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Maťaš E, Petrík M, Sabo M, Matejčík Š. Laser Desorption of Explosives from the Surface of Different Real-World Materials Studied Using C 2Cl 6-Dopant-Assisted Ion Mobility Spectrometry. Molecules 2024; 29:4482. [PMID: 39339477 PMCID: PMC11433934 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29184482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Revised: 09/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
A highly efficient and sensitive ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) system with laser desorption sampling was applied for rapid explosive detection using different surface materials. This portable IMS detector, powered by a battery, offers mobility and is suitable for use in the field or combat zones. The laser desorption (LD) sampling of common explosives (Trinitrotoluene-TNT; Dinitrotoluenes-DNTs; Hexogene-RDX; pentaerythritol tetranitrate-PETN; plastic explosives-Compound 4 (C-4) and Semtex) on a wide range of common surface materials, such as metal, ceramic, plastic, glass, drywall, paper, wood, and textiles, was studied. Successful detection was achieved on nearly all surfaces except flammable materials (paper, wood, and textiles). The limit of detection (LOD) was determined for each explosive and specific surface, demonstrating an impressive LOD of 7 ng/mm2 for TNT. RDX, C-4, PETN, and Semtex achieved LOD values of 15 ng/mm2, while DNTs showed an LOD of approximately 50 ng/mm2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Maťaš
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Matej Petrík
- Faculty of Informatics and Information Technologies, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 842 16 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Sabo
- Faculty of Informatics and Information Technologies, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 842 16 Bratislava, Slovakia
- MaSa Tech s.r.o., Sadová 3018/10, 916 01 Stará Turá, Slovakia
| | - Štefan Matejčík
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia
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2
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Rowell CER, Kaur J, Zhang Y, Alzarieni KZ, Anyaeche RO, Ma HM, Little AM, Sharma T, Nussbaum MD, Hershberger DA, Lee YJ, Blagojevic V, Neill JL, Kenttämaa HI. Application of Laser-Induced Acoustic Desorption for Molecular Rotational Resonance Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2024; 96:6255-6263. [PMID: 38588398 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Molecular Rotational Resonance (MRR) spectroscopy is a uniquely precise tool for the determination of molecular structures of volatile compounds in mixtures, as the characteristic rotational transition frequencies of a molecule are extremely sensitive to its 3D structure through the moments of inertia in a three-dimensional coordinate system. This enables identification of the compounds based on just a few parameters that can be calculated, as opposed to, for example, mass spectrometric data, which often require expert analysis of 10-20 different signals and the use of many standards/model compounds. This paper introduces a new sampling technique for MRR, laser-induced acoustic desorption (LIAD), to allow the vaporization of nonvolatile and thermally labile analytes without the need for excessive heating or derivatization. In this proof-of-concept study, LIAD was successfully coupled to an MRR instrument to conduct measurements on seven compounds with differing polarities, molecular weights, and melting and boiling points. Identification of three isomers in a mixture was also successfully performed using LIAD/MRR. Based on these results, LIAD/MRR is demonstrated to provide a powerful approach for the identification of nonvolatile and/or thermally labile analytes with molecular weights up to 600 Da in simple mixtures, which does not require the use of reference compounds. In the future, applications to more complex mixtures, such as those relevant to pharmaceutical research, and quantitative aspects of LIAD/MRR will be reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E R Rowell
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47904, United States
| | - Jaskiran Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47904, United States
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47904, United States
| | - Kawthar Z Alzarieni
- Jordan University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Ruth O Anyaeche
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47904, United States
| | - Hendrik M Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47904, United States
| | - Annika M Little
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47904, United States
| | - Tanya Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47904, United States
| | - Matthan D Nussbaum
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47904, United States
| | - Drake A Hershberger
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47904, United States
| | - Ying-Jou Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47904, United States
| | | | - Justin L Neill
- BrightSpec Inc., Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - Hilkka I Kenttämaa
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47904, United States
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3
