1
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Fabiano L, Pandey S, Brischwein M, Hasanzadeh Kafshgari M, Hayden O. Continuous Perfusion Experiments on 3D Cell Proliferation in Acoustic Levitation. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:436. [PMID: 38675247 PMCID: PMC11051894 DOI: 10.3390/mi15040436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
An acoustofluidic trap is used for accurate 3D cell proliferation and cell function analysis in levitation. The prototype trap can be integrated with any microscope setup, allowing continuous perfusion experiments with temperature and flow control under optical inspection. To describe the trap function, we present a mathematical and FEM-based COMSOL model for the acoustic mode that defines the nodal position of trapped objects in the spherical cavity aligned with the microscope field of view and depth of field. Continuous perfusion experiments were conducted in sterile conditions over 55 h with a K562 cell line, allowing for deterministic monitoring. The acoustofluidic platform allows for rational in vitro cell testing imitating in vivo conditions such as cell function tests or cell-cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Fabiano
- Heinz-Nixdorf-Chair of Biomedical Electronics, School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, TranslaTUM, 80333 Munich, Germany; (L.F.); (M.B.); (M.H.K.)
| | - Shilpi Pandey
- Heinz-Nixdorf-Chair of Biomedical Electronics, School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, TranslaTUM, 80333 Munich, Germany; (L.F.); (M.B.); (M.H.K.)
| | - Martin Brischwein
- Heinz-Nixdorf-Chair of Biomedical Electronics, School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, TranslaTUM, 80333 Munich, Germany; (L.F.); (M.B.); (M.H.K.)
| | - Morteza Hasanzadeh Kafshgari
- Heinz-Nixdorf-Chair of Biomedical Electronics, School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, TranslaTUM, 80333 Munich, Germany; (L.F.); (M.B.); (M.H.K.)
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Hayden
- Heinz-Nixdorf-Chair of Biomedical Electronics, School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, TranslaTUM, 80333 Munich, Germany; (L.F.); (M.B.); (M.H.K.)
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2
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Ko J, Song J, Lee Y, Choi N, Kim HN. Understanding organotropism in cancer metastasis using microphysiological systems. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1542-1556. [PMID: 38192269 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00889d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis, the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, remains a complex challenge in medical science. Stephen Paget's "seed and soil theory" introduced the concept of organotropism, suggesting that metastatic success depends on specific organ microenvironments. Understanding organotropism not only offers potential for curbing metastasis but also novel treatment strategies. Microphysiological systems (MPS), especially organ-on-a-chip models, have emerged as transformative tools in this quest. These systems, blending microfluidics, biology, and engineering, grant precise control over cell interactions within organ-specific microenvironments. MPS enable real-time monitoring, morphological analysis, and protein quantification, enhancing our comprehension of cancer dynamics, including tumor migration, vascularization, and pre-metastatic niches. In this review, we explore innovative applications of MPS in investigating cancer metastasis, particularly focusing on organotropism. This interdisciplinary approach converges the field of science, engineering, and medicine, thereby illuminating a path toward groundbreaking discoveries in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Ko
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jiyoung Song
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yedam Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nakwon Choi
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Hong Nam Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei-KIST Convergence Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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3
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Kim H, Kim S, Lim H, Chung AJ. Expanding CAR-T cell immunotherapy horizons through microfluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1088-1120. [PMID: 38174732 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00622k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies have revolutionized cancer treatment, particularly in hematological malignancies. However, their application to solid tumors is limited, and they face challenges in safety, scalability, and cost. To enhance current CAR-T cell therapies, the integration of microfluidic technologies, harnessing their inherent advantages, such as reduced sample consumption, simplicity in operation, cost-effectiveness, automation, and high scalability, has emerged as a powerful solution. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the step-by-step manufacturing process of CAR-T cells, identifies existing difficulties at each production stage, and discusses the successful implementation of microfluidics and related technologies in addressing these challenges. Furthermore, this review investigates the potential of microfluidics-based methodologies in advancing cell-based therapy across various applications, including solid tumors, next-generation CAR constructs, T-cell receptors, and the development of allogeneic "off-the-shelf" CAR products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyelee Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Korea University, 02841 Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health (PPH), Korea University, 02841 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Suyeon Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Korea University, 02841 Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health (PPH), Korea University, 02841 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyunjung Lim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health (PPH), Korea University, 02841 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Aram J Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, Korea University, 02841 Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health (PPH), Korea University, 02841 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, 02841 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- MxT Biotech, 04785 Seoul, Republic of Korea
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4
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Biomedical Microelectromechanical System for Molecular, Cellular, and Organ Study. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8984-0_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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5
