1
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Beloborodov SS, Schneider BB, Oleschuk RD, Yves Le Blanc JC. Open Port Interface for Coupling Capillary Electrophoresis and Mass Spectrometry: Performance Evaluation for Capillary Isoelectric Focusing. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:2107-2116. [PMID: 37650584 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) combined with mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful analytical technique that utilizes the resolving power of CE and the mass-detection capabilities of MS. In many cases, CE is coupled to MS via a sheath-flow interface (SFI). This interface has a simple design and can be easily constructed; however, it often suffers from issues such as MS signal suppression, interference of MS and CE electrical circuits, and the inability to set an optical point of detection close to the capillary end due to the specific design of the coupling union. In this paper, we describe a novel coupling of CE and MS based upon the open port interface (OPI). The OPI differs from classical sheath flow interfaces by operating at flow rates at least 1 order of magnitude higher. In addition to the flow rate difference, the OPI provides more efficient mixing of the capillary eluates with the transport fluid and thus minimizes MS signal suppression. In this work, we compared the performance of OPI and SFI in a series of capillary isoelectric focusing (cIEF) experiments with 5 pI markers, carbonic anhydrase II and NIST antibody. The evaluation criteria for the comparison of the OPI and SFI were analytical sensitivity, reproducibility, and pI marker linearity. Given the extent of sample dilution in the OPI, we also compared the peak resolution determined using an upstream UV detector to those determined by the downstream mass spectrometer. The results suggested that the OPI configuration reduced signal suppression, with no adverse effect on peak resolution. In addition, the OPI provided better decoupling of the CE and MS potentials as well as reduced signal dependence upon the sheath liquid composition. While these results are preliminary, they suggest that the OPI is a viable approach for CE-MS coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Richard D Oleschuk
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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2
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Chen D, McCool EN, Yang Z, Shen X, Lubeckyj RA, Xu T, Wang Q, Sun L. Recent advances (2019-2021) of capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry for multilevel proteomics. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:617-642. [PMID: 34128246 PMCID: PMC8671558 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Multilevel proteomics aims to delineate proteins at the peptide (bottom-up proteomics), proteoform (top-down proteomics), and protein complex (native proteomics) levels. Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) can achieve highly efficient separation and highly sensitive detection of complex mixtures of peptides, proteoforms, and even protein complexes because of its substantial technical progress. CE-MS has become a valuable alternative to the routinely used liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for multilevel proteomics. This review summarizes the most recent (2019-2021) advances of CE-MS for multilevel proteomics regarding technological progress and biological applications. We also provide brief perspectives on CE-MS for multilevel proteomics at the end, highlighting some future directions and potential challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiaojing Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Rachele A. Lubeckyj
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Tian Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Qianjie Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Liangliang Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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3
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Wang L, Chen DDY. Analysis of four therapeutic monoclonal antibodies by online capillary isoelectric focusing directly coupled to quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:2899-2907. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Wang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | - David Da Yong Chen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
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4
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5
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A porous layer open-tubular capillary column with immobilized pH gradient (PLOT-IPG) for isoelectric focusing of amino acids and proteins. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1048:204-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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6
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7
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Wang L, Bo T, Zhang Z, Wang G, Tong W, Da Yong Chen D. High Resolution Capillary Isoelectric Focusing Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Peptides, Proteins, And Monoclonal Antibodies with a Flow-through Microvial Interface. Anal Chem 2018; 90:9495-9503. [PMID: 29993237 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China 210023
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Tao Bo
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 7th Floor, Building F, Tower West, Yonghe Plaza, No. 28 Andingmen Street East, Beijing, China 100007
| | - Zhengxiang Zhang
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 7th Floor, Building F, Tower West, Yonghe Plaza, No. 28 Andingmen Street East, Beijing, China 100007
| | - Guanbo Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China 210023