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Shi L, Habib A, Bi L, Hong H, Begum R, Wen L. Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometry: Application and Prospective. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 54:1584-1633. [PMID: 36206159 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2124840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) is a formidable analytical tool for the analysis of non-polar to polar compounds individually and/or from mixtures, providing information on the molecular weights and chemical structures of the analytes. During the last more than one-decade, ambient ionization mass spectrometry (AIMS) has developed quickly, producing a wide range of platforms and proving scientific improvements in a variety of domains, from biological imaging to quick quality control. These methods have made it possible to detect target analytes in real time without sample preparation in an open environment, and they can be connected to any MS system with an atmospheric pressure interface. They also have the ability to analyze explosives, illicit drugs, disease diagnostics, drugs in biological samples, adulterants in food and agricultural products, reaction progress, and environmental monitoring. The development of novel ambient ionization techniques, such as probe electrospray ionization, paper spray ionization, and fiber spray ionization, employed even at picolitre to femtolitre solution levels to provide femtogram to attogram levels of the target analytes. The special characteristic of this ambient ion source, which has been extensively used, is the noninvasive property of PESI of examination of biological real samples. The results in the current review supports the idea that AIMS has emerged as a pioneer in MS-based approaches and that methods will continue to be developed along with improvements to existing ones in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Shi
- Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- China Innovation Instrument Co., Ltd, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ahsan Habib
- China Innovation Instrument Co., Ltd, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Lei Bi
- China Innovation Instrument Co., Ltd, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huanhuan Hong
- China Innovation Instrument Co., Ltd, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rockshana Begum
- Department of Chemistry, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Luhong Wen
- China Innovation Instrument Co., Ltd, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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Dubrovskii SA, Balabaev NK. Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the Behavior of Protonated Poly(ethylene oxide)s in Drift Tube Experiments. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x22700201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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5
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Reinecke T, Kenyon S, Gendreau K, Clowers BH. Characterization of a Modulated X-ray Source for Ion Mobility Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2022; 94:12008-12015. [PMID: 36001409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As a highly deployed field instrument for the detection of narcotics, explosives, and chemical warfare agents, drift tube ion mobility spectrometry relies heavily upon the performance of the ionization source and mechanism of ion beam modulation. For this instrumental platform, ion chemistry plays a critical role in the performance of the instrument from a sensitivity and selectivity perspective; however, a range of instrumental components also occupy pivotal roles. Most notably, the mechanism of ion modulation or ion gating is a primary contributor to peak width in a drift tube ion mobility experiment. Unfortunately, physical ion gates rarely perform perfectly, and in addition to serving as physical impediments to ion transmission, their modulation also has undesirable field effects. Using a recently developed modulated, non-radioactive X-ray source, we detail the performance of an ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) system that is free of a gating structure and utilizes the pulsed nature of the modulated X-ray source (MXS) for both ion generation and initiation of the IMS experiment. After investigating the influence of pulse duration and spatial X-ray beam width on the analytical performance of the instrument, the possibility of using multiplexing with a shutterless system is explored. By increasing ion throughput, the observed multiplexing gain compared to a signal-averaged spectrum approaches the theoretical maximum and illustrates the capability of the MXS-IMS system to realize significant signal to noise improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Reinecke
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Steven Kenyon
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, United States
| | - Keith Gendreau
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Brian H Clowers
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