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Guimarães CF, Cruz-Moreira D, Caballero D, Pirraco RP, Gasperini L, Kundu SC, Reis RL. Shining a Light on Cancer - Photonics in Microfluidic Tumor Modelling and Biosensing. Adv Healthc Mater 2022:e2201442. [PMID: 35998112 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic platforms represent a powerful approach to miniaturizing important characteristics of cancers, improving in vitro testing by increasing physiological relevance. Different tools can manipulate cells and materials at the microscale, but few offer the efficiency and versatility of light and optical technologies. Moreover, light-driven technologies englobe a broad toolbox for quantifying critical biological phenomena. Herein, we review the role of photonics in microfluidic 3D cancer modeling and biosensing from three major perspectives. First, we look at optical-driven technologies that allow biomaterials and living cells to be manipulated with micro-sized precision and the opportunities to advance 3D microfluidic models by engineering cancer microenvironments' hallmarks, such as their architecture, cellular complexity, and vascularization. Second, we delve into the growing field of optofluidics, exploring how optical tools can directly interface microfluidic chips, enabling the extraction of relevant biological data, from single fluorescent signals to the complete 3D imaging of diseased cells within microchannels. Third, we review advances in optical cancer biosensing, focusing on how light-matter interactions can detect biomarkers, rare circulating tumor cells, and cell-derived structures such as exosomes. We overview photonic technologies' current challenges and caveats in microfluidic 3D cancer models, outlining future research avenues that may catapult the field. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos F Guimarães
- 3B's Research Group -Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Barco, Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga and Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Daniela Cruz-Moreira
- 3B's Research Group -Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Barco, Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga and Guimarães, Portugal
| | - David Caballero
- 3B's Research Group -Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Barco, Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga and Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rogério P Pirraco
- 3B's Research Group -Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Barco, Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga and Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Luca Gasperini
- 3B's Research Group -Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Barco, Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga and Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Subhas C Kundu
- 3B's Research Group -Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Barco, Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga and Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group -Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Barco, Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga and Guimarães, Portugal
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6
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Paterson K, Paterson S, Mulholland T, Coffelt S, Zagnoni M. Assessment of CAR-T cell-mediated cytotoxicity in 3D microfluidic cancer co-culture models for combination therapy. IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 3:86-95. [PMID: 35813488 PMCID: PMC9252335 DOI: 10.1109/ojemb.2022.3178302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy is efficacious against many haematological malignancies, but challenges remain when using this cellular immunotherapy for treating solid tumours. Classical 2D in vitro models fail to recapitulate the complexity of the tumour microenvironment, whilst in vivo models, such as patient-derived xenografts, are costly and labour intensive. Microfluidic technologies can provide miniaturized solutions to assess CAR-T therapies in 3D complex preclinical models of solid tumours. Here, we present a novel microfluidic immunoassay for the evaluation of CAR-T cell cytotoxicity and targeting specificity on 3D spheroids containing cancer cells and stromal cells. Monitoring the interaction between CAR-T cells and spheroid co-cultures, we show that CAR-T cells home towards target-expressing cancer cells and elicit a cytotoxic effect. Testing CAR-T cells in combination therapies, we show that CAR-T cell cytotoxicity is enhanced with anti-PD-L1 therapy and carboplatin chemotherapy. We propose this proof-of-concept microfluidic immunoassay as a material-saving, pre-clinical screening tool for quantification of cell therapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Paterson
- Centre for Microsystems and Photonics, EEE Department, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sarah Paterson
- ScreenIn3D Limited, Technology and Innovation Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Seth Coffelt
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michele Zagnoni
- EEE, Univ Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, G1 1XW
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7
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Biomedical Microelectromechanical System for Molecular, Cellular, and Organ Study. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9374-7_27-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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8
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Zirath H, Spitz S, Roth D, Schellhorn T, Rothbauer M, Müller B, Walch M, Kaur J, Wörle A, Kohl Y, Mayr T, Ertl P. Bridging the academic-industrial gap: application of an oxygen and pH sensor-integrated lab-on-a-chip in nanotoxicology. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:4237-4248. [PMID: 34605521 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00528f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Translation of advanced cell-based assays exhibiting a higher degree of automation, miniaturization, and integration of complementary sensing functions is mainly limited by the development of industrial-relevant prototypes that can be readily produced in larger volumes. Despite the increasing number of academic publications in recent years, the manufacturability of these microfluidic cell cultures systems is largely ignored, thus severely restricting their implementation in routine toxicological applications. We have developed a dual-sensor integrated microfluidic cell analysis platform using industrial specifications, materials, and fabrication methods to conduct risk assessment studies of engineered nanoparticles to overcome this academic-industrial gap. Non-invasive and time-resolved monitoring of cellular oxygen uptake and metabolic activity (pH) in the absence and presence of nanoparticle exposure is accomplished by integrating optical sensor spots into a cyclic olefin copolymer (COC)-based microfluidic platform. Results of our nanotoxicological study, including two physiological cell barriers that are essential in the protection from exogenous factors, the intestine (Caco-2) and the vasculature (HUVECs) showed that the assessment of the cells' total energy metabolism is ideally suited to rapidly detect cytotoxicities. Additional viability assay verification using state-of-the-art dye exclusion assays for nanotoxicology demonstrated the similarity and comparability of our results, thus highlighting the benefits of employing a compact and cost-efficient microfluidic dual-sensor platform as a pre-screening tool in nanomaterial risk assessment and as a rapid quality control measure in medium to high-throughput settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Zirath
