1
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Dong L, Zhang Y, Fu B, Swart C, Jiang H, Liu Y, Huggett J, Wielgosz R, Niu C, Li Q, Zhang Y, Park SR, Sui Z, Yu L, Liu Y, Xie Q, Zhang H, Yang Y, Dai X, Shi L, Yin Y, Fang X. Reliable biological and multi-omics research through biometrology. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:3645-3663. [PMID: 38507042 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05239-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Metrology is the science of measurement and its applications, whereas biometrology is the science of biological measurement and its applications. Biometrology aims to achieve accuracy and consistency of biological measurements by focusing on the development of metrological traceability, biological reference measurement procedures, and reference materials. Irreproducibility of biological and multi-omics research results from different laboratories, platforms, and analysis methods is hampering the translation of research into clinical uses and can often be attributed to the lack of biologists' attention to the general principles of metrology. In this paper, the progresses of biometrology including metrology on nucleic acid, protein, and cell measurements and its impacts on the improvement of reliability and comparability in biological research are reviewed. Challenges in obtaining more reliable biological and multi-omics measurements due to the lack of primary reference measurement procedures and new standards for biological reference materials faced by biometrology are discussed. In the future, in addition to establishing reliable reference measurement procedures, developing reference materials from single or multiple parameters to multi-omics scale should be emphasized. Thinking in way of biometrology is warranted for facilitating the translation of high-throughput omics research into clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianhua Dong
- Center for Advanced Measurement of Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Center for Advanced Measurement of Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Boqiang Fu
- Center for Advanced Measurement of Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Claudia Swart
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Yahui Liu
- Center for Advanced Measurement of Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jim Huggett
- National Measurement Laboratory at LGC (NML), Teddington, Middlesex, UK
| | - Robert Wielgosz
- Bureau International Des Poids Et Mesures (BIPM), Pavillon de Breteuil, 92312, Sèvres Cedex, France
| | - Chunyan Niu
- Center for Advanced Measurement of Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qianyi Li
- BGI, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Yongzhuo Zhang
- Center for Advanced Measurement of Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Sang-Ryoul Park
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhiwei Sui
- Center for Advanced Measurement of Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Lianchao Yu
- Center for Advanced Measurement of Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | | | - Qing Xie
- BGI, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | | | - Xinhua Dai
- Center for Advanced Measurement of Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Leming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Ye Yin
- BGI, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.
| | - Xiang Fang
- Center for Advanced Measurement of Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China.
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2
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Norgate EL, Upton R, Hansen K, Bellina B, Brookes C, Politis A, Barran PE. Cold Denaturation of Proteins in the Absence of Solvent: Implications for Protein Storage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115047. [PMID: 35313047 PMCID: PMC9325448 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The effect of temperature on the stability of proteins is well explored above 298 K, but harder to track experimentally below 273 K. Variable-temperature ion mobility mass spectrometry (VT IM-MS) allows us to measure the structure of molecules at sub-ambient temperatures. Here we monitor conformational changes that occur to two isotypes of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) on cooling by measuring their collision cross sections (CCS) at discrete drift gas temperatures from 295 to 160 K. The CCS at 250 K is larger than predicted from collisional theory and experimental data at 295 K. This restructure is attributed to change in the strength of stabilizing intermolecular interactions. Below 250 K the CCS of the mAbs increases in line with prediction implying no rearrangement. Comparing data from isotypes suggest disulfide bridging influences thermal structural rearrangement. These findings indicate that in vacuo deep-freezing minimizes denaturation and maintains the native fold and VT IM-MS measurements at sub ambient temperatures provide new insights to the phenomenon of cold denaturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Norgate
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Rosie Upton
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Kjetil Hansen
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, 7 Trinity Street, London, SE1 1DB, UK
| | - Bruno Bellina
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - C Brookes
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Moreton, Wirral, CH46 1QW, UK
| | - Argyris Politis
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, 7 Trinity Street, London, SE1 1DB, UK
| | - Perdita E Barran
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
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3