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Tabrizchi M, Maki Abadi E, Parchami R, Fadaei E. Dynamic Response of Ion Mobility Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:1148-1160. [PMID: 35673931 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ion mobility spectrometers (IMS) are widely used in the security industry as well as in analytical measurements. Nevertheless, the IMS input is dynamic in nature because the sampling input can vary over time. Similar to most instruments, IMS is unable to respond immediately to variations in the input sample. Therefore, the measurements are made under transient conditions, which may affect the results. This work investigates the dynamic response of an IMS to different inputs, including steps, pulsed, exponential, and Gaussian functions. A theoretical model was developed based on two phenomena: the accumulation or dilution of a sample in the ionization region and the adsorption or desorption inside the injection port. Both processes have a charging/discharging nature. Thus, a mathematical expression was derived that takes into account two RC circuits in series. Fitting the output signal of the experimental data to the expression obtained from the model gave reasonable time constants of 2-4 s and 15-20 s for the dilution and the desorption processes, respectively. The model performance was evaluated by comparing the output with the experimental results, which were in excellent correlation. IMS was also found to behave in a manner similar to a second-order instrument, in which the output is related to the input via a second-order differential equation. These results are applicable to GC-IMS and IMS-based detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Tabrizchi
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Elaheh Maki Abadi
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Razieh Parchami
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Elham Fadaei
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
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7
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Chen H, Li C, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Xu G. Determination of trace organic chlorides in hydrogen for fuel cell vehicles by GC coupled with ion mobility spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:2603-2611. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Chen
- Research Institute of Petroleum Processing SINOPEC Beijing 100083 China
| | - Changxiu Li
- Research Institute of Petroleum Processing SINOPEC Beijing 100083 China
| | - Yamin Wang
- Research Institute of Petroleum Processing SINOPEC Beijing 100083 China
| | - Yiwei Zhang
- Research Institute of Petroleum Processing SINOPEC Beijing 100083 China
| | - Guangtong Xu
- Research Institute of Petroleum Processing SINOPEC Beijing 100083 China
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8
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Khojasteh FT, Bazmandegan-Shamili A. Preparation of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes for selective dispersive micro-solid phase extraction of fenitrothion followed by ion mobility spectrometry analysis. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:1590-1599. [PMID: 35191593 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A novel molecularly imprinted polymer based on magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes was fabricated and applied for selective dispersive micro-solid phase extraction of fenitrothion prior its determination by ion mobility spectrometry. The composite was synthesized using magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes as the support. Methacrylic acid was used as the functional monomer, fenitrothion as the template, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the cross-linker and 2,2-azoisobutyronitrile as the initiator. The resultant polymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmet-Teller analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and vibrating sample magnetometer techniques. Experimental factors affecting the extraction efficiency such as pH and amount of sorbent were evaluated. Under optimum experimental conditions, the developed method displayed the linear range of 5-220 μg L-1 with a detection limit (LOD) of 1.3 μg L-1 . The intra and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSD%) for determination of fenitrothion were 3.6 and 4.7% (n = 6), respectively. Ultimately, the proposed method was used to monitoring of trace amounts of fenitrothion in fruit,vegetable and water samples. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Tousi Khojasteh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
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9
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Dubrovskii SA, Balabaev NK. Simulation of the Drift of a Macromolecular Ion in a Gas under the Action of an Electric Field. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x21060031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Ding X, Liu K, Shi Z. LASER DESORPTION/ABLATION POSTIONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY: RECENT PROGRESS IN BIOANALYTICAL APPLICATIONS. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2021; 40:566-605. [PMID: 32770707 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lasers have long been used in the field of mass spectrometric analysis for characterization of condensed matter. However, emission of neutrals upon laser irradiation surpasses the number of ions. Typically, only one in about one million analytes ejected by laser desorption/ablation is ionized, which has fueled the quest for postionization methods enabling ionization of desorbed neutrals to enhance mass spectrometric detection schemes. The development of postionization techniques can be an endeavor that integrates multiple disciplines involving photon energy transfer, electrochemistry, gas discharge, etc. The combination of lasers of different parameters and diverse ion sources has made laser desorption/ablation postionization (LD/API) a growing and lively research community, including two-step laser mass spectrometry, laser ablation atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry, and those coupled to ambient mass spectrometry. These hyphenated techniques have shown potentials in bioanalytical applications, with major inroads to be made in simultaneous location and quantification of pharmaceuticals, toxins, and metabolites in complex biomatrixes. This review is intended to provide a timely comprehensive view of the broadening bioanalytical applications of disparate LD/API techniques. We also have attempted to discuss these applications according to the classifications based on the postionization methods and to encapsulate the latest achievements in the field of LD/API by highlighting some of the very best reports in the 21st century. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelu Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Zhenyan Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