| | - Wenjun Tong
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China 210023
| | - David Da Yong Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China 210023
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
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8
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Kahle J, Wätzig H. Determination of protein charge variants with (imaged) capillary isoelectric focusing and capillary zone electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:2492-2511. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kahle
- Technische Universität Braunschweig; Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Braunschweig Germany
| | - Hermann Wätzig
- Technische Universität Braunschweig; Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Braunschweig Germany
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9
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Zhao B, Serrano MAC, Wang M, Liu T, Gordon MR, Thayumanavan S, Vachet RW. Improved mass spectrometric detection of acidic peptides by variations in the functional group pK a values of reverse micelle extraction agents. Analyst 2018; 143:1434-1443. [PMID: 29468243 PMCID: PMC5847484 DOI: 10.1039/c7an02094e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric reverse micelles can be used to selectively extract peptides from complex mixtures via a two-phase extraction approach. In previous work, we have shown that the charge polarity of the hydrophilic functional group that is in the interior of the reverse micelle dictates the extraction selectivity. To investigate how the extraction is influenced by the inherent pKa of the functional group, we designed and tested a series of polymeric reverse micelles with variations in the hydrophilic functional group. From this series of polymers, we find that the extraction capability of the reverse micelles in an apolar phase is directly related to the aqueous phase pKa of the interior functional group, suggesting that the functional groups maintain their inherent chemistry even in the confined environment of the reverse micelle interior. Because these functional groups maintain their inherent pKa in the reverse micelle interior, they provide predictable extraction selectivity upon changes in aqueous phase pH. We exploit this finding to demonstrate that sulfonate-containing polymers can be used to remove basic peptides from complex mixtures, thereby allowing the improved detection of acidic peptides. Using these new materials, we also demonstrate a new means of isoelectric point (pI) bracketing that allows the mass spectrometric detection of peptides with a defined and narrow range of pI values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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10
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Srivastava A, Singh S, Pandey A, Kumar D, Rajpurohit CS, Khanna VK, Pant AB. Secretome of Differentiated PC12 Cells Enhances Neuronal Differentiation in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Via NGF-Like Mechanism. Mol Neurobiol 2018. [PMID: 29527653 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0981-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The secretome-mediated responses over cellular physiology are well documented. Stem cells have been ruling the field of secretomics and its role in regenerative medicine since the past few years. However, the mechanistic aspects of secretome-mediated responses and the role of other cells in this area remain somewhat elusive. Here, we investigate the effects of secretome-enriched conditioned medium (CM) of neuronally differentiated PC12 cells on the neuronal differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The exposure to CM at a ratio of 1:1 (CM: conditioned medium of PC12 cells) led to neuronal induction in hMSCs. This neuronal induction was compared with a parallel group of cells exposed to nerve growth factor (NGF). There was a marked increase in neurite length and expression of neuronal markers (β-III tubulin, neurofilament-M (NF-M), synaptophysin, NeuN in exposed hMSCs). Experimental group co-exposed to NGF and CM showed an additive response via MAPK signaling and directed the cells particularly towards cholinergic lineage. The ability of CM to enhance the neuronal properties of stem cells could aid in their rapid differentiation into neuronal subtypes in case of stem cell transplantation for neuronal injuries, thus broadening the scope of non-stem cell-based applications in the area of secretomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Srivastava
- System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), MG Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, -226001, India
| | - S Singh
- System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), MG Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, -226001, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - A Pandey
- System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), MG Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, -226001, India
| | - D Kumar
- System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), MG Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, -226001, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - C S Rajpurohit
- System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), MG Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, -226001, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - V K Khanna
- System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), MG Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, -226001, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - A B Pant
- System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), MG Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, -226001, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India.
