumulation of drug within TES. These studies showed TES, being more reflective of the in vivo tumor microenvironment, were more sensitive to LTPT in comparison to free TPT with radiation. More importantly, the response of TES to low-dose metronomic TPT with radiation was comparable to similar treatment with LTPT. This TES study suggests nanoparticle formulations designed for extended release of drug can simulate LDMC in vivo.
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3D tumor tissue analogs and their orthotopic implants for understanding tumor-targeting of microenvironment-responsive nanosized chemotherapy and radiation. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 11:2013-23. [PMID: 26282381 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED An appropriate representation of the tumor microenvironment in tumor models can have a pronounced impact on directing combinatorial treatment strategies and cancer nanotherapeutics. The present study develops a novel 3D co-culture spheroid model (3D TNBC) incorporating tumor cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts as color-coded murine tumor tissue analogs (TTA) to better represent the tumor milieu of triple negative breast cancer in vitro. Implantation of TTA orthotopically in nude mice, resulted in enhanced growth and aggressive metastasis to ectopic sites. Subsequently, the utility of the model is demonstrated for preferential targeting of irradiated tumor endothelial cells via radiation-induced stromal enrichment of galectin-1 using anginex conjugated nanoparticles (nanobins) carrying arsenic trioxide and cisplatin. Demonstration of a multimodal nanotherapeutic system and inclusion of the biological response to radiation using an in vitro/in vivo tumor model incorporating characteristics of tumor microenvironment presents an advance in preclinical evaluation of existing and novel cancer nanotherapies. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR Existing in-vivo tumor models are established by implanting tumor cells into nude mice. Here, the authors described their approach 3D spheres containing tumor cells, enodothelial cells and fibroblasts. This would mimic tumor micro-environment more realistically. This interesting 3D model should reflect more accurately tumor response to various drugs and would enable the design of new treatment modalities.
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Piccinini F. AnaSP: a software suite for automatic image analysis of multicellular spheroids. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2015; 119:43-52. [PMID: 25737369 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Today, more and more biological laboratories use 3D cell cultures and tissues grown in vitro as a 3D model of in vivo tumours and metastases. In the last decades, it has been extensively established that multicellular spheroids represent an efficient model to validate effects of drugs and treatments for human care applications. However, a lack of methods for quantitative analysis limits the usage of spheroids as models for routine experiments. Several methods have been proposed in literature to perform high throughput experiments employing spheroids by automatically computing different morphological parameters, such as diameter, volume and sphericity. Nevertheless, these systems are typically grounded on expensive automated technologies, that make the suggested solutions affordable only for a limited subset of laboratories, frequently performing high content screening analysis. In this work we propose AnaSP, an open source software suitable for automatically estimating several morphological parameters of spheroids, by simply analyzing brightfield images acquired with a standard widefield microscope, also not endowed with a motorized stage. The experiments performed proved sensitivity and precision of the segmentation method proposed, and excellent reliability of AnaSP to compute several morphological parameters of spheroids imaged in different conditions. AnaSP is distributed as an open source software tool. Its modular architecture and graphical user interface make it attractive also for researchers who do not work in areas of computer vision and suitable for both high content screenings and occasional spheroid-based experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Piccinini
- Advanced Research Center on Electronic Systems (ARCES) for Information and Communication Technologies "E. De Castro", University of Bologna, Italy.
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Piccinini F, Tesei A, Arienti C, Bevilacqua A. Cancer multicellular spheroids: volume assessment from a single 2D projection. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2015; 118:95-106. [PMID: 25561413 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Volume is one of the most important features for the characterization of a tumour on a macroscopic scale. It is often used to assess the effectiveness of care treatments, thus making its correct evaluation a crucial issue for patient care. Similarly, volume is a key feature on a microscopic scale. Multicellular cancer spheroids are 3D tumour models widely employed in pre-clinical studies to test the effects of drugs and radiotherapy treatments. Very few methods have been proposed to estimate the tumour volume arising from a 2D projection of multicellular spheroids, and even fewer have been designed to provide a 3D reconstruction of the tumour shape. In this work, we propose Reconstruction and Visualization from a Single Projection (ReViSP), an automatic method conceived to reconstruct the 3D surface and estimate the volume of single cancer multicellular spheroids, or even of spheroid cultures. As the input parameter ReViSP requires only one 2D projection, which could be a widefield microscope image. We assessed the effectiveness of our method by comparing it with other approaches. To this purpose, we used a new strategy that allowed us to achieve accurate volume measurements based on the analysis of home-made 3D objects, built by mimicking the spheroid morphology. The results confirmed the effectiveness of our method for both 3D reconstruction and volume assessment. ReViSP software is distributed as an open source tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Piccinini
- Advanced Research Center on Electronic Systems (ARCES) for Information and Communication Technologies "E. De Castro", University of Bologna, Italy.