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11
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Yu J, Chen Y, Zhang J, Chen S, Wang Q, Qin Z, Tang Z. Development of a miniature time-of-flight mass spectrometer coupled with an improved substrate-enhanced laser-induced acoustic desorption source (SE-LIAD/TOF-MS). Analyst 2021; 146:4365-4373. [PMID: 34128507 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00696g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A novel, compact and sensitive SE-LIAD/TOF-MS has been described. It facilitates fast sample preparation, and a full mass spectrum is acquired efficiently and sensitively. More importantly, it features the detection of non-acidic and non-basic or non-polar species, which is not suitable for determination by ESI and MALDI techniques. In this technique, standard samples, carbazole and melamine, are prepared on a Ti foil with a quartz plate attached to the backside of the Ti foil to perform a laser-induced acoustic desorption experiment (SE-LIAD) coupled to TOF-MS for analysis. Enhanced signals are observed with about 5.6 to 13.8 times higher than that obtained in the standard LIAD method, dependent on different ionization techniques. Compared to the EI spectra, the PI spectra for both species show intact and sharp molecular peaks. The limits of detection (LOD) of melamine were evaluated experimentally in the range from ∼2-6 pg (EI/MS mode) to ∼0.3-0.5 ng (VUV-SPI/MS mode). Thus, the method in this study exhibits rapid qualitative and quantitative analysis with good sensitivity, being free of the complex matrix influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxiong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Yuwan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Jiangle Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Shanjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Qiaolin Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology, School of Physics and electronic information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China. and Key Laboratory of High Power Laser and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Zhengbo Qin
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology, School of Physics and electronic information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China.
| | - Zichao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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Chen C, Tabrizchi M, Li H. Ion gating in ion mobility spectrometry: Principles and advances. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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13
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Sun T, Ali MM, Wang D, Du Z. On-site rapid screening of benzodiazepines in dietary supplements using pipette-tip micro-solid phase extraction coupled to ion mobility spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1610:460547. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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14
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Chen C, Jiang D, Li H. UV photoionization ion mobility spectrometry: Fundamentals and applications. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1077:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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15
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Mussel-inspired immobilization of silver nanoparticles toward sponge for rapid swabbing extraction and SERS detection of trace inorganic explosives. Talanta 2019; 204:189-197. [PMID: 31357281 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.05.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is fairly crucial to detect inorganic explosives through a sensitive and fast method in the field of public safety, nevertheless, the high non-volatility and stability characteristics severely confine their accurate on-site detection from a real-world surface. In this work, an efficient, simple and cost effective method was developed to fabricate uniform silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) immobilized on polyurethane (PU) sponge through the in-situ reduction of polydopamine (PDA) based on mussel-inspired surface chemistry, in virtue of a large quantities catechol and amine functional groups. The formed PU@PDA@Ag sponges exhibited high SERS sensitivity, uniformity and reproducibility to 4-Aminothiophenol (4-ATP) probe molecule, and the limit of detection was calculated to be about 0.02 nmol L-1. Moreover, these PU@PDA@Ag sponges could be served as excellent flexible SERS substrates to rapidly detect trace inorganic explosives with high collection efficiency via swabbing extraction. The detection limit for perchlorates (ClO4-), chlorates (ClO3-) and nitrates (NO3-) were approximately down to 0.13, 0.13 and 0.11 ng respectively. These flexible substrates not only could drastically increase the sample collection efficiency, but also enhance analytical sensitivity and reliability for inorganic explosive, and would have a great potential application in the future homeland security fields.
