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Wiedmer SK, Riekkola ML. Field-flow fractionation - an excellent tool for fractionation, isolation and/or purification of biomacromolecules. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1712:464492. [PMID: 37944435 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Field-flow fractionation (FFF) with its several variants, has developed into a mature methodology. The scope of the FFF investigations has expanded, covering both a wide range of basic studies and especially a wide range of analytical applications. Special attention of this review is given to the achievements of FFF with reference to recent applications in the fractionation, isolation, and purification of biomacromolecules, and from which especially those of (in alphabetical order) bacteria, cells, extracellular vesicles, liposomes, lipoproteins, nucleic acids, and viruses and virus-like particles. In evaluating the major approaches and trends demonstrated since 2012, the most significant biomacromolecule applications are compiled in tables. It is also evident that asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation is by far the most dominant technique in the studies. The industry has also shown current interest in FFF and adopted it in some sophisticated fields. FFF, in combination with appropriate detectors, handles biomacromolecules in open channel in a gentle way due to the lack of shear forces and unwanted interactions caused by the stationary phase present in chromatography. In addition, in isolation and purification of biomacromolecules quite high yields can be achieved under optimal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne K Wiedmer
- Department of Chemistry, POB 55, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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2
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Hassanpour Tamrin S, Sanati Nezhad A, Sen A. Label-Free Isolation of Exosomes Using Microfluidic Technologies. ACS NANO 2021; 15:17047-17079. [PMID: 34723478 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c03469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are cell-derived structures packaged with lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. They exist in diverse bodily fluids and are involved in physiological and pathological processes. Although their potential for clinical application as diagnostic and therapeutic tools has been revealed, a huge bottleneck impeding the development of applications in the rapidly burgeoning field of exosome research is an inability to efficiently isolate pure exosomes from other unwanted components present in bodily fluids. To date, several approaches have been proposed and investigated for exosome separation, with the leading candidate being microfluidic technology due to its relative simplicity, cost-effectiveness, precise and fast processing at the microscale, and amenability to automation. Notably, avoiding the need for exosome labeling represents a significant advance in terms of process simplicity, time, and cost as well as protecting the biological activities of exosomes. Despite the exciting progress in microfluidic strategies for exosome isolation and the countless benefits of label-free approaches for clinical applications, current microfluidic platforms for isolation of exosomes are still facing a series of problems and challenges that prevent their use for clinical sample processing. This review focuses on the recent microfluidic platforms developed for label-free isolation of exosomes including those based on sieving, deterministic lateral displacement, field flow, and pinched flow fractionation as well as viscoelastic, acoustic, inertial, electrical, and centrifugal forces. Further, we discuss advantages and disadvantages of these strategies with highlights of current challenges and outlook of label-free microfluidics toward the clinical utility of exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hassanpour Tamrin
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, CCIT 125, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Amir Sanati Nezhad
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, CCIT 125, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
- Center for Bioengineering Research and Education, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Arindom Sen
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
- Center for Bioengineering Research and Education, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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Shiri F, Gale BK, Sant H, Bardi GT, Hood JL, Petersen KE. Characterization of Human Glioblastoma versus Normal Plasma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Preisolated by Differential Centrifugation Using Cyclical Electrical Field-Flow Fractionation. Anal Chem 2020; 92:9866-9876. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Shiri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Bruce K. Gale
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Himanshu Sant
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Gina T. Bardi
- School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | - Joshua L. Hood
- School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | - Kevin E. Petersen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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Characterization and differential retention of Q beta bacteriophage virus-like particles using cyclical electrical field-flow fractionation and asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:1563-1572. [PMID: 31938845 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02383-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are widely used in medicine, but can be difficult to characterize and isolate from aggregates. In this research, primarily cyclical electrical field-flow fractionation (CyElFFF) coupled with multi-angle light scattering (MALS), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) detectors, was used for the first time to perform size and electrical characterization of three different types of Q beta bacteriophage virus-like particles (VLPs): a blank Q beta bacteriophage which is denoted as VLP and two conjugated ones with different peptides. The CyElFFF results were verified with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) coupled with MALS was also applied using conditions similar to those used in the CyElFFF experiments, and the results of the two techniques were compared to each other. Using these techniques, the size and electrophoretic characteristics of the fractionated VLPs in CyElFFF were obtained. The results indicate that CyElFFF can be used to obtain a clear distribution of electrophoretic mobilities for each type of VLP. Accordingly, CyElFFF was able to differentially retain and isolate VLPs with high surface electric charge/electrophoretic mobility from the ones with low electric charge/electrophoretic mobility. Regarding the size characterization, the size distribution of the eluted VLPs was obtained using both techniques. CyElFFF was able to identify subpopulations that did not appear in the AF4 results by generating a shoulder peak, whereas AF4 produced a single peak. Different size characteristics of the VLPs appearing in the shoulder peak and the main peak indicate that CyElFFF was able to isolate aggregated VLPs from the monomers partially. Graphical abstract.
