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Krestensen KK, Heeren RMA, Balluff B. State-of-the-art mass spectrometry imaging applications in biomedical research. Analyst 2023; 148:6161-6187. [PMID: 37947390 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01495a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging has advanced from a niche technique to a widely applied spatial biology tool operating at the forefront of numerous fields, most notably making a significant impact in biomedical pharmacological research. The growth of the field has gone hand in hand with an increase in publications and usage of the technique by new laboratories, and consequently this has led to a shift from general MSI reviews to topic-specific reviews. Given this development, we see the need to recapitulate the strengths of MSI by providing a more holistic overview of state-of-the-art MSI studies to provide the new generation of researchers with an up-to-date reference framework. Here we review scientific advances for the six largest biomedical fields of MSI application (oncology, pharmacology, neurology, cardiovascular diseases, endocrinology, and rheumatology). These publications thereby give examples for at least one of the following categories: they provide novel mechanistic insights, use an exceptionally large cohort size, establish a workflow that has the potential to become a high-impact methodology, or are highly cited in their field. We finally have a look into new emerging fields and trends in MSI (immunology, microbiology, infectious diseases, and aging), as applied MSI is continuously broadening as a result of technological breakthroughs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper K Krestensen
- The Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4I) Institute, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Ron M A Heeren
- The Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4I) Institute, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Benjamin Balluff
- The Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4I) Institute, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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2
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Parker GD, Hanley L, Yu XY. Mass Spectral Imaging to Map Plant-Microbe Interactions. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2045. [PMID: 37630605 PMCID: PMC10459445 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-microbe interactions are of rising interest in plant sustainability, biomass production, plant biology, and systems biology. These interactions have been a challenge to detect until recent advancements in mass spectrometry imaging. Plants and microbes interact in four main regions within the plant, the rhizosphere, endosphere, phyllosphere, and spermosphere. This mini review covers the challenges within investigations of plant and microbe interactions. We highlight the importance of sample preparation and comparisons among time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), laser desorption ionization (LDI/LDPI), and desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) techniques used for the analysis of these interactions. Using mass spectral imaging (MSI) to study plants and microbes offers advantages in understanding microbe and host interactions at the molecular level with single-cell and community communication information. More research utilizing MSI has emerged in the past several years. We first introduce the principles of major MSI techniques that have been employed in the research of microorganisms. An overview of proper sample preparation methods is offered as a prerequisite for successful MSI analysis. Traditionally, dried or cryogenically prepared, frozen samples have been used; however, they do not provide a true representation of the bacterial biofilms compared to living cell analysis and chemical imaging. New developments such as microfluidic devices that can be used under a vacuum are highly desirable for the application of MSI techniques, such as ToF-SIMS, because they have a subcellular spatial resolution to map and image plant and microbe interactions, including the potential to elucidate metabolic pathways and cell-to-cell interactions. Promising results due to recent MSI advancements in the past five years are selected and highlighted. The latest developments utilizing machine learning are captured as an important outlook for maximal output using MSI to study microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel D. Parker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Luke Hanley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Xiao-Ying Yu
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
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3
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Hristova J, Svinarov D. Enhancing precision medicine through clinical mass spectrometry platform. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2022.2053342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Hristova
- Alexander University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dobrin Svinarov
- Alexander University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Hanley L, Wickramasinghe R, Yung YP. Laser Desorption Combined with Laser Postionization for Mass Spectrometry. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2019; 12:225-245. [PMID: 30786215 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061318-115447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lasers with pulse lengths from nanoseconds to femtoseconds and wavelengths from the mid-infrared to extreme ultraviolet (UV) have been used for desorption or ablation in mass spectrometry. Such laser sampling can often benefit from the addition of a second laser for postionization of neutrals. The advantages offered by laser postionization include the ability to forego matrix application, high lateral resolution, decoupling of ionization from desorption, improved analysis of electrically insulating samples, and potential for high sensitivity and depth profiling while minimizing differential detection. A description of postionization by vacuum UV radiation is followed by a consideration of multiphoton, short pulse, and other postionization strategies. The impacts of laser pulse length and wavelength are considered for laser desorption or laser ablation at low pressures. Atomic and molecular analysis via direct laser desorption/ionization using near-infrared ultrashort pulses is described. Finally, the postionization of clusters, the role of gaseous collisions, sampling at ambient pressure, atmospheric pressure photoionization, and the addition of UV postionization to MALDI are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Hanley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA;