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Forbes TP, Staymates M, Sisco E. Broad spectrum infrared thermal desorption of wipe-based explosive and narcotic samples for trace mass spectrometric detection. Analyst 2018; 142:3002-3010. [PMID: 28744547 DOI: 10.1039/c7an00721c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Wipe collected analytes were thermally desorbed using broad spectrum near infrared heating for mass spectrometric detection. Employing a twin tube filament-based infrared emitter, rapid and efficiently powered thermal desorption and detection of nanogram levels of explosives and narcotics was demonstrated. The infrared thermal desorption (IRTD) platform developed here used multi-mode heating (direct radiation and secondary conduction from substrate and subsequent convection from air) and a temperature ramp to efficiently desorb analytes with vapor pressures across eight orders of magnitude. The wipe substrate experienced heating rates up to (85 ± 2) °C s-1 with a time constant of (3.9 ± 0.2) s for 100% power emission. The detection of trace analytes was also demonstrated from complex mixtures, including plastic-bonded explosives and exogenous narcotics, explosives, and metabolites from collected artificial latent fingerprints. Manipulation of the emission power and duration directly controlled the heating rate and maximum temperature, enabling differential thermal desorption and a level of upstream separation for enhanced specificity. Transitioning from 100% power and 5 s emission duration to 25% power and 30 s emission enabled an order of magnitude increase in the temporal separation (single seconds to tens of seconds) of the desorption of volatile and semi-volatile species within a collected fingerprint. This mode of operation reduced local gas-phase concentrations, reducing matrix effects experienced with high concentration mixtures. IRTD provides a unique platform for the desorption of trace analytes from wipe collections, an area of importance to the security sector, transportation agencies, and customs and border protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Forbes
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Materials Measurement Science Division, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
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17
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Liedtke S, Seifert L, Ahlmann N, Hariharan C, Franzke J, Vautz W. Coupling laser desorption with gas chromatography and ion mobility spectrometry for improved olive oil characterisation. Food Chem 2018; 255:323-331. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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18
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Ambient Pressure Laser Desorption—Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Fast and Reliable Detection of Explosives, Drugs, and Their Precursors. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8060933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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19
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Forbes TP, Sisco E, Staymates M. Detection of Nonvolatile Inorganic Oxidizer-Based Explosives from Wipe Collections by Infrared Thermal Desorption-Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2018; 90:6419-6425. [PMID: 29701987 PMCID: PMC6102708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Infrared thermal desorption (IRTD) was coupled with direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) for the detection of both inorganic and organic explosives from wipe collected samples. This platform generated discrete and rapid heating rates that allowed volatile and semivolatile organic explosives to thermally desorb at relatively lower temperatures, while still achieving elevated temperatures required to desorb nonvolatile inorganic oxidizer-based explosives. IRTD-DART-MS demonstrated the thermal desorption and detection of refractory potassium chlorate and potassium perchlorate oxidizers, compounds difficult to desorb with traditional moderate-temperature resistance-based thermal desorbers. Nanogram to sub-nanogram sensitivities were established for analysis of a range of organic and inorganic oxidizer-based explosive compounds, with further enhancement limited by the thermal properties of the most common commercial wipe materials. Detailed investigations and high-speed visualization revealed conduction from the heated glass-mica base plate as the dominant process for heating of the wipe and analyte materials, resulting in thermal desorption through boiling, aerosolization, and vaporization of samples. The thermal desorption and ionization characteristics of the IRTD-DART technique resulted in optimal sensitivity for the formation of nitrate adducts with both organic and inorganic species. The IRTD-DART-MS coupling and IRTD in general offer promising explosive detection capabilities to the defense, security, and law enforcement arenas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P. Forbes
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Materials Measurement Science Division, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Edward Sisco
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Materials Measurement Science Division, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Matthew Staymates
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Materials Measurement Science Division, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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Abstract
Ambient mass spectrometry has evolved rapidly over the past decade, yielding a plethora of platforms and demonstrating scientific advancements across a range of fields from biological imaging to rapid quality control. These techniques have enabled real-time detection of target analytes in an open environment with no sample preparation and can be coupled to any mass analyzer with an atmospheric pressure interface; capabilities of clear interest to the defense, customs and border control, transportation security, and forensic science communities. This review aims to showcase and critically discuss advances in ambient mass spectrometry for the trace detection of explosives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Forbes
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Materials Measurement Science Division, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
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21
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Kovalev IS, Taniya OS, Kopchuk DS, Giri K, Mukherjee A, Santra S, Majee A, Rahman M, Zyryanov GV, Bakulev VA, Chupakhin ON. 1-Hydroxypyrene-based micelle-forming sensors for the visual detection of RDX/TNG/PETN-based bomb plots in water. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj03807d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
New micelle-forming fluorescence molecular sensors are reported based on 1-hydroxypyrene designed exclusively for the detection of nitro-aliphatic explosives/taggants.