| | - Anna Tesei
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) s.r.l., IRCCS, Biosciences Laboratory, Meldola, FC, Italy.
| | - Chiara Arienti
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) s.r.l., IRCCS, Biosciences Laboratory, Meldola, FC, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Bevilacqua
- Advanced Research Center on Electronic Systems (ARCES) for Information and Communication Technologies "E. De Castro", University of Bologna, Italy; Department of Computer Science and Engineering (DISI), University of Bologna, Italy.
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Leong DT, Ng KW. Probing the relevance of 3D cancer models in nanomedicine research. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 79-80:95-106. [PMID: 24996135 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For decades, 2D cell culture format on plastic has been the main workhorse in cancer research. Though many important understandings of cancer cell biology were derived using this platform, it is not a fair representation of the in vivo scenario. In this review, both established and new 3D cell culture systems are discussed with specific references to anti-cancer drug and nanomedicine applications. 3D culture systems exploit more realistic spatial, biochemical and cellular heterogeneity parameters to bridge the experimental gap between in vivo and in vitro settings when studying the performance and efficacy of novel nanomedicine strategies to manage cancer. However, the complexities associated with 3D culture systems also necessitate greater technical expertise in handling and characterizing in order to arrive at meaningful experimental conclusions. Finally, we have also provided future perspectives where cutting edge 3D culture technologies may be combined with under-explored technologies to build better in vitro cancer platforms.
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Tissue-engineered 3D tumor angiogenesis models: potential technologies for anti-cancer drug discovery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 79-80:30-9. [PMID: 24819220 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is indispensable for solid tumor expansion, and thus it has become a major target of cancer research and anti-cancer therapies. Deciphering the arcane actions of various cell populations during tumor angiogenesis requires sophisticated research models, which could capture the dynamics and complexity of the process. There is a continuous need for improvement of existing research models, which engages interdisciplinary approaches of tissue engineering with life sciences. Tireless efforts to develop a new model to study tumor angiogenesis result in innovative solutions, which bring us one step closer to decipher the dubious nature of cancer. This review aims to overview the recent developments, current limitations and future challenges in three-dimensional tissue-engineered models for the study of tumor angiogenesis and for the purpose of elucidating novel targets aimed at anti-cancer drug discovery.
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Brown AL, Naha PC, Benavides-Montes V, Litt HI, Goforth AM, Cormode DP. Synthesis, X-ray Opacity, and Biological Compatibility of Ultra-High Payload Elemental Bismuth Nanoparticle X-ray Contrast Agents. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2014; 26:2266-2274. [PMID: 24803727 PMCID: PMC3985738 DOI: 10.1021/cm500077z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic nanoscale X-ray contrast agents (XCAs) offer many potential advantages over currently used intravascular molecular contrast agents, including longer circulation and retention times, lower administration volumes, and greater potential for site directed imaging. Elemental bismuth nanoparticles (BiNPs) are particularly attractive candidate XCAs due to the low cost, the high atomic number and high density of bismuth, and the likelihood that BiNPs will oxidatively decompose to biocompatible bismuth(III) ions at controlled rates for renal excretion. Herein we describe the synthesis of ultrahigh payload BiNPs in 1,2-propanediol using a borane reducing agent and glucose as a biocompatible surface stabilizer. Both synthetic solvent (1,2-propanediol) and surfactant (glucose) are evident on the BiNP surfaces when analyzed by 1H NMR and FT-IR spectroscopies. These particles contain ∼6 million Bi atoms per NP and have large inorganic cores (74 nm by TEM) compared to their hydrodynamic size (86 nm by DLS). Thus, the dense BiNP core constitutes the majority (∼60%) of each particle's volume, a necessary property to realize the full potential of nanoscale XCAs. Using quantitative computed tomography in phantom and in vitro imaging studies, we demonstrate that these BiNPs have greater X-ray opacity than clinical small molecule iodinated contrast agents at the same concentrations. We furthermore demonstrate a favorable biocompatibility profile for these BiNPs in vitro. Altogether, these studies indicate that these ultrahigh payload BiNPs, synthesized from known biocompatible components, have promising physical and cytotoxicological properties for use as XCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Portland
State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Pratap C. Naha
- Department of Radiology, Division of Cardiovascular
Medicine, and Department of Bioengineering, University
of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | | | - Harold I. Litt
- Department of Radiology, Division of Cardiovascular
Medicine, and Department of Bioengineering, University
of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Andrea M. Goforth
- Department of Chemistry, Portland
State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
- E-mail: (A.M.G.)
| | - David P. Cormode
- Department of Radiology, Division of Cardiovascular
Medicine, and Department of Bioengineering, University
of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- E-mail: (D.P.C.)