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11
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Liu Y, Wang W, Jia M, Liu R, Liu Q, Xiao H, Li J, Xue Y, Wang Y, Yan C. Recent advances in microscale separation. Electrophoresis 2017; 39:8-33. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Mengqi Jia
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Rangdong Liu
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Qing Liu
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Han Xiao
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Unimicro (shanghai) Technologies Co., Ltd.; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Yun Xue
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Chao Yan
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai P. R. China
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12
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Jiang Y, He MY, Zhang WJ, Luo P, Guo D, Fang X, Xu W. Recent advances of capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry instrumentation and methodology. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Zhang Q, Huang S, Luo H, Zhao X, Wu G, Wu D. Eight-plex iTRAQ labeling and quantitative proteomic analysis for human bladder cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:935-945. [PMID: 28469965 PMCID: PMC5411800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide, and increasing research has focused on new technologies for early detection of bladder cancer. For example, proteomic techniques for biomarker discovery have been implemented for the detection and analysis of protein changes in the tissues, blood, and urine from bladder cancer patients. In this present study, we evaluated the effectiveness of the eight-plex iTRAQ labeling and quantitative proteomic approaches for differentially analyzing proteins found in normal and bladder cancer tissues from individual patients. This study obtained 1627 identified and quantified proteins, and detected significant changes of expression in 35 proteins. In addition, both mass spectrometry and Western Blot results indicated that scaffold attachment factor B (SafB) and GTPase RAN binding protein 1 (RanBP1) were up-regulated in low-grade bladder cancer tissues. Overall, this study suggests that these two proteins are potential candidates as predictive and diagnostic biomarkers and that they may be potentially used as the therapeutic targets for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qimin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji UniversityShanghai 200065, China
| | - Shengsong Huang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji UniversityShanghai 200065, China
| | - Huarong Luo
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji UniversityShanghai 200065, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji UniversityShanghai 200065, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji UniversityShanghai 200065, China
| | - Denglong Wu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji UniversityShanghai 200065, China
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14
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Zhu G, Sun L, Dovichi NJ. Simplified capillary isoelectric focusing with chemical mobilization for intact protein analysis. J Sep Sci 2016; 40:948-953. [PMID: 27935257 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We report a capillary isoelectric focusing system based on a sequential injection method for simplified chemical mobilization. This system was coupled to an ion trap mass spectrometer with an electrokinetically pumped nanoelectrospray interface. The nanoelectrospray emitter employed an acidic sheath electrolyte. To simplify focusing and mobilization, a plug of ammonium hydroxide was first injected into the capillary, followed by a section of mixed sample and ampholyte. During focusing, the NH3 H2 O section worked as catholyte. As focusing progressed, the NH3 H2 O section was titrated to lower pH by the acidic sheath electrolyte. Chemical mobilization started automatically once the ammonium hydroxide was consumed by the acidic sheath flow electrolyte, which then acted as the mobilization solution. In this report, the lengths of the NH3 H2 O section and sample were optimized. With a 1 m long capillary, a relative short plug of the NH3 H2 O section (3 cm) produced both fast migration and reasonable separation resolution. The simplified capillary isoelectric focusing mass spectrometry system produced base peak intensity relative standard deviation of 8.5% and migration time relative standard deviation ≤0.6% for myoglobin and cytochrome C in triplicate runs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijie Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Liangliang Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Norman J Dovichi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
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15
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Zhang L, Dai Q, Qiao X, Yu C, Qin X, Yan H. Mixed-mode chromatographic stationary phases: Recent advancements and its applications for high-performance liquid chromatography. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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16
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Heemskerk AAM, Deelder AM, Mayboroda OA. CE-ESI-MS for bottom-up proteomics: Advances in separation, interfacing and applications. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2016; 35:259-271. [PMID: 24852088 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
With the development of more sensitive hyphenation strategies for capillary electrophoresis-electrospray-mass spectrometry the technique has reemerged as technique with high separation power combined with high sensitivity in the analysis of peptides and protein digests. This review will discuss the newly developed hyphenation strategies for CE-ESI-MS and their application in bottom-up proteomics as well as the applications in the same time span, 2009 to present, using co-axial sheathliquid. Subsequently all separate aspects in the development of a CE-ESI-MS method for bottom-up proteomics shall be discussed, highlighting certain applications and discussing pros and cons of the various choices. The separation of peptides in a capillary electrophoresis system is discussed including the great potential for modeling of this migration of peptides due to the simple electrophoretic separation process. Furthermore, the technical aspects of method development are discussed, namely; background electrolyte choice, coating of the separation capillary and chosen loading method. Finally, conclusions and an outlook on future developments in the field of bottom-up proteomics by CE-ESI-MS will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthonius A M Heemskerk