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22
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Akmalov AE, Chistyakov AA, Kotkovskii GE. Laser-stimulated desorption of organic molecules from surfaces, as a method of increasing the efficiency of ion mobility spectrometry analysis. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2017; 23:174-180. [PMID: 29028396 DOI: 10.1177/1469066717714417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Application of laser-induced desorption was investigated as a method of increasing the efficiency of gas phase analyzers on principles of field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry. Mass spectrometric data of investigations of laser desorption of pentaerythritoltetranitrate molecules and cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine molecules from quartz substrate under vacuum were obtained. Laser sources a Nd3+:YAG with nanosecond pulse duration (λ = 532 nm) and a continuous wave diode laser (λ = 440 nm) were used. It was shown that both laser sources have different desorption abilities. This is expressed in various time of appearance of desorbed products that is caused by different heating mechanisms of surface layer. The desorbed quantity under action of both laser sources exceeds the detection threshold for all modern gas phase analyzers. It should be noted that despite the presence of surface dissociation of explosives under laser radiation, the quantity of nondissociated molecules is large enough for detection by ion mobility and field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometers. The optimal parameters of laser radiation for effective removal (evaporation) molecules of low-volatile compounds from surfaces are defined. The conclusion about preferable use of a Nd3+:YAG laser for increasing the detection ability of detectors based on ion mobility spectrometry was made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem E Akmalov
- National Research Nuclear University, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander A Chistyakov
- National Research Nuclear University, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Gennadii E Kotkovskii
- National Research Nuclear University, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation
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23
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Guo L, Yang Z, Dou X. Artificial Olfactory System for Trace Identification of Explosive Vapors Realized by Optoelectronic Schottky Sensing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1604528. [PMID: 27885730 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201604528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A rapid, ultrasensitive artificial olfactory system based on an individual optoelectronic Schottky junction is demonstrated for the discriminative detection of explosive vapors, including military explosives and improvised explosives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjuan Guo
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xincun Dou
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
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24
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Zhao Q, Liu J, Wang B, Zhang X, Huang G, Xu W. Rapid screening of explosives in ambient environment by aerodynamic assisted thermo desorption mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2017; 52:1-6. [PMID: 27737506 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Rapid, direct, and trace detection of explosives in an open environment is of particular need in homeland and/or transportation security. In this work, an aerodynamic assisted thermo desorption mass spectrometry method was developed for the direct quantitative analyses of explosives from a distance. Remote non-volatile explosive sensing was achieved for 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene, trinitrohexahydro-1, 3, 5-triazine, 8701 (main ingredient: RDX 98.5%), and C4 (a type of plastic explosive) with a distance of 0.65 m. Furthermore, a close to 324 cm2 effective sampling area could be achieved, and the limits of detection are in the ng range. This device can be deployed in airports and subway stations for high-throughput and automatic luggage/personnel screening of prohibited articles, such as explosives and illicit drugs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jianli Liu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Anyeep Instrumentation Company, Suzhou, 215129, China
| | - Guangyan Huang
- State Key Laboratory Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Convergence Medical Engineering System and Healthcare Technology, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
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25
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Khasanov AF, Kopchuk DS, Kovalev IS, Taniya OS, Giri K, Slepukhin PA, Santra S, Rahman M, Majee A, Charushin VN, Chupakhin ON. Extended cavity pyrene-based iptycenes for the turn-off fluorescence detection of RDX and common nitroaromatic explosives. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj02956f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Extended cavity pyrene-based iptycenes were synthesized for the turn-off fluorescence detection of RDX and common nitro-aromatic explosives.