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Zhang PH, Cao JT, Min QH, Zhu JJ. Multi-shell structured fluorescent-magnetic nanoprobe for target cell imaging and on-chip sorting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:7417-7424. [PMID: 23823645 DOI: 10.1021/am401740a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we have developed a core-triple-shell structured multi-functional nanoprobe Fe3O4/SiO2/CdSeTe@ZnS-SiO2/polydopamine with strong fluorescence and a fast magnetic response for specifically recognizing, fluorescently labeling, and magnetically sorting target tumor cells on a microfluidic chip. The outer polydopamine layer not only effectively alleviated the quenching effect of the interlayer quantum dots but also provided a convenient and versatile functional interface to readily conjugate with the recognizing model molecules of aptamer KH1C12 with amine, thiol, or carboxyl groups. Moreover, the polydopamine isolation and PEG decoration equipped the as-fabricated nanoprobes with little cytotoxicity and nonspecific affinity, leading to the effective and specific profiling of the protein epitopes expressed on the target tumor cells. Taking advantage of the magnetic property and specific recognition, the modified nanoprobe was utilized to label and isolate HL-60 cells from a homogeneous cell mixture of HL-60 and K562 cells on a microfluidic chip. Combining with the high throughput of the microfluidic chip, 1.0 × 10(4) HL-60 cells were readily separated from 2.0 × 10(4) cells in only 10 min with 98% separation efficiency, markedly improved in comparison with conventional strategies. This study presents an innovative strategy for developing highly integrated nanoprobes of strong fluorescence and magnetic controllability, opening up a promising probe-based avenue for biological imaging and separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P.R.China
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25
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Qiao Y, An J, Ma L. Single Cell Array Based Assay for in Vitro Genotoxicity Study of Nanomaterials. Anal Chem 2013; 85:4107-12. [DOI: 10.1021/ac400242w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Qiao
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Jincui An
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Liyuan Ma
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
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Pampaloni F, Ansari N, Stelzer EHK. High-resolution deep imaging of live cellular spheroids with light-sheet-based fluorescence microscopy. Cell Tissue Res 2013; 352:161-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1589-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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27
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Luo Y, Hossain M, Wang C, Qiao Y, An J, Ma L, Su M. Targeted nanoparticles for enhanced X-ray radiation killing of multidrug-resistant bacteria. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:687-94. [PMID: 23223782 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr33154c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a nanoparticle enhanced X-ray irradiation based strategy that can be used to kill multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria. In the proof-of-concept experiment using MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) as an example, polyclonal antibody modified bismuth nanoparticles are introduced into bacterial culture to specifically target P. aeruginosa. After washing off uncombined bismuth nanoparticles, the bacteria are irradiated with X-rays, using a setup that mimics a deeply buried wound in humans. Results show that up to 90% of MDR P. aeruginosa are killed in the presence of 200 μg ml(-1) bismuth nanoparticles, whereas only ∼6% are killed in the absence of bismuth nanoparticles when exposed to 40 kVp X-rays for 10 min. The 200 μg ml(-1) bismuth nanoparticles enhance localized X-ray dose by 35 times higher than the control with no nanoparticles. In addition, no significant harmful effects on human cells (HeLa and MG-63 cells) have been observed with 200 μg ml(-1) bismuth nanoparticles and 10 min 40 kVp X-ray irradiation exposures, rendering the potential for future clinical use. Since X-rays can easily penetrate human tissues, this bactericidal strategy has the potential to be used in effectively killing deeply buried MDR bacteria in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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28
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Joris F, Manshian BB, Peynshaert K, De Smedt SC, Braeckmans K, Soenen SJ. Assessing nanoparticle toxicity in cell-based assays: influence of cell culture parameters and optimized models for bridging the in vitro–in vivo gap. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:8339-59. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60145e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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