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300, RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - André M Deelder
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300, RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Oleg A Mayboroda
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300, RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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17
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Kašička V. Recent developments in capillary and microchip electroseparations of peptides (2013-middle 2015). Electrophoresis 2015; 37:162-88. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, v.v.i; The Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague Czech Republic
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18
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Mikkonen S, Thormann W, Emmer Å. Computer simulations of sample preconcentration in carrier-free systems and isoelectric focusing in microchannels using simple ampholytes. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:2386-95. [PMID: 26036978 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, electrophoretic preconcentration of protein and peptide samples in microchannels was studied theoretically using the 1D dynamic simulator GENTRANS, and experimentally combined with MS. In all configurations studied, the sample was uniformly distributed throughout the channel before power application, and driving electrodes were used as microchannel ends. In the first part, previously obtained experimental results from carrier-free systems are compared to simulation results, and the effects of atmospheric carbon dioxide and impurities in the sample solution are examined. Simulation provided insight into the dynamics of the transport of all components under the applied electric field and revealed the formation of a pure water zone in the channel center. In the second part, the use of an IEF procedure with simple well defined amphoteric carrier components, i.e. amino acids, for concentration and fractionation of peptides was investigated. By performing simulations a qualitative description of the analyte behavior in this system was obtained. Neurotensin and [Glu1]-Fibrinopeptide B were separated by IEF in microchannels featuring a liquid lid for simple sample handling and placement of the driving electrodes. Component distributions in the channel were detected using MALDI- and nano-ESI-MS and data were in agreement with those obtained by simulation. Dynamic simulations are demonstrated to represent an effective tool to investigate the electrophoretic behavior of all components in the microchannel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saara Mikkonen
- Department of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang Thormann
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Åsa Emmer
- Department of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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19
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Law HCH, Kong RPW, Szeto SSW, Zhao Y, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Li G, Quan Q, Lee SMY, Lam HC, Chu IK. A versatile reversed phase-strong cation exchange-reversed phase (RP–SCX–RP) multidimensional liquid chromatography platform for qualitative and quantitative shotgun proteomics. Analyst 2015; 140:1237-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an01893a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We developed a novel online MDLC platform that integrates a dual-trap configuration and two separation technologies into a single automated commercial platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry C. H. Law
- Department of Chemistry
- the University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- China
| | - Ricky P. W. Kong
- Department of Chemistry
- the University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- China
| | | | - Yun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry
- the University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- China
| | - Zaijun Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research
- Jinan University College of Pharmacy
- Guangzhou 510632
- China
| | - Yuqiang Wang
- Institute of New Drug Research
- Jinan University College of Pharmacy
- Guangzhou 510632
- China
| | - Guohui Li
- Department of Chemistry
- the University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- China
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences
| | - Quan Quan
- Department of Chemistry
- the University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- China
| | - Simon M. Y. Lee
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences
- University of Macau
- Macau
- China
| | - Herman C. Lam
- Department of Chemistry
- the University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- China
| | - Ivan K. Chu
- Department of Chemistry
- the University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- China
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20
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Yin X, Zhang Y, Liu X, Chen C, Lu H, Shen H, Yang P. Systematic comparison between SDS-PAGE/RPLC and high-/low-pH RPLC coupled tandem mass spectrometry strategies in a whole proteome analysis. Analyst 2015; 140:1314-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an02119c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Systematic comparison of two fractionation methods, which are SDS-PAGE in the protein level and high-pH RPLC in the peptide level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Yin
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Science Shanghai Medical School
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Science Shanghai Medical School
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Science Shanghai Medical School
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Science Shanghai Medical School
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Haojie Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Science Shanghai Medical School
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Huali Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Science Shanghai Medical School
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Pengyuan Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Science Shanghai Medical School
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200032
- China
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21
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Klepárník K. Recent advances in combination of capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry: Methodology and theory. Electrophoresis 2014; 36:159-78. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karel Klepárník
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno Czech Republic