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26
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Deng L, Ibrahim YM, Hamid AM, Garimella SVB, Webb IK, Zheng X, Prost SA, Sandoval JA, Norheim RV, Anderson GA, Tolmachev AV, Baker ES, Smith RD. Ultra-High Resolution Ion Mobility Separations Utilizing Traveling Waves in a 13 m Serpentine Path Length Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations Module. Anal Chem 2016; 88:8957-64. [PMID: 27531027 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the development and initial evaluation of a 13 m path length Structures for Lossless Manipulations (SLIM) module for achieving high resolution separations using traveling waves (TW) with ion mobility (IM) spectrometry. The TW SLIM module was fabricated using two mirror-image printed circuit boards with appropriately configured RF, DC, and TW electrodes and positioned with a 2.75 mm intersurface gap. Ions were effectively confined in field-generated conduits between the surfaces by RF-generated pseudopotential fields and moved losslessly through a serpentine path including 44 "U" turns using TWs. The ion mobility resolution was characterized at different pressures, gaps between the SLIM surfaces, and TW and RF parameters. After initial optimization, the SLIM IM-MS module provided about 5-fold higher resolution separations than present commercially available drift tube or traveling wave IM-MS platforms. Peak capacity and peak generation rates achieved were 246 and 370 s(-1), respectively, at a TW speed of 148 m/s. The high resolution achieved in the TW SLIM IM-MS enabled, e.g., isomeric sugars (lacto-N-fucopentaose I and lacto-N-fucopentaose II) to be baseline resolved, and peptides from an albumin tryptic digest were much better resolved than with existing commercial IM-MS platforms. The present work also provides a foundation for the development of much higher resolution SLIM devices based upon both considerably longer path lengths and multipass designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liulin Deng
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Blvd., P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Yehia M Ibrahim
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Blvd., P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Ahmed M Hamid
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Blvd., P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Sandilya V B Garimella
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Blvd., P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Ian K Webb
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Blvd., P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Xueyun Zheng
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Blvd., P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Spencer A Prost
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Blvd., P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Jeremy A Sandoval
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Blvd., P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Randolph V Norheim
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Blvd., P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Gordon A Anderson
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Blvd., P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Aleksey V Tolmachev
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Blvd., P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Erin S Baker
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Blvd., P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Richard D Smith
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Blvd., P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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Zou N, Chen R, Qin Y, Song S, Tang X, Pan C. Comparison of pulse glow discharge‐ion mobility spectrometry and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry based on multiplug filtration cleanup for the analysis of tricaine mesylate residues in fish and water. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:3638-46. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of ScienceChina Agricultural University Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Ronghua Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of ScienceChina Agricultural University Beijing People's Republic of China
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental ToxicologyGuangxi University Nanning People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhong Qin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of ScienceChina Agricultural University Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangyu Song
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of ScienceChina Agricultural University Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Xinglin Tang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of ScienceChina Agricultural University Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Canping Pan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of ScienceChina Agricultural University Beijing People's Republic of China
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28
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Fatou B, Wisztorski M, Focsa C, Salzet M, Ziskind M, Fournier I. Substrate-Mediated Laser Ablation under Ambient Conditions for Spatially-Resolved Tissue Proteomics. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18135. [PMID: 26674367 PMCID: PMC4682183 DOI: 10.1038/srep18135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous applications of ambient Mass Spectrometry (MS) have been demonstrated over the past decade. They promoted the emergence of various micro-sampling techniques such as Laser Ablation/Droplet Capture (LADC). LADC consists in the ablation of analytes from a surface and their subsequent capture in a solvent droplet which can then be analyzed by MS. LADC is thus generally performed in the UV or IR range, using a wavelength at which analytes or the matrix absorb. In this work, we explore the potential of visible range LADC (532 nm) as a micro-sampling technology for large-scale proteomics analyses. We demonstrate that biomolecule analyses using 532 nm LADC are possible, despite the low absorbance of biomolecules at this wavelength. This is due to the preponderance of an indirect substrate-mediated ablation mechanism at low laser energy which contrasts with the conventional direct ablation driven by sample absorption. Using our custom LADC system and taking advantage of this substrate-mediated ablation mechanism, we were able to perform large-scale proteomic analyses of micro-sampled tissue sections and demonstrated the possible identification of proteins with relevant biological functions. Consequently, the 532 nm LADC technique offers a new tool for biological and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Fatou
