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Al Matari A, Chendo C, Bouvarel T, Arveiler M, Tatoulian M, Venier O, Delaunay N, Pichon V. Development of setups for real-time analysis of the effluent of a microreactor by mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:6375-6387. [PMID: 37714973 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04932-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring a synthesis reaction in real time could allow not only the detection of the intermediates involved in the synthesis, to better understand its mechanisms, but also the impurities. Spectroscopic methods could be performed but are not so performant when analyzing complex mixtures and could require specific properties for the detection of the molecules of interest, the presence of a chromophore moiety for example. Mass spectrometry (MS) may overcome these limitations and is able to reach the accuracy and sensitivity required to efficiently detect, quantify, identify, and characterize the reagents and species produced during the synthesis. This is why the hyphenation of a microreactor with MS has already allowed synthesis processes to be monitored, but most of the time it targets a specific reaction or compounds and involves solvents compatible with MS. In this study, a universal setup for the hyphenation of a microreactor with MS and based on two valves has been developed. This two-valve setup has proven itself for the analysis of molecules of different nature and hydrophilicity, soluble in a large number of solvents even in non-MS-compatible ones. The developed setup evidenced a good repeatability and a linear response for the detection of the studied compounds. In addition, the dilution step included in the two-valve setup allows the MS monitoring of compounds initially synthesized at different concentrations. Finally, it was successfully used to study an amination reaction allowing the detection of the reaction products in 4 min with good repeatability as RSD values of MS signals were lower than 17%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Al Matari
- Department of Analytical, Bioanalytical Sciences and Miniaturization (LSABM) Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI), ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Chendo
- Department of Analytical, Bioanalytical Sciences and Miniaturization (LSABM) Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI), ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Bouvarel
- Department of Analytical, Bioanalytical Sciences and Miniaturization (LSABM) Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI), ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Maël Arveiler
- Procédés-Plasmas-Microsystèmes, IRCP ENSCP-PSL/CNRS UMR 8247, 8247, Paris, France
| | - Michaël Tatoulian
- Procédés-Plasmas-Microsystèmes, IRCP ENSCP-PSL/CNRS UMR 8247, 8247, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Venier
- Molecular Science Department, Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi Aventis R&D, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Delaunay
- Department of Analytical, Bioanalytical Sciences and Miniaturization (LSABM) Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI), ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Pichon
- Department of Analytical, Bioanalytical Sciences and Miniaturization (LSABM) Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI), ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005, Paris, France.
- Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France.
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Qiu ZD, Chen JL, Zeng W, Ma Y, Chen T, Tang JF, Lai CJS, Huang LQ. Real-time toxicity prediction of Aconitum stewing system using extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:903-912. [PMID: 32528836 PMCID: PMC7276682 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to numerous obstacles such as complex matrices, real-time monitoring of complex reaction systems (e.g., medicinal herb stewing system) has always been a challenge though great values for safe and rational use of drugs. Herein, facilitated by the potential ability on the tolerance of complex matrices of extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, a device was established to realize continuous sampling and real-time quantitative analysis of herb stewing system for the first time. A complete analytical strategy, including data acquisition, data mining, and data evaluation was proposed and implemented with overcoming the usual difficulties in real-time mass spectrometry quantification. The complex Fuzi (the lateral root of Aconitum)–meat stewing systems were real-timely monitored in 150 min by qualitative and quantitative analysis of the nine key alkaloids accurately. The results showed that the strategy worked perfectly and the toxicity of the systems were evaluated and predicated accordingly. Stewing with trotters effectively accelerated the detoxification of Fuzi soup and reduced the overall toxicity to 68%, which was recommended to be used practically for treating rheumatic arthritis and enhancing immunity. The established strategy was versatile, simple, and accurate, which would have a wide application prospect in real-time analysis and evaluation of various complex reaction systems.