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163-164, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Spitz
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163-164, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Roth
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163-164, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Schellhorn
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163-164, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Mario Rothbauer
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Müller
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Manuel Walch
- kdg opticomp GmbH, Am kdg Campus, Dorf 91, 6652 Elbigenalp, Austria
| | - Jatinder Kaur
- kdg opticomp GmbH, Am kdg Campus, Dorf 91, 6652 Elbigenalp, Austria
| | - Alexander Wörle
- kdg opticomp GmbH, Am kdg Campus, Dorf 91, 6652 Elbigenalp, Austria
| | - Yvonne Kohl
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, 66280 Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Torsten Mayr
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Ertl
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163-164, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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9
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Paterson K, Zanivan S, Glasspool R, Coffelt SB, Zagnoni M. Microfluidic technologies for immunotherapy studies on solid tumours. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:2306-2329. [PMID: 34085677 PMCID: PMC8204114 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01305f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a powerful and targeted cancer treatment that exploits the body's immune system to attack and eliminate cancerous cells. This form of therapy presents the possibility of long-term control and prevention of recurrence due to the memory capabilities of the immune system. Various immunotherapies are successful in treating haematological malignancies and have dramatically improved outcomes in melanoma. However, tackling other solid tumours is more challenging, mostly because of the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment (TME). Current in vitro models based on traditional 2D cell monolayers and animal models, such as patient-derived xenografts, have limitations in their ability to mimic the complexity of the human TME. As a result, they have inadequate translational value and can be poorly predictive of clinical outcome. Thus, there is a need for robust in vitro preclinical tools that more faithfully recapitulate human solid tumours to test novel immunotherapies. Microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip technologies offer opportunities, especially when performing mechanistic studies, to understand the role of the TME in immunotherapy, and to expand the experimental throughput when using patient-derived tissue through its miniaturization capabilities. This review first introduces the basic concepts of immunotherapy, presents the current preclinical approaches used in immuno-oncology for solid tumours and then discusses the underlying challenges. We provide a rationale for using microfluidic-based approaches, highlighting the most recent microfluidic technologies and methodologies that have been used for studying cancer-immune cell interactions and testing the efficacy of immunotherapies in solid tumours. Ultimately, we discuss achievements and limitations of the technology, commenting on potential directions for incorporating microfluidic technologies in future immunotherapy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Paterson
- Centre for Microsystems and Photonics, EEE Department, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
| | - S Zanivan
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK and Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - R Glasspool
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK and Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - S B Coffelt
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK and Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - M Zagnoni
- Centre for Microsystems and Photonics, EEE Department, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
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10
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Chen SC, Wu PC, Wang CY, Kuo PL. Evaluation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated anticancer response against tumor interstitium-simulating physical barriers. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13662. [PMID: 32788651 PMCID: PMC7423901 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70694-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) is a promising agent for cancer therapy. Most solid tumors are characterized by increased interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) and dense collagen capsule, which form physical barriers to impede cancer treatment. However, it remains unclear how CTL-mediated anticancer response is affected at the presence of these obstacles. Using a microfluidic-based platform mimicking these obstacles, we investigated the migration characteristics and performance of anticancer response of CTLs targeting hepatic cancer cells via antigen-specific and allogeneic recognition. The device consisted of slit channels mimicking the narrow interstitial paths constrained by the fibrous capsule and increased IFP was simulated by applying hydrostatic pressure to the tumor center. We found that antigen-specificity of CTLs against the targeted cancer cells determined the cytotoxic efficacy of the CTLs but did not significantly affect the success rate in CTLs that attempted to infiltrate into the tumor center. When increased IFP was present in the tumor center, CTL recruitment to tumor peripheries was promoted but success of infiltration was hindered. Our results highlight the importance of incorporating the physical characteristics of tumor interstitum into the development of CTL-based cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ching Chen
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Po-Cheng Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Yi Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ling Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan. .,Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan. .,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan.