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Zhang X, Li Y, Shen S, Lee S, Dou H. Field-flow fractionation: A gentle separation and characterization technique in biomedicine. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Huclier-Markai S, Grivaud-Le Du A, N'tsiba E, Montavon G, Mougin-Degraef M, Barbet J. Coupling a gamma-ray detector with asymmetrical flow field flow fractionation (AF4): Application to a drug-delivery system for alpha-therapy. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1573:107-114. [PMID: 30224278 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-particle-emitting radionuclides have been the subject of considerable investigation as cancer therapeutics, since they have the advantages of high potency and specificity. Among α-emitting radionuclides that are medically relevant and currently available, the lead-212/bismuth-212 radionuclide pair could constitute an in vivo generator. Considering its short half-life (T1/2 = 60.6 min), 212Bi can only be delivered using labelled carrier molecules that would rapidly accumulate in the target tumor. To expand the range of applications, an interesting method is to use its longer half-life parent 212Pb (T1/2 = 10.6 h) that decays to 212Bi. The challenge consists in keeping 212Bi bound to the vector after the 212Pb decay. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that a variety of vectors may be used to target alpha-emitting radionuclides to cancer cells. Nanoparticles, notably liposomes, allow combined targeting options, achieving high specific activities, easier combination of imaging and therapy and development of multimodality therapeutic agents (e.g., radionuclide therapy plus chemotherapy). The aim of this work consists in assessing the in vitro stability of 212Pb/212Bi encapsulation in the liposomes. Indeed, the release of the radionuclide from the carrier molecules might causes toxicity to normal tissues. To reach this goal, Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation (AF4) coupled with a Multi-Angle Light Scattering detector (MALS) was used and coupling with a gamma (γ) ray detector was developed. AF4-MALS-γ was shown to be a powerful tool for monitoring the liposome size together with the incorporation of the high energy alpha emitter. This was successfully extended to assess the stability of 212Bi-radiolabelled liposomes in serum showing that more than 85% of 212Pb/212Bi is retained after 24 h of incubation at 37 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Huclier-Markai
- SUBATECH, UMR 6457, IMT Atlantique CNRS/IN2P3-Université de Nantes-, 4 rue Alfred Kastler La Chantrerie, BP 20722, 44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France; GIP ARRONAX, 1 Rue Aronnax, CS 10112, 44817 Saint-Herblain Cedex, France.