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Norgate EL, Upton R, Hansen K, Bellina B, Brookes C, Politis A, Barran PE. Cold Denaturation of Proteins in the Absence of Solvent: Implications for Protein Storage. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 134:e202115047. [PMID: 38505418 PMCID: PMC10947158 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The effect of temperature on the stability of proteins is well explored above 298 K, but harder to track experimentally below 273 K. Variable-temperature ion mobility mass spectrometry (VT IM-MS) allows us to measure the structure of molecules at sub-ambient temperatures. Here we monitor conformational changes that occur to two isotypes of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) on cooling by measuring their collision cross sections (CCS) at discrete drift gas temperatures from 295 to 160 K. The CCS at 250 K is larger than predicted from collisional theory and experimental data at 295 K. This restructure is attributed to change in the strength of stabilizing intermolecular interactions. Below 250 K the CCS of the mAbs increases in line with prediction implying no rearrangement. Comparing data from isotypes suggest disulfide bridging influences thermal structural rearrangement. These findings indicate that in vacuo deep-freezing minimizes denaturation and maintains the native fold and VT IM-MS measurements at sub ambient temperatures provide new insights to the phenomenon of cold denaturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Norgate
- Manchester Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of ManchesterPrincess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Rosie Upton
- Manchester Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of ManchesterPrincess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Kjetil Hansen
- Department of ChemistryKing's College London7 Trinity StreetLondonSE1 1DBUK
| | - Bruno Bellina
- Manchester Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of ManchesterPrincess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - C. Brookes
- Bristol-Myers SquibbMoretonWirralCH46 1QWUK
| | - Argyris Politis
- Department of ChemistryKing's College London7 Trinity StreetLondonSE1 1DBUK
| | - Perdita E. Barran
- Manchester Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of ManchesterPrincess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
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4
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Groves K, Ashcroft AE, Cryar A, Sula A, Wallace BA, Stocks BB, Burns C, Cooper-Shepherd D, De Lorenzi E, Rodriguez E, Zhang H, Ault JR, Ferguson J, Phillips JJ, Pacholarz K, Thalassinos K, Luckau L, Ashton L, Durrant O, Barran P, Dalby P, Vicedo P, Colombo R, Davis R, Parakra R, Upton R, Hill S, Wood V, Soloviev Z, Quaglia M. Reference Protocol to Assess Analytical Performance of Higher Order Structural Analysis Measurements: Results from an Interlaboratory Comparison. Anal Chem 2021; 93:9041-9048. [PMID: 34165299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Measurements of protein higher order structure (HOS) provide important information on stability, potency, efficacy, immunogenicity, and biosimilarity of biopharmaceuticals, with a significant number of techniques and methods available to perform these measurements. The comparison of the analytical performance of HOS methods and the standardization of the results is, however, not a trivial task, due to the lack of reference protocols and reference measurement procedures. Here, we developed a protocol to structurally alter and compare samples of somatropin, a recombinant biotherapeutic, and describe the results obtained by using a number of techniques, methods and in different laboratories. This, with the final aim to provide tools and generate a pool of data to compare and benchmark analytical platforms and define method sensitivity to structural changes. Changes in somatropin HOS, induced by the presence of zinc at increasing concentrations, were observed, both globally and at more localized resolution, across many of the methods utilized in this study and with different sensitivities, suggesting the suitability of the protocol to improve understanding of inter- and cross-platform measurement comparability and assess analytical performance as appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Groves
- National Measurement Laboratory, LGC Ltd. Queens Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LY, U.K
| | - A E Ashcroft
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology & School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - A Cryar
- National Measurement Laboratory, LGC Ltd. Queens Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LY, U.K
| | - A Sula
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, U.K
| | - B A Wallace
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, U.K
| | - B B Stocks
- National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - C Burns
- Biotherapeutics Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, U.K
| | - D Cooper-Shepherd
- National Measurement Laboratory, LGC Ltd. Queens Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LY, U.K
| | - E De Lorenzi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - E Rodriguez
- UCB Celltech, 216 Bath Road, Slough, Berkshire SL1 3WE, U.K
| | - H Zhang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - J R Ault
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology & School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - J Ferguson
- Biotherapeutics Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, U.K
| | - J J Phillips
- Living Systems Institute, Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, , U.K
| | - K Pacholarz
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - K Thalassinos
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6AR, U.K
| | - L Luckau
- National Measurement Laboratory, LGC Ltd. Queens Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LY, U.K
| | - L Ashton
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, U.K