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11
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Rothbauer M, Höll G, Eilenberger C, Kratz SRA, Farooq B, Schuller P, Olmos Calvo I, Byrne RA, Meyer B, Niederreiter B, Küpcü S, Sevelda F, Holinka J, Hayden O, Tedde SF, Kiener HP, Ertl P. Monitoring tissue-level remodelling during inflammatory arthritis using a three-dimensional synovium-on-a-chip with non-invasive light scattering biosensing. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:1461-1471. [PMID: 32219235 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc01097a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, systemic joint disease in which an autoimmune response translates into an inflammatory attack resulting in joint damage, disability and decreased quality of life. Despite recent introduction of therapeutic agents such as anti-TNFα, even the best current therapies fail to achieve disease remission in most arthritis patients. Therefore, research into the mechanisms governing the destructive inflammatory process in rheumatoid arthritis is of great importance and may reveal novel strategies for the therapeutic interventions. To gain deeper insight into its pathogensis, we have developed for the first time a three-dimensional synovium-on-a-chip system in order to monitor the onset and progression of inflammatory synovial tissue responses. In our study, patient-derived primary synovial organoids are cultivated on a single chip platform containing embedded organic-photodetector arrays for over a week in the absence and presence of tumor-necrosis-factor. Using a label-free and non-invasive optical light-scatter biosensing strategy inflammation-induced 3D tissue-level architectural changes were already detected after two days. We demonstrate that the integration of complex human synovial organ cultures in a lab-on-a-chip provides reproducible and reliable information on how systemic stress factors affect synovial tissue architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Rothbauer
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
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12
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Totaro D, Rothbauer M, Steiger MG, Mayr T, Wang HY, Lin YS, Sauer M, Altvater M, Ertl P, Mattanovich D. Downscaling screening cultures in a multifunctional bioreactor array-on-a-chip for speeding up optimization of yeast-based lactic acid bioproduction. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:2046-2057. [PMID: 32190900 PMCID: PMC7317386 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A key challenge for bioprocess engineering is the identification of the optimum process conditions for the production of biochemical and biopharmaceutical compounds using prokaryotic as well as eukaryotic cell factories. Shake flasks and bench-scale bioreactor systems are still the golden standard in the early stage of bioprocess development, though they are known to be expensive, time-consuming, and labor-intensive as well as lacking the throughput for efficient production optimizations. To bridge the technological gap between bioprocess optimization and upscaling, we have developed a microfluidic bioreactor array to reduce time and costs, and to increase throughput compared with traditional lab-scale culture strategies. We present a multifunctional microfluidic device containing 12 individual bioreactors (Vt = 15 µl) in a 26 mm × 76 mm area with in-line biosensing of dissolved oxygen and biomass concentration. Following initial device characterization, the bioreactor lab-on-a-chip was used in a proof-of-principle study to identify the most productive cell line for lactic acid production out of two engineered yeast strains, evaluating whether it could reduce the time needed for collecting meaningful data compared with shake flasks cultures. Results of the study showed significant difference in the strains' productivity within 3 hr of operation exhibiting a 4- to 6-fold higher lactic acid production, thus pointing at the potential of microfluidic technology as effective screening tool for fast and parallelizable industrial bioprocess development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Totaro
- ACIB GmbH, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Rothbauer
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias G Steiger
- ACIB GmbH, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Torsten Mayr
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Hsiang-Yu Wang
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Lin
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Michael Sauer
- ACIB GmbH, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Altvater
- ACIB GmbH, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Ertl
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Diethard Mattanovich
- ACIB GmbH, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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13
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Li L, Wang H, Huang L, Michael SA, Huang W, Wu H. A Controllable, Centrifugal-Based Hydrodynamic Microfluidic Chip for Cell-Pairing and Studying Long-Term Communications between Single Cells. Anal Chem 2019; 91:15908-15914. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water
Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huirong Wang
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lu Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water
Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sean Alan Michael
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water
Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hongkai Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water
Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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14