| | - Alicia Grivaud-Le Du
- SUBATECH, UMR 6457, IMT Atlantique CNRS/IN2P3-Université de Nantes-, 4 rue Alfred Kastler La Chantrerie, BP 20722, 44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Estelle N'tsiba
- SUBATECH, UMR 6457, IMT Atlantique CNRS/IN2P3-Université de Nantes-, 4 rue Alfred Kastler La Chantrerie, BP 20722, 44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France; GIP ARRONAX, 1 Rue Aronnax, CS 10112, 44817 Saint-Herblain Cedex, France
| | - Gilles Montavon
- SUBATECH, UMR 6457, IMT Atlantique CNRS/IN2P3-Université de Nantes-, 4 rue Alfred Kastler La Chantrerie, BP 20722, 44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Marie Mougin-Degraef
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie de Nantes-Angers CRCINA, Inserm UMR 1232, Université de Nantes, Institut de Recherche en Santé de l'Université de Nantes, 8 quai Moncousu, BP70721, 44007 Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - Jacques Barbet
- GIP ARRONAX, 1 Rue Aronnax, CS 10112, 44817 Saint-Herblain Cedex, France; Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie de Nantes-Angers CRCINA, Inserm UMR 1232, Université de Nantes, Institut de Recherche en Santé de l'Université de Nantes, 8 quai Moncousu, BP70721, 44007 Nantes Cedex 1, France
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Malkovskiy AV, Wagh DA, Longo FM, Rajadas J. A strategy for analyzing bond strength and interaction kinetics between Pleckstrin homology domains and PI(4,5)P2 phospholipids using force distance spectroscopy and surface plasmon resonance. Analyst 2016; 140:4558-65. [PMID: 26040325 DOI: 10.1039/c5an00498e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipids are important membrane components involved in diverse biological activities ranging from cell signaling to infection by viral particles. A thorough understanding of protein-phospholipid interaction dynamics is thus crucial for deciphering basic cellular processes as well as for targeted drug discovery. For any specific phospholipid-protein binding experiment, various groups have reported different binding constants, which are strongly dependent on applied conditions of interactions. Here, we report a method for accurate determination of the binding affinity and specificity between proteins and phospholipids using a model interaction between PLC-δ1/PH and phosphoinositide phospholipid PtdIns(4,5)P2. We developed an accurate Force Distance Spectroscopy (FDS)-based assay and have attempted to resolve the problem of variation in the observed binding constant by directly measuring the bond force. We confirm the FDS findings of a high bond strength of ∼0.19 ± 0.04 nN by Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) data analysis, segregating non-specific interactions, which show a significantly lower K(D) suggesting tight binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Malkovskiy
- Stanford BioADD Laboratory, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
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Ornthai M, Siripinyanond A, Gale BK. Effect of Ionic and Nonionic Carriers in Electrical Field-Flow Fractionation. Anal Chem 2016; 88:1794-803. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathuros Ornthai
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Branches
of Physical Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Huachiew Chalermprakiet University, Bangna-Trad Rd., Samut Prakarn 10540, Thailand
| | - Atitaya Siripinyanond
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Bruce K. Gale
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, 1495 E 100 S, Room 1550 MEK, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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Biased cyclical electrical field-flow fractionation for separation of submicron particles. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 408:855-63. [PMID: 26612733 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9173-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The potential of biased cyclical electrical field-flow fractionation (BCyElFFF), which applies the positive cycle voltage longer than the negative cycle voltage, for characterization of submicron particles, was investigated. Parameters affecting separation and retention such as voltage, frequency, and duty cycle were examined. The results suggest that the separation mechanism in BCyElFFF in many cases is more related to the size of particles, as is the case with normal ElFFF, in the studied conditions, than the electrophoretic mobility, which is what the theory predicts for CyElFFF. However, better resolution was obtained when separating using BCyElFFF mode than when using normal CyElFFF. BCyElFFF was able to demonstrate simultaneous baseline separations of a mixture of 0.04-, 0.1-, and 0.2-μm particles and near separation of 0.5-μm particles. This study has shown the applicability of BCyElFFF for separation and characterization of submicron particles greater than 0.1-μm in size, which had not been demonstrated previously. The separation and retention results suggest that for particles of this size, retention is based more on particle size than on electrophoretic mobility, which is contrary to existing theory for CyElFFF.
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Tasci TO, Johnson WP, Fernandez DP, Manangon E, Gale BK. Circuit modification in electrical field flow fractionation systems generating higher resolution separation of nanoparticles. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1365:164-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.08.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Tasci TO, Johnson WP, Fernandez DP, Manangon E, Gale BK. Biased Cyclical Electrical Field Flow Fractionation for Separation of Sub 50 nm Particles. Anal Chem 2013; 85:11225-32. [DOI: 10.1021/ac401331z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tonguc O. Tasci
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - William P. Johnson
- Department
of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Diego P. Fernandez
- Department
of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Eliana Manangon
- Department
of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Bruce K. Gale
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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Kinde TF, Dutta D. A Microfluidic SPLITT Device for Fractionating Low-Molecular Weight Samples. Anal Chem 2013; 85:7167-72. [DOI: 10.1021/ac400843s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tristan F. Kinde
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - Debashis Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
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