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Yan J, Xu J, Weng LT, Wang F, Wang X, Yuan H, Wang T, Tsui OKC. Glass Transition of the Surface Monolayer of Polystyrene Films with Different Film Thicknesses and Supporting Surfaces. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Yan
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, 999077Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianquan Xu
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, 999077Hong Kong, China
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou310018, China
| | - Lu-Tao Weng
- Materials Characterization and Preparation Facility (GZ), Advanced Materials Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou511400, Guangdong, China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, 999077Hong Kong, China
| | - Fengliang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou310018, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou310018, China
| | - Hailin Yuan
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, 999077Hong Kong, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, 999077Hong Kong, China
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois60208-3120, United States
| | - Ophelia K. C. Tsui
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, 999077Hong Kong, China
- William Mong Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, 999077Hong Kong, China
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Delcorte A, Delmez V, Dupont-Gillain C, Lauzin C, Jefford H, Chundak M, Poleunis C, Moshkunov K. Large cluster ions: soft local probes and tools for organic and bio surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:17427-17447. [PMID: 32568320 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02398a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Ionised cluster beams have been produced and employed for thin film deposition and surface processing for half a century. In the last two decades, kiloelectronvolt cluster ions have also proved to be outstanding for surface characterisation by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), because their sputter and ion yields are enhanced in a non-linear fashion with respect to monoatomic projectiles, with a resulting step change of sensitivity for analysis and imaging. In particular, large gas cluster ion beams, or GCIB, have now become a reference in organic surface and thin film analysis using SIMS and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The reason is that they induce soft molecular desorption and offer the opportunity to conduct damageless depth-profiling and 3D molecular imaging of the most sensitive organic electronics and biological samples, with a nanoscale depth resolution. In line with these recent developments, the present review focuses on rather weakly-bound, light-element cluster ions, such as noble or other gas clusters, and water or alcohol nanodroplets (excluding clusters made of metals, inorganic salts or ionic liquids) and their interaction with surfaces (essentially, but not exclusively, organic). The scope of this article encompasses three aspects. The first one is the fundamentals of large cluster impacts with surfaces, using the wealth of information provided by molecular dynamics simulations and experimental observations. The second focus is on recent applications of large cluster ion beams in surface characterisation, including mass spectrometric analysis and 2D localisation of large molecules, molecular depth-profiling and 3D molecular imaging. Finally, the perspective explores cutting edge developments, involving (i) new types of clusters with a chemistry designed to enhance performance for mass spectrometry imaging, (ii) the use of cluster fragment ion backscattering to locally retrieve physical surface properties and (iii) the fabrication of new biosurface and thin film architectures, where large cluster ion beams are used as tools to transfer biomolecules in vacuo from a target reservoir to any collector substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Delcorte
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanoscience, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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Xie W, Weng LT, Yeung KL, Chan CM. Segregation of dioctyl phthalate to the surface of polystyrene films characterized by ToF-SIMS and XPS. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Xie
- Division of Environment and Sustainability; Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Hong Kong
| | - Lu-Tao Weng
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Hong Kong
- Materials Characterization and Preparation Facility; Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Hong Kong
| | - King Lun Yeung
- Division of Environment and Sustainability; Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Hong Kong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Hong Kong
| | - Chi-Ming Chan
- Division of Environment and Sustainability; Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Hong Kong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Hong Kong
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4
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Poleunis C, Cristaudo V, Delcorte A. Temperature Dependence of Ar n+ Cluster Backscattering from Polymer Surfaces: a New Method to Determine the Surface Glass Transition Temperature. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 29:4-7. [PMID: 29181811 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1840-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) was used to study the intensity variations of the backscattered Arn+ clusters as a function of temperature for several amorphous polymer surfaces (polyolefins, polystyrene, and polymethyl methacrylate). For all these investigated polymers, our results show a transition of the ratio Ar2+/(Ar2+ + Ar3+) when the temperature is scanned from -120 °C to +125 °C (the exact limits depend on the studied polymer). This transition generally spans over a few tens of degrees and the temperature of the inflection point of each curve is always lower than the bulk glass transition temperature (Tg) reported for the considered polymer. Due to the surface sensitivity of the cluster backscattering process (several nanometers), the presented analysis could provide a new method to specifically evaluate a surface transition temperature of polymers, with the same lateral resolution as the gas cluster beam. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Poleunis
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Surface Characterisation Platform (SUCH), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Place Louis Pasteur 1, box L4.01.10, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Vanina Cristaudo
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Surface Characterisation Platform (SUCH), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Place Louis Pasteur 1, box L4.01.10, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Delcorte
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Surface Characterisation Platform (SUCH), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Place Louis Pasteur 1, box L4.01.10, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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5
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Nassar SF, Domenek S, Guinault A, Stoclet G, Delpouve N, Sollogoub C. Structural and Dynamic Heterogeneity in the Amorphous Phase of Poly(l,l-lactide) Confined at the Nanoscale by the Coextrusion Process. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samira Fernandes Nassar
- UMR
Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, AgroParisTech,
INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 avenue des Olympiades, F-91300 Massy, France
| | - Sandra Domenek
- UMR
Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, AgroParisTech,
INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 avenue des Olympiades, F-91300 Massy, France
| | - Alain Guinault
- PIMM,
UMR 8006, ENSAM, CNRS, CNAM, 151 bd de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Gregory Stoclet
- UMR
CNRS 8207, Unité; Matériaux et Transformations, Université;
Lille1 Sciences et Technologies, Bâtiment C6, Université de Lille Nord de France, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Nicolas Delpouve