| | - O Durrant
- UCB Celltech, 216 Bath Road, Slough, Berkshire SL1 3WE, U.K
| | - P Barran
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - P Dalby
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - P Vicedo
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - R Colombo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - R Davis
- UCB Celltech, 216 Bath Road, Slough, Berkshire SL1 3WE, U.K
| | - R Parakra
- Living Systems Institute, Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, , U.K
| | - R Upton
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - S Hill
- National Measurement Laboratory, LGC Ltd. Queens Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LY, U.K
| | - V Wood
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Z Soloviev
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6AR, U.K
| | - M Quaglia
- National Measurement Laboratory, LGC Ltd. Queens Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LY, U.K
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5
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Hartmann L, Botzanowski T, Galibert M, Jullian M, Chabrol E, Zeder-Lutz G, Kugler V, Stojko J, Strub JM, Ferry G, Frankiewicz L, Puget K, Wagner R, Cianférani S, Boutin JA. VHH characterization. Comparison of recombinant with chemically synthesized anti-HER2 VHH. Protein Sci 2019; 28:1865-1879. [PMID: 31423659 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the continuous exploration of the VHH chemistry, biochemistry and therapeutic future use, we investigated two different production strategies of this small antibody-like protein, using an anti-HER2 VHH as a model. The total chemical synthesis of the 125 amino-acid peptide was performed with reasonable yield, even if optimization will be necessary to upgrade this kind of production. In parallel, we expressed the same sequence in two different hosts: Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris. Both productions were successful and led to a fair amount of VHHs. The integrity and conformation of the VHH were characterized by complementary mass spectrometry approaches, while surface plasmon resonance experiments were used to assess the VHH recognition capacity and affinity toward its "antigen." Using this combination of orthogonal techniques, it was possible to show that the three VHHs-whether synthetic or recombinant ones-were properly and similarly folded and recognized the "antigen" HER2 with similar affinities, in the nanomolar range. This opens a route toward further exploration of modified VHH with unnatural amino acids and subsequently, VHH-drug conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Hartmann
- Plateforme IMPReSs, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Thomas Botzanowski
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | - Eric Chabrol
- PEX de Biotechnologie, Chimie et Biologie, Institut de REchercehs Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Gabrielle Zeder-Lutz
- Plateforme IMPReSs, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Valérie Kugler
- Plateforme IMPReSs, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Johann Stojko
- PEX de Biotechnologie, Chimie et Biologie, Institut de REchercehs Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Jean-Marc Strub
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Gilles Ferry
- PEX de Biotechnologie, Chimie et Biologie, Institut de REchercehs Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | | | | | - Renaud Wagner
- Plateforme IMPReSs, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Sarah Cianférani
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean A Boutin
- Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France
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6
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Melanson JE, Thibeault MP, Stocks BB, Leek DM, McRae G, Meija J. Purity assignment for peptide certified reference materials by combining qNMR and LC-MS/MS amino acid analysis results: application to angiotensin II. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:6719-6731. [PMID: 30143839 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1272-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The purity value assignment of metrologically traceable peptide reference standards requires specialized primary methods. Conventionally, amino acid analysis by isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) following peptide hydrolysis is employed as a reference method. By contrast, quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) spectroscopy allows for quantitation of intact peptides, thus eliminating potential bias due to hydrolysis. Both methods are susceptible to interference from related peptide impurities, which need to be accurately measured and accounted for. The mass balance approach has also been employed for peptide purity measurements, whereby the purity is defined by the sum of the mass fraction of all impurities identified. Ideally, results from these three orthogonal methods can be combined for final purity assignment of peptide reference standards. Here we report a novel strategy for correcting both LC-MS/MS and 1H-qNMR results for related peptide impurities and combining results from both methods using a Bayesian statistical approach using mass balance results as prior knowledge. The mass balance method relied on a validated 19F-qNMR method to measure the trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) counter-ion, considered an impurity in this case at nearly 25% by mass. Using a candidate certified reference material (CRM) for angiotensin II, excellent agreement was achieved with the three methods. The final purity value assignment of the candidate CRM was 691 ± 9 mg/g (k = 2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy E Melanson
- National Research Council Canada, Metrology, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada.