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Lu Q, Hu Y, Chen J, Li Y, Song W, Jin S, Liu F, Sheng L. Boron nitride nanotubes matrix for signal enhancement in infrared laser desorption postionization mass spectrometry. Talanta 2018; 187:106-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Lu Q, Hu Y, Chen J, Jin S. Laser Desorption Postionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Folic Acid Molecules in Tumor Tissue. Anal Chem 2017; 89:8238-8243. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, P. R. China
| | - Yongjun Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, P. R. China
| | - Shan Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, P. R. China
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Akhmetov A, Bhardwaj C, Hanley L. Laser desorption postionization mass spectrometry imaging of biological targets. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1203:185-94. [PMID: 25361678 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1357-2_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Laser desorption photoionization mass spectrometry (LDPI-MS) utilizes two separate light sources for desorption and photoionization of species from a solid surface. This technique has been applied to study a wide variety of molecular analytes in biological systems, but is not yet available in commercial instruments. For this reason, a generalized protocol is presented here for the use of LDPI-MS imaging to detect small molecules within intact biological samples. Examples are provided here for LDPI-MS imaging of an antibiotic within a tooth root canal and a metabolite within a coculture bacterial biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Akhmetov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, MC 111, 845 W. Taylor St., 4500 SES, Chicago, IL, 60607-7061, USA
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Schenk ER, Nau F, Thompson CJ, Tse-Dinh YC, Fernandez-Lima F. Changes in lipid distribution in E. coli strains in response to norfloxacin. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2015; 50:88-94. [PMID: 25601679 PMCID: PMC4300528 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics has become an increasing threat, requiring not only the development of new targets in drug discovery, but more importantly, a better understanding of cellular response. In the current study, three closely related Escherichia coli strains, a wild type (MG1655) and an isogenic pair derived from the wild type (DPB635 and DPB636) are studied following exposure to sub lethal concentrations of antibiotic (norfloxacin) over time. In particular, genotype similarities between the three strains were assessed based on the lipid regulation response (e.g. presence/absence and up/down regulation). Lipid identification was performed using direct surface probe analysis (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, MALDI), coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, FT-ICR MS) followed by statistical analysis of variability and reproducibility across batches using internal standards. Inspection of the lipid profile showed that for the MG1655, DPB635 and DPB636 E. coli strains, a similar distribution of the altered lipids was observed after exposure to norfloxacin antibiotic (e.g. fatty acids and glycerol phospholipids are up and down regulated, respectively). Additionally, variations in the lipid distribution resemble the extent to which each strain can combat the antibiotic exposure. That is, the topA66 topoisomerase I mutation of DPB636 translates into diminished response related to antibiotic sensitivity when compared to MG1655 and the DPB635 strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R. Schenk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Frederic Nau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | | | - Yuk-Ching Tse-Dinh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199
| | - Francisco Fernandez-Lima
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199
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Bhardwaj C, Cui Y, Hofstetter T, Liu SY, Bernstein HC, Carlson RP, Ahmed M, Hanley L. Differentiation of microbial species and strains in coculture biofilms by multivariate analysis of laser desorption postionization mass spectra. Analyst 2014; 138:6844-51. [PMID: 24067765 DOI: 10.1039/c3an01389h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
7.87 to 10.5 eV vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photon energies were used in laser desorption postionization mass spectrometry (LDPI-MS) to analyze biofilms comprised of binary cultures of interacting microorganisms. The effect of photon energy was examined using both tunable synchrotron and laser sources of VUV radiation. Principal components analysis (PCA) was applied to the MS data to differentiate species in Escherichia coli-Saccharomyces cerevisiae coculture biofilms. PCA of LDPI-MS also differentiated individual E. coli strains in a biofilm comprised of two interacting gene deletion strains, even though these strains differed from the wild type K-12 strain by no more than four gene deletions each out of approximately 2000 genes. PCA treatment of 7.87 eV LDPI-MS data separated the E. coli strains into three distinct groups, two "pure" groups, and a mixed region. Furthermore, the "pure" regions of the E. coli cocultures showed greater variance by PCA at 7.87 eV photon energies compared to 10.5 eV radiation. This is consistent with the expectation that the 7.87 eV photoionization selects a subset of low ionization energy analytes while 10.5 eV is more inclusive, detecting a wider range of analytes. These two VUV photon energies therefore give different spreads via PCA and their respective use in LDPI-MS constitute an additional experimental parameter to differentiate strains and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhavi Bhardwaj
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607-7061, USA.