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Fleischer H, Do VQ, Thurow K. Online Measurement System in Reaction Monitoring for Determination of Structural and Elemental Composition Using Mass Spectrometry. SLAS Technol 2019; 24:330-341. [PMID: 30616500 DOI: 10.1177/2472630318813838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The monitoring of chemical reactions is an important task in chemical engineering, especially in quality control, pharmaceutical and biological processes, or industrial production. The development of new reactions such as catalyst-based procedures requires detailed knowledge about process steps and reaction kinetics. For qualitative and quantitative analysis of reactants and resulting products, proprietary online measurement systems are used, which were designed for special applications. A mobile online reaction monitoring system was developed for a flexible coupling to different mass selective measurement systems for structural (ESI-MS) and elemental (ICP-MS) analysis to determine chemical precursors, reaction products, and internal standard compounds and their elemental composition at any stage of the reaction. Chemical reactions take place in a tempered continuous-flow microreactor. The flow rate in the microreactor can be varied to adjust the residence times in the reactor. An online dilution module was integrated to adapt the concentration of the reaction solutions to the working range of the analyzers. The performance and limitations of the online reaction system were determined using standard solutions and a real chemical reaction. The control software with a graphical user interface enables the adjustment of reaction, sampling, and measurement parameters as well as the system and process control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Fleischer
- 1 Institute of Automation, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Vinh Quang Do
- 2 Center for Life Science Automation (celisca), University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Can Tho University of Technology, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Kerstin Thurow
- 2 Center for Life Science Automation (celisca), University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Holmes N, Akien GR, Savage RJD, Stanetty C, Baxendale IR, Blacker AJ, Taylor BA, Woodward RL, Meadows RE, Bourne RA. Online quantitative mass spectrometry for the rapid adaptive optimisation of automated flow reactors. REACT CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5re00083a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
An automated continuous reactor for the synthesis of organic compounds, which uses online mass spectrometry (MS) for reaction monitoring and product quantification, is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Holmes
- Institute of Process Research and Development
- School of Chemistry
- University of Leeds
- Leeds
- UK
| | - Geoffrey R. Akien
- Institute of Process Research and Development
- School of Chemistry
- University of Leeds
- Leeds
- UK
| | | | | | | | - A. John Blacker
- Institute of Process Research and Development
- School of Chemistry
- University of Leeds
- Leeds
- UK
| | | | | | | | - Richard A. Bourne
- Institute of Process Research and Development
- School of Chemistry
- University of Leeds
- Leeds
- UK
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Monitoring of an esterification reaction by on-line direct liquid sampling mass spectrometry and in-line mid infrared spectrometry with an attenuated total reflectance probe. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 849:12-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Na N, Shi R, Long Z, Lu X, Jiang F, Ouyang J. Real-time analysis of self-assembled nucleobases by Venturi easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry. Talanta 2014; 128:366-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wong SY, Chen YC. Droplet-based electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for qualitative and quantitative analysis. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2014; 49:432-436. [PMID: 24809906 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Song-Yi Wong
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
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Hsieh CH, Meher AK, Chen YC. Automatic sampling and analysis of organics and biomolecules by capillary action-supported contactless atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66292. [PMID: 23762484 PMCID: PMC3675195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Contactless atmospheric pressure ionization (C-API) method has been recently developed for mass spectrometric analysis. A tapered capillary is used as both the sampling tube and spray emitter in C-API. No electric contact is required on the capillary tip during C-API mass spectrometric analysis. The simple design of the ionization method enables the automation of the C-API sampling system. In this study, we propose an automatic C-API sampling system consisting of a capillary (∼1 cm), an aluminium sample holder, and a movable XY stage for the mass spectrometric analysis of organics and biomolecules. The aluminium sample holder is controlled by the movable XY stage. The outlet of the C-API capillary is placed in front of the orifice of a mass spectrometer, whereas the sample well on the sample holder is moved underneath the capillary inlet. The sample droplet on the well can be readily infused into the C-API capillary through capillary action. When the sample solution reaches the capillary outlet, the sample spray is readily formed in the proximity of the mass spectrometer applied with a high electric field. The gas phase ions generated from the spray can be readily monitored by the mass spectrometer. We demonstrate that six samples can be analyzed in sequence within 3.5 min using this automatic C-API MS setup. Furthermore, the well containing the rinsing solvent is alternately arranged between the sample wells. Therefore, the C-API capillary could be readily flushed between runs. No carryover problems are observed during the analyses. The sample volume required for the C-API MS analysis is minimal, with less than 1 nL of the sample solution being sufficient for analysis. The feasibility of using this setup for quantitative analysis is also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Huan Hsieh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Anil Kumar Meher
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chie Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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