| | - Marie-Pier Thibeault
- National Research Council Canada, Metrology, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Bradley B Stocks
- National Research Council Canada, Metrology, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Donald M Leek
- National Research Council Canada, Metrology, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Garnet McRae
- National Research Council Canada, Metrology, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Juris Meija
- National Research Council Canada, Metrology, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
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7
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Stocks BB, Thibeault MP, Meija J, Melanson JE. Assessing MS-based quantitation strategies for low-level impurities in peptide reference materials: application to angiotensin II. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:6963-6972. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1302-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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8
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Stocks BB, Melanson JE. In-Source Reduction of Disulfide-Bonded Peptides Monitored by Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 29:742-751. [PMID: 29450858 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-018-1894-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Many peptides with antimicrobial activity and/or therapeutic potential contain disulfide bonds as a means to enhance stability, and their quantitation is often performed using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Disulfides can be reduced during ESI under commonly used instrument conditions, which has the potential to hinder accurate peptide quantitation. We demonstrate that this in-source reduction (ISR) is predominantly observed for peptides infused from acidic solutions and subjected to elevated ESI voltages (3-4 kV). ISR is readily apparent in the mass spectrum of oxytocin-a small, single disulfide-containing peptide. However, subtle m/z shifts due to partial ISR of highly charged (z ≥ 3) peptides with multiple disulfide linkages may proceed unnoticed. Ion mobility (IM)-MS separates ions on the basis of charge and shape in the gas phase, and using insulin as a model system, we show that IM-MS arrival time distributions (ATDs) are particularly sensitive to partial ISR of large peptides. Isotope modeling allows for the relative quantitation of disulfide-intact and partially reduced states of the mobility-separated peptide conformers. Interestingly, hepcidin peptides ionized from acidic solutions at elevated ESI voltages undergo gas-phase compaction, ostensibly due to partial disulfide ISR. Our IM-MS results lead us to propose that residual acid is the likely cause of disparate ATDs recently measured for hepcidin from different suppliers [Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 409, 2559-2567 (2017)]. Overall, our results demonstrate the utility of IM-MS to detect partial ISR of disulfide-bonded peptides and reinforce the notion that peptide/protein measurements should be carried out using minimally activating instrument conditions. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley B Stocks
- National Research Council of Canada, Measurement Science and Standards, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada.
| | - Jeremy E Melanson
- National Research Council of Canada, Measurement Science and Standards, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
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9
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Marie AL, Dominguez-Vega E, Saller F, Plantier JL, Urbain R, Borgel D, Tran NT, Somsen GW, Taverna M. Characterization of conformers and dimers of antithrombin by capillary electrophoresis-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 947:58-65. [PMID: 27846990 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Antithrombin (AT) is a plasma glycoprotein which possesses anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory properties. AT exhibits various forms, among which are native, latent and heterodimeric ones. We studied the potential of capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) using a sheath liquid interface, electrospray ionization (ESI), and a quadrupole-time-of-flight (Q-TOF) mass spectrometer to separate and quantify the different AT forms. For CE separation, a neutral polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) coated capillary was employed. The protein conformation was preserved by using a background electrolyte (BGE) at physiological pH. A sheath liquid of isopropanol-water 50:50 (v/v) with 14 mM ammonium acetate delivered at a flow rate of 120 μL h-1 resulted in optimal signal intensities. Each AT form exhibited a specific mass spectrum, allowing unambiguous distinction. Several co-injection experiments proved that latent AT had a higher electrophoretic mobility (μep) than native AT, and that these conformers could associate to form a heterodimer during the CE analysis. The developed CE-MS method enabled the detection and quantitation of latent and heterodimeric forms in a commercial AT preparation stored at room temperature for three weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Lise Marie
- Institut Galien Paris Sud, UMR8612, Protein and Nanotechnology in Analytical Science (PNAS), CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Elena Dominguez-Vega
- Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, AIMMS Research Group Biomolecular Analysis, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - François Saller
- Université Paris Sud, UMR-S1176, 94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; INSERM, U1176, 94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | | | | | - Delphine Borgel
- Université Paris Sud, UMR-S1176, 94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; INSERM, U1176, 94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Necker, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, 75015, Paris, France