- UNIROUEN
Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, GPM, Normandie Université, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Cyrille Sollogoub
- PIMM,
UMR 8006, ENSAM, CNRS, CNAM, 151 bd de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
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Ng KM, Lau YTR, Weng LT, Yeung KL, Chan CM. ToF-SIMS and computation analysis: Fragmentation mechanisms of polystyrene, polystyrene-d5, and polypentafluorostyrene. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Mo Ng
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Hong Kong
- Advanced Engineering Materials Facility; Hong Kong
| | - Yiu-Ting R. Lau
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Hong Kong
| | - Lu-Tao Weng
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Hong Kong
- Materials Characterization and Preparation Facility; Hong Kong
| | - King-Lun Yeung
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Hong Kong
- Division of Environment; Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Hong Kong
| | - Chi-Ming Chan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Hong Kong
- Division of Environment; Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Hong Kong
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7
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Fu Y, Lau YTR, Weng LT, Ng KM, Chan CM. Transition temperature of poly(methyl methacrylate) determined by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and contact angle measurements. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017. [PMID: 28623701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.05.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The surface chain conformations of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) at different temperatures were extensively studied by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). Similar to our previous experimental studies on polystyrene (PS) and poly(2, 3, 4, 5, 6-pentafluorostyrene) (5FPS), a transition temperature (TT) could be identified through the principal component analysis (PCA) of the ToF-SIMS spectra obtained from the PMMA samples annealed at different temperatures. Interestingly, our results show that the TT depended on molecular weight and was about 50-60˚C below the bulk glass transition temperature (Tg) and therefore could possibly be related to the surface glass transition temperature (TgS). These results were confirmed by contact angle measurements. ToF-SIMS results showed higher peak intensities of several low-mass oxygen-containing positive ions, hydrocarbon positive ions and OCH3- negative ion at higher temperatures, which can be interpreted by a higher surface concentration of methoxy groups at the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yiu-Ting R Lau
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Lu-Tao Weng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Materials Characterization and Preparation Facility, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Kai-Mo Ng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Advanced Engineering Materials Facility, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Chi-Ming Chan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Division of Environment, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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An R, Huang L, Mineart KP, Dong Y, Spontak RJ, Gubbins KE. Adhesion and friction in polymer films on solid substrates: conformal sites analysis and corresponding surface measurements. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:3492-3505. [PMID: 28422244 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm00261k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present a statistical mechanical analysis to elucidate the molecular-level factors responsible for the static and dynamic properties of polymer films. This analysis, which we term conformal sites theory, establishes that three dimensionless parameters play important roles in determining differences from bulk behavior for thin polymer films near to surfaces: a microscopic wetting parameter, αwx, defined as the ratio of polymer-substrate interaction to polymer-polymer interaction; a dimensionless film thickness, H*; and dimensionless temperature, T*. The parameter αwx introduced here provides a more fundamental measure of wetting than previous metrics, since it is defined in terms of intermolecular forces and the atomic structure of the substrate, and so is valid at the nanoscale for gas, liquid or solid films. To test this theoretical analysis, we also report atomic force microscopy measurements of the friction coefficient (μ), adhesion force (FA) and glass transition temperature (Tg) for thin films of two polymers, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polystyrene (PS), on two planar substrates, graphite and silica. Both the friction coefficient and the glass transition temperature are found to increase as the film thickness decreases, and this increase is more pronounced for the graphite than for the silica surface. The adhesion force is also greater for the graphite surface. The larger effects encountered for the graphite surface are attributed to the fact that the microscopic wetting parameter, αwx, is larger for graphite than for silica, indicating stronger attraction of polymer chains to the graphite surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong An
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Liangliang Huang
- School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Kenneth P Mineart
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Yihui Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Richard J Spontak
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Keith E Gubbins
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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9
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Fu Y, Lau YTR, Weng LT, Ng KM, Chan CM. Detection of surface mobility of poly (2, 3, 4, 5, 6-pentafluorostyrene) films by in situ variable-temperature ToF-SIMS and contact angle measurements. J Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 431:180-6. [PMID: 24999012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Poly (2, 3, 4, 5, 6-pentafluorostyrene) (5FPS) was prepared by bulk radical polymerization. The spin-cast films of this polymer were analyzed using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) at various temperatures ranging from room temperature to 120°C. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the ToF-SIMS data revealed a transition temperature (T(T)) at which the surface structure of 5FPS was rearranged. A comparison between the results of the PCA of ToF-SIMS spectra obtained on 5FPS and polystyrene (PS) indicate that the pendant groups of 5FPS and PS moved in exactly opposite directions as the temperature increased. More pendant groups of 5FPS and PS migrated from the bulk to the surface and verse versa, respectively, as the temperature increased. These results clearly support the view that the abrupt changes in the normalized principal component 1 value was caused by the surface reorientation of the polymers and not by a change in the ion fragmentation mechanism at temperatures above the T(T). Contact angle measurement, which is another extremely surface sensitive technique, was used to monitor the change in the surface tension as a function of temperature. A clear T(T) was determined by the contact angle measurements. The T(T) values determined by contact angle measurements and ToF-SIMS were very similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Yiu-Ting R Lau
- Nano and Advanced Materials Institute, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Lu-Tao Weng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong; Materials Characterization and Preparation Facility, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Kai-Mo Ng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong; Advanced Engineering Materials Facility, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Chi-Ming Chan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong; Division of Environment, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong.
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