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Kratz SRA, Eilenberger C, Schuller P, Bachmann B, Spitz S, Ertl P, Rothbauer M. Characterization of four functional biocompatible pressure-sensitive adhesives for rapid prototyping of cell-based lab-on-a-chip and organ-on-a-chip systems. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9287. [PMID: 31243326 PMCID: PMC6594959 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45633-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the advent of affordable photo- and soft-lithography using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), low cost multi-step microfabrication methods have become available to a broad scientific community today. Although these methods are frequently applied for microfluidic prototype production in academic and industrial settings, fast design iterations and rapid prototyping within a few minutes with a high degree of flexibility are nearly impossible. To reduce microfluidic concept-to-chip time and costs, a number of alternative rapid prototyping techniques have recently been introduced including CNC micromachining, 3D printing and plotting out of numeric CAD designs as well as micro-structuring of thin PDMS sheets and pressure sensitive adhesives. Although micro-structuring of pressure sensitive adhesives promises high design flexibility, rapid fabrication and simple biochip assembly, most adhesives are toxic for living biological systems. Since an appropriate bio-interface and proper biology-material interaction is key for any cell chip and organ-on-a-chip system, only a limited number of medical-grade materials are available for microfluidic prototyping. In this study, we have characterized four functional biomedical-grade pressure sensitive adhesives for rapid prototyping (e.g. less than 1 hour) applications including structuring precision, physical and optical properties as well as biocompatibilities. While similar biocompatibility was found for all four adhesives, significant differences in cutting behavior, bonding strength to glass and polymers as well as gas permeability was observed. Practical applications included stability testing of multilayered, membrane-integrated organ-on-a-chip devices under standard cell culture conditions (e.g. 2-3 weeks at 37 °C and 100% humidity) and a shear-impact up to 5 dynes/cm2. Additionally, time- and shear-dependent uptake of non-toxic fluorescently labelled nanoparticles on human endothelial cells are demonstrated using micro-structured adhesive-bonded devices. Our results show that (a) both simple and complex microdevices can be designed, fabricated and tested in less than 1 hour, (b) these microdevices are stable for weeks even under physiological shear force conditions and (c) can be used to maintain cell monolayers as well as 3D cell culture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R A Kratz
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Getreidemarkt 9/163-164, 1060, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Eilenberger
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Getreidemarkt 9/163-164, 1060, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - P Schuller
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Getreidemarkt 9/163-164, 1060, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - B Bachmann
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Getreidemarkt 9/163-164, 1060, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt (AUVA) Research Centre, Donaueschingenstraße 13, 1200, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Spitz
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Getreidemarkt 9/163-164, 1060, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - P Ertl
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Getreidemarkt 9/163-164, 1060, Vienna, Austria. .,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.
| | - M Rothbauer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Getreidemarkt 9/163-164, 1060, Vienna, Austria. .,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.
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15
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Rothbauer M, Charwat V, Bachmann B, Sticker D, Novak R, Wanzenböck H, Mathies RA, Ertl P. Monitoring transient cell-to-cell interactions in a multi-layered and multi-functional allergy-on-a-chip system. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:1916-1921. [PMID: 31070645 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00108e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a highly integrated lab-on-a-chip containing embedded electrical microsensors, μdegassers and pneumatically-actuated micropumps to monitor allergic hypersensitivity. Rapid antigen-mediated histamine release (e.g. s to min) and resulting muscle contraction (<30 min) is detected by connecting an immune compartment containing sensitized basophile cells to a vascular co-culture model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Rothbauer
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria. and Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Charwat
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Bachmann
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria. and Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria and AUVA Research Centre, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Drago Sticker
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Richard Novak
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Lewis Hall, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Heinz Wanzenböck
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Gußhausstr. 25-25a, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard A Mathies
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Lewis Hall, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Peter Ertl
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria. and Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
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16
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Li W, Khan M, Mao S, Feng S, Lin JM. Advances in tumor-endothelial cells co-culture and interaction on microfluidics. J Pharm Anal 2018; 8:210-218. [PMID: 30140484 PMCID: PMC6104288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The metastasis in which the cancer cells degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM) and invade to the surrounding and far tissues of the body is the leading cause of mortality in cancer patients. With a lot of advancement in the field, yet the biological cause of metastasis are poorly understood. The microfluidic system provides advanced technology to reconstruct a variety of in vivo-like environment for studying the interactions between tumor cells (TCs) and endothelial cells (ECs). This review gives a brief account of both two-dimensional models and three-dimensional microfluidic systems for the analysis of TCs-ECs co-culture as well as their applications to anti-cancer drug screening. Furthermore, the advanced methods for analyzing cell-to-cell interactions at single-cell level were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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17