| | - N Thuy Tran
- Institut Galien Paris Sud, UMR8612, Protein and Nanotechnology in Analytical Science (PNAS), CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Govert W Somsen
- Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, AIMMS Research Group Biomolecular Analysis, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Myriam Taverna
- Institut Galien Paris Sud, UMR8612, Protein and Nanotechnology in Analytical Science (PNAS), CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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10
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Mistarz UH, Brown JM, Haselmann KF, Rand KD. Probing the Binding Interfaces of Protein Complexes Using Gas-Phase H/D Exchange Mass Spectrometry. Structure 2015; 24:310-8. [PMID: 26749447 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2015.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fast gas-phase hydrogen/deuterium exchange mediated by ND3 gas and measured by mass spectrometry (gas-phase HDX-MS) is a largely unharnessed, fast, and sensitive method for probing primary- and higher-order polypeptide structure. Labeling of heteroatom-bound non-amide hydrogens in a sub-millisecond time span after electrospray ionization by ND3 gas can provide structural insights into protein conformers present in solution. Here, we have explored the use of gas-phase HDX-MS for probing the higher-order structure and binding interfaces of protein complexes originating from native solution conditions. Lysozyme ions bound by an oligosaccharide incorporated less deuterium than the unbound ion. Similarly, trypsin ions showed reduced deuterium uptake when bound by the peptide ligand vasopressin. Our results are in good agreement with crystal structures of the native protein complexes, and illustrate that gas-phase HDX-MS can provide a sensitive and simple approach to measure the number of heteroatom-bound non-amide side-chain hydrogens involved in the binding interface of biologically relevant protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrik H Mistarz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Jeffery M Brown
- Waters MS Technologies Centre, Waters Corporation, Altrincham Road, Wilmslow SK9 4AX, UK
| | - Kim F Haselmann
- Diabetes Protein Engineering, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, Måløv 2670, Denmark
| | - Kasper D Rand
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
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11
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Pacholarz KJ, Peters SJ, Garlish RA, Henry AJ, Taylor RJ, Humphreys DP, Barran PE. Molecular Insights into the Thermal Stability of mAbs with Variable-Temperature Ion-Mobility Mass Spectrometry. Chembiochem 2015; 17:46-51. [PMID: 26534882 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aggregation of protein-based therapeutics such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can affect the efficacy of the treatment and can even induce effects that are adverse to the patient. Protein engineering is used to shift the mAb away from an aggregation-prone state by increasing the thermodynamic stability of the native fold, which might in turn alter conformational flexibility. We have probed the thermal stability of three types of intact IgG molecules and two Fc-hinge fragments by using variable-temperature ion-mobility mass spectrometry (VT-IM-MS). We observed changes in the conformations of isolated proteins as a function of temperature (300-550 K). The observed differences in thermal stability between IgG subclasses can be rationalized in terms of changes to higher-order structural organization mitigated by the hinge region. VT-IM-MS provides insights into mAbs structural thermodynamics and is presented as a promising tool for thermal-stability studies for proteins of therapeutic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila J Pacholarz
- MIB and School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Perdita E Barran
- MIB and School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
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12
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Beeston HS, Ault JR, Pringle SD, Brown JM, Ashcroft AE. Changes in protein structure monitored by use of gas-phase hydrogen/deuterium exchange. Proteomics 2015; 15:2842-50. [PMID: 25603979 PMCID: PMC4973844 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The study of protein conformation by solution‐phase hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX) coupled to MS is well documented. This involves monitoring the exchange of backbone amide protons with deuterium and provides details concerning the protein's tertiary structure. However, undesired back‐exchange during post‐HDX analyses can be difficult to control. Here, gas‐phase HDX‐MS, during which labile hydrogens on amino acid side chains are exchanged in sub‐millisecond time scales, has been employed to probe changes within protein structures. Addition of the solvent 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol to a protein in solution can affect the structure of the protein, resulting in an increase in secondary and/or tertiary structure which is detected using circular dichroism. Using a Synapt G2‐S ESI‐mass spectrometer modified to allow deuterated ammonia into the transfer ion guide (situated between the ion mobility cell and the TOF analyser), gas‐phase HDX‐MS is shown to reflect minor structural changes experienced by the proteins β‐lactoglobulin and ubiquitin, as observed by the reduction in the level of deuterium incorporation. Additionally, the use of gas‐phase HDX‐MS to distinguish between co‐populated proteins conformers within a solution is demonstrated with the disordered protein calmodulin; the gas‐phase HDX‐MS results correspond directly with complementary data obtained by use of ion mobility spectrometry‐MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen S Beeston
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology & Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - James R Ault