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Takai N, Tanaka Y, Saji H. Quantification of small molecule drugs in biological tissue sections by imaging mass spectrometry using surrogate tissue-based calibration standards. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2014; 3:A0025. [PMID: 24738041 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.a0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative analysis of administered drugs in biological tissues is essential for understanding the mechanisms underlying their efficacy or toxicity. Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) may allow the quantification of targeted drugs in tissue sections along with the visualization of their spatial distribution. In this study, surrogate tissue-based calibration standards were prepared to quantify a small molecule drug (S-777469 or raclopride) in tissue sections of mice administered with the drug, followed by analysis with a linear ion trap mass spectrometer equipped with a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) source. The distribution of the drugs in the dissected organs was clearly visualized by MALDI-IMS. The drug concentration determined using the calibration standards prepared for MALDI-IMS analysis was highly consistent with that determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and the quantification in multiple organs was enabled. The results of this study show that MALDI-IMS can be used to quantify small molecule drugs in biological tissue sections using surrogate tissue-based calibration standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Takai
- Innovative Drug Discovery Research Laboratories, Shionogi & Co., Ltd
| | - Yukari Tanaka
- Drug Developmental Research Laboratories, Shionogi & Co., Ltd
| | - Hideo Saji
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
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Ehlert S, Walte A, Zimmermann R. Ambient Pressure Laser Desorption and Laser-Induced Acoustic Desorption Ion Mobility Spectrometry Detection of Explosives. Anal Chem 2013; 85:11047-53. [DOI: 10.1021/ac402704c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Ehlert
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute
of Chemistry, University of Rostock, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute
of Chemistry, University of Rostock, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Cooperation Group “Comprehensive
Molecular Analytics”, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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12
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Cui Y, Bhardwaj C, Milasinovic S, Carlson RP, Gordon RJ, Hanley L. Molecular imaging and depth profiling of biomaterials interfaces by femtosecond laser desorption postionization mass spectrometry. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:9269-9275. [PMID: 23947564 DOI: 10.1021/am4020633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) imaging is increasingly being applied to probe the interfaces of biomaterials with invasive microbial biofilms, human tissue, or other biological materials. Laser desorption vacuum ultraviolet postionization with ∼75 fs, 800 nm laser pulses (fs-LDPI-MS) was used to collect MS images of a yeast-Escherichia coli co-culture biofilm. The method was also used to depth profile a three-dimensionally structured, multispecies biofilm. Finally, fs-LDPI-MS analyses of yeast biofilms grown under different conditions were compared with LDPI-MS using ultraviolet, nanosecond pulse length laser desorption as well as with fs laser desorption ionization without postionization. Preliminary implications for the use of fs-LDPI-MS for the analysis of biomaterials interfaces are discussed and contrasted with established methods in MS imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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13
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Bhardwaj C, Moore JF, Cui Y, Gasper GL, Bernstein HC, Carlson RP, Hanley L. Laser desorption VUV postionization MS imaging of a cocultured biofilm. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:6969-77. [PMID: 23052888 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6454-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Laser desorption postionization mass spectrometry (LDPI-MS) imaging is demonstrated with a 10.5 eV photon energy source for analysis and imaging of small endogenous molecules within intact biofilms. Biofilm consortia comprised of a synthetic Escherichia coli K12 coculture engineered for syntrophic metabolite exchange are grown on membranes and then used to test LDPI-MS analysis and imaging. Both E. coli strains displayed many similar peaks in LDPI-MS up to m/z 650, although some observed differences in peak intensities were consistent with the appearance of byproducts preferentially expressed by one strain. The relatively low mass resolution and accuracy of this specific LDPI-MS instrument prevented definitive assignment of species to peaks, but strategies are discussed to overcome this shortcoming. The results are also discussed in terms of desorption and ionization issues related to the use of 10.5 eV single-photon ionization, with control experiments providing additional mechanistic information. Finally, 10.5 eV LDPI-MS was able to collect ion images from intact, electrically insulating biofilms at ~100 μm spatial resolution. Spatial resolution of ~20 μm was possible, although a relatively long acquisition time resulted from the 10 Hz repetition rate of the single-photon ionization source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhavi Bhardwaj
- Department of Chemistry, MC 111, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607-7061, USA
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