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22
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Herzog C, Beckert E, Nagl S. Rapid Isoelectric Point Determination in a Miniaturized Preparative Separation Using Jet-Dispensed Optical pH Sensors and Micro Free-Flow Electrophoresis. Anal Chem 2014; 86:9533-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac501783r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christin Herzog
- Institut
für Analytische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstrasse
3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Erik Beckert
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Optik und Feinmechanik (IOF), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 7, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Nagl
- Institut
für Analytische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstrasse
3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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23
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Sun L, Zhu G, Mou S, Zhao Y, Champion MM, Dovichi NJ. Capillary zone electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry for quantitative parallel reaction monitoring of peptide abundance and single-shot proteomic analysis of a human cell line. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1359:303-8. [PMID: 25082526 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We coupled capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) with an ultrasensitive electrokinetically pumped nanospray ionization source for tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis of complex proteomes. We first used the system for the parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) analysis of angiotensin II spiked in 0.45mg/mL of bovine serum albumin (BSA) digest. A calibration curve was generated between the loading amount of angiotensin II and intensity of angiotensin II fragment ions. CZE-PRM generated a linear calibration curve across over 4.5 orders of magnitude dynamic range corresponding to angiotensin II loading amount from 2amole to 150fmole. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of migration time were <4% and the RSDs of fragment ion intensity were ∼20% or less except 150fmole angiotensin II loading amount data (∼36% RSD). We further applied the system for the first bottom up proteomic analysis of a human cell line using CZE-MS/MS. We generated 283 protein identifications from a 1h long, single-shot CZE MS/MS analysis of the MCF7 breast cancer cell line digest, corresponding to ∼80ng loading amount. The MCF7 digest was fractionated using a C18 solid phase extraction column; single-shot analysis of a single fraction resulted in 468 protein identifications, which is by far the largest number of protein identifications reported for a mammalian proteomic sample using CZE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Guijie Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Si Mou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Yimeng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Matthew M Champion
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Norman J Dovichi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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24
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Sun L, Zhu G, Yan X, Champion MM, Dovichi NJ. Capillary zone electrophoresis for analysis of complex proteomes using an electrokinetically pumped sheath flow nanospray interface. Proteomics 2014; 14:622-8. [PMID: 24277677 PMCID: PMC3947435 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201300295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The vast majority of proteomic studies employ RP-HPLC coupled with MS/MS for analysis of the tryptic digest of a cellular lysate. This technology is quite mature, and typically provides identification of hundreds to thousands of peptides, which is used to infer the identity of hundreds to thousands of proteins. These studies usually require milligrams to micrograms of starting material. CZE provides an interesting alternative separation method based on a different separation mechanism than HPLC. CE received some attention for protein analysis beginning 25 years ago. Those efforts stalled because of the limited performance of the electrospray interfaces and the limited speed and sensitivity of mass spectrometers of that era. This review considers a new electrospray interface design coupled with Orbitrap Velos and linear Q-trap mass spectrometers. CZE coupled with this interface and these detectors provides single shot detection of >1250 peptides from an Escherichia coli digest in less than 1 h, identification of nearly 5000 peptides from analysis of seven fractions produced by SPE of the E. coli digest in a 6 h total analysis time, low attomole detection limits for peptides generated from standard proteins, and high zeptomole detection limits for selected ion monitoring of peptides. Incorporation of an integrated on-line immobilized trypsin microreactor allows digestion and analysis of picogram amounts of a complex eukaryotic proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
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25
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Zhu G, Sun L, Yan X, Dovichi NJ. Stable, reproducible, and automated capillary zone electrophoresis-tandem mass spectrometry system with an electrokinetically pumped sheath-flow nanospray interface. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 810:94-8. [PMID: 24439510 PMCID: PMC3918410 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A PrinCE autosampler was coupled to a Q-Exactive mass spectrometer by an electrokinetically pumped sheath-flow nanospray interface to perform automated capillary zone electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (CZE-ESI-MS/MS). 20ng aliquots of an Escherichia coli digest were injected to evaluate the system. Eight sequential injections over an 8-h period identified 1115±70 (relative standard deviation, RSD=6%) peptides and 270±8 (RSD=3%) proteins per run. The average RSDs of migration time, peak intensity, and peak area were 3%, 24% and 19%, respectively, for 340 peptides with high intensity. This is the first report of an automated CZE-ESI-MS/MS system using the electrokinetically pumped sheath-flow nanospray interface. The results demonstrate that this system is capable of reproducibly identifying over 1000 peptides from an E. coli tryptic digest in a 1-h analysis time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijie Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Liangliang Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Xiaojing Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Norman J Dovichi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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