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology & Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | | | - Alison E Ashcroft
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology & Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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13
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Chen Q, Zhang J, Ke X, Lai S, Tao B, Yang J, Mo W, Ren Y. Quantification of bovine β-casein allergen in baked foodstuffs based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2014; 32:25-34. [PMID: 25413212 PMCID: PMC4487529 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2014.990994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The quantification of allergens in food including baked food matrices is of great interest. The aim of the present study was to describe a non-immunologic method to quantify bovine β-casein using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-TQ-MS/MS) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Eight of 10 theoretical peptides from β-casein after tryptic digestion were compared and MRM methods were developed to determine five signature peptides. The peptide VLPVPQK was selected as the signature peptide for bovine β-casein because of the high sensitivity. A stable isotope-labelled internal standard was designed to adjust the instability of sample pre-treatment and ionisation caused by matrix effect. Using the present suspension digestion method, the native and denatured β-casein could be digested to release the signature peptide at the maximum extent. The UPLC-TQ-MS/MS method developed based on a tryptic signature peptide led to a reliable determination of bovine β-casein allergen in baked food matrices at a low quantitation level down to 500 μg kg(-1) with a satisfactory accuracy (< 8.9%) and recovery (98.8% ± 2.6% to 106.7% ± 3.0%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- a Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Hangzhou , China
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14
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Debaene F, Bœuf A, Wagner-Rousset E, Colas O, Ayoub D, Corvaïa N, Van Dorsselaer A, Beck A, Cianférani S. Innovative Native MS Methodologies for Antibody Drug Conjugate Characterization: High Resolution Native MS and IM-MS for Average DAR and DAR Distribution Assessment. Anal Chem 2014; 86:10674-83. [DOI: 10.1021/ac502593n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- François Debaene
- BioOrganic
Mass Spectrometry Laboratory
(LSMBO), IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
- IPHC, CNRS, UMR7178, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Amandine Bœuf
- Centre d’Immunologie
Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), 5 Av. Napoléon
III, BP 60497, 74164 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Elsa Wagner-Rousset
- Centre d’Immunologie
Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), 5 Av. Napoléon
III, BP 60497, 74164 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Olivier Colas
- Centre d’Immunologie
Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), 5 Av. Napoléon
III, BP 60497, 74164 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Daniel Ayoub
- Centre d’Immunologie
Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), 5 Av. Napoléon
III, BP 60497, 74164 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Nathalie Corvaïa
- Centre d’Immunologie
Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), 5 Av. Napoléon
III, BP 60497, 74164 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Alain Van Dorsselaer
- BioOrganic
Mass Spectrometry Laboratory
(LSMBO), IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
- IPHC, CNRS, UMR7178, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Alain Beck
- Centre d’Immunologie
Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), 5 Av. Napoléon
III, BP 60497, 74164 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Sarah Cianférani
- BioOrganic
Mass Spectrometry Laboratory
(LSMBO), IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
- IPHC, CNRS, UMR7178, 67087 Strasbourg, France
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15
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Pritchard C, Groves KJ, Biesenbruch S, O’Connor G, Ashcroft AE, Arsene C, Schulze D, Quaglia M. Quantification of Human Growth Hormone in Serum with a Labeled Protein as an Internal Standard: Essential Considerations. Anal Chem 2014; 86:6525-32. [DOI: 10.1021/ac501032q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Pritchard
- LGC, Queens Road, Teddington, London TW11
0LY, United Kingdom
- Astbury
Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Kate J. Groves
- LGC, Queens Road, Teddington, London TW11
0LY, United Kingdom
| | | | - Gavin O’Connor
- LGC, Queens Road, Teddington, London TW11
0LY, United Kingdom
| | - Alison E. Ashcroft
- Astbury
Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Cristian Arsene
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee
100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dirk Schulze
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee
100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Milena Quaglia
- LGC, Queens Road, Teddington, London TW11
0LY, United Kingdom
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16
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Pacholarz KJ, Porrini M, Garlish RA, Burnley RJ, Taylor RJ, Henry AJ, Barran PE. Dynamics of Intact Immunoglobulin G Explored by Drift-Tube Ion-Mobility Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Modeling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201402863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Pacholarz KJ, Porrini M, Garlish RA, Burnley RJ, Taylor RJ, Henry AJ, Barran PE. Dynamics of Intact Immunoglobulin G Explored by Drift-Tube Ion-Mobility Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Modeling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:7765-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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