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, U1192 - Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse-PRISM, F-59000 Lille, France.,Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523 - PhLAM - Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Maxence Wisztorski
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, U1192 - Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse-PRISM, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Cristian Focsa
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523 - PhLAM - Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Michel Salzet
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, U1192 - Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse-PRISM, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Michael Ziskind
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523 - PhLAM - Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Isabelle Fournier
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, U1192 - Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse-PRISM, F-59000 Lille, France
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29
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Krawczyk T. Enhanced electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection of hexamethylene triperoxide diamine (HMTD) after oxidation to tetramethylene diperoxide diamine dialdehyde (TMDDD). RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2015; 29:2257-2262. [PMID: 26522318 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Hexamethylene triperoxide diamine (HMTD) is one of the peroxide-based explosives that are difficult to detect using standard analytical methodologies. METHODS It was analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) on a UPLC-TOF instrument. Alkali metal salts were used to promote the formation of ions. RESULTS In the full scan positive ion mode a 3 ng (13 pmol) limit of detection was achieved if [HMTD + Me](+) ions (Me = Li, Na, K) were detected. It was found that HMTD easily undergoes oxidation to tetramethylene diperoxide diamine dialdehyde (TMDDD) in the source as well as in the samples. TMDDD can be detected as [TMDDD + Me](+) ions, but better ionization efficiency leads to the detection limit of TMDDD at the 2 pg (0.01 pmol) level. In butyl acetate the yield of oxidation of HMTD to TMDDD reaches 25% within 20 min at 120 °C, which offers a simple way of improving the detection limit of HMTD by two orders of magnitude. CONCLUSIONS A simple procedure of detection of HMTD that matches the most sensitive methods available was developed. It uses standard equipment available in many laboratories. It was shown that the frequently reported [HMTD-H](+) cation observed by various authors was in fact a misinterpretation of the results, and should be attributed to [TMDDD + H](+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Krawczyk
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
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Brown KE, Greenfield MT, McGrane SD, Moore DS. Advances in explosives analysis--part I: animal, chemical, ion, and mechanical methods. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 408:35-47. [PMID: 26462922 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9040-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The number and capability of explosives detection and analysis methods have increased substantially since the publication of the Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry special issue devoted to Explosives Analysis (Moore and Goodpaster, Anal Bioanal Chem 395(2):245-246, 2009). Here we review and critically evaluate the latest (the past five years) important advances in explosives detection, with details of the improvements over previous methods, and suggest possible avenues towards further advances in, e.g., stand-off distance, detection limit, selectivity, and penetration through camouflage or packaging. The review consists of two parts. This part, Part I, reviews methods based on animals, chemicals (including colorimetry, molecularly imprinted polymers, electrochemistry, and immunochemistry), ions (both ion-mobility spectrometry and mass spectrometry), and mechanical devices. Part II will review methods based on photons, from very energetic photons including X-rays and gamma rays down to the terahertz range, and neutrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Brown
- Shock and Detonation Physics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Margo T Greenfield
- Shock and Detonation Physics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Shawn D McGrane
- Shock and Detonation Physics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - David S Moore
- Shock and Detonation Physics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.
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Forbes TP, Sisco E. In-source collision induced dissociation of inorganic explosives for mass spectrometric signature detection and chemical imaging. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 892:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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32
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Akmalov A, Chistyakov A, Kotkovskii G. Laser Desorption of Explosives Traces with Low Vapors Pressure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phpro.2015.08.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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33
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Forbes TP, Sisco E. Mass Spectrometry Detection and Imaging of Inorganic and Organic Explosive Device Signatures Using Desorption Electro-Flow Focusing Ionization. Anal Chem 2014; 86:7788-97. [DOI: 10.1021/ac501718j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P. Forbes
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Materials
Measurement Science Division, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Edward Sisco
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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34
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Sabo M, Malásková M, Matejčík Š. Laser desorption with corona discharge ion mobility spectrometry for direct surface detection of explosives. Analyst 2014; 139:5112-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an00621f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We present a new highly sensitive technique for the detection of explosives directly from the surface using laser desorption-corona discharge-ion mobility spectrometry (LD-CD-IMS).
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Sabo
- Department of Experimental Physics
- Comenius University
- Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - M. Malásková
- Department of Experimental Physics
- Comenius University
- Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Š. Matejčík
- Department of Experimental Physics
- Comenius University
- Bratislava, Slovakia
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