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Zirath H, Rothbauer M, Spitz S, Bachmann B, Jordan C, Müller B, Ehgartner J, Priglinger E, Mühleder S, Redl H, Holnthoner W, Harasek M, Mayr T, Ertl P. Every Breath You Take: Non-invasive Real-Time Oxygen Biosensing in Two- and Three-Dimensional Microfluidic Cell Models. Front Physiol 2018; 9:815. [PMID: 30018569 PMCID: PMC6037982 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge on the availability of dissolved oxygen inside microfluidic cell culture systems is vital for recreating physiological-relevant microenvironments and for providing reliable and reproducible measurement conditions. It is important to highlight that in vivo cells experience a diverse range of oxygen tensions depending on the resident tissue type, which can also be recreated in vitro using specialized cell culture instruments that regulate external oxygen concentrations. While cell-culture conditions can be readily adjusted using state-of-the-art incubators, the control of physiological-relevant microenvironments within the microfluidic chip, however, requires the integration of oxygen sensors. Although several sensing approaches have been reported to monitor oxygen levels in the presence of cell monolayers, oxygen demands of microfluidic three-dimensional (3D)-cell cultures and spatio-temporal variations of oxygen concentrations inside two-dimensional (2D) and 3D cell culture systems are still largely unknown. To gain a better understanding on available oxygen levels inside organ-on-a-chip systems, we have therefore developed two different microfluidic devices containing embedded sensor arrays to monitor local oxygen levels to investigate (i) oxygen consumption rates of 2D and 3D hydrogel-based cell cultures, (ii) the establishment of oxygen gradients within cell culture chambers, and (iii) influence of microfluidic material (e.g., gas tight vs. gas permeable), surface coatings, cell densities, and medium flow rate on the respiratory activities of four different cell types. We demonstrate how dynamic control of cyclic normoxic-hypoxic cell microenvironments can be readily accomplished using programmable flow profiles employing both gas-impermeable and gas-permeable microfluidic biochips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Zirath
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Rothbauer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Spitz
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Bachmann
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt (AUVA) Research Centre, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Jordan
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Müller
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Josef Ehgartner
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eleni Priglinger
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt (AUVA) Research Centre, Vienna, Austria
| | - Severin Mühleder
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt (AUVA) Research Centre, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Redl
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt (AUVA) Research Centre, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Holnthoner
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt (AUVA) Research Centre, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Harasek
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Torsten Mayr
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Ertl
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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18
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Ren D, Chui CO. Feasibility of Tracking Multiple Single-Cell Properties with Impedance Spectroscopy. ACS Sens 2018; 3:1005-1015. [PMID: 29737153 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) has been instrumental in tracking collective behavior of confluent cell layers for decades. Toward probing cellular heterogeneity in a population, the single-cell version of ECIS has also been explored, yet its intrinsic capability and limitation remain unclear. In this work, we argue for the fundamental feasibility of impedance spectroscopy to track changes of multiple cellular properties using a noninvasive single-cell approach. While changing individual properties is experimentally prohibitive, we take a simulation approach instead and mimic the corresponding changes using a 3D computational model. From the resultant impedance spectra, we identify the spectroscopic signature characteristic to each property considered herein. Since multiple properties change concurrently in practice, the respective signatures often overlap spectroscopically and become hidden. We further attempt to deconvolve such spectra and reveal the underlying property changes. This work provides the theoretical foundation to inspire experimental validation and adoption of ECIS for multiproperty single-cell measurements.
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19
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Zhang P, Wang Y, Liu XR, Hong SR, Yao J. Downregulated Tim-3 expression is responsible for the incidence and development of colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:1059-1066. [PMID: 29963183 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the role of T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin-3 (Tim-3) in its gene and protein forms in colorectal cancer (CRC), and to verify the significance of Tim-3 expression in patients with CRC. A prospective analysis of 258 patients with CRC and 246 normal controls was conducted between December 2012 and June 2015. Intestinal samples were collected, including of CRC tissues, paracancerous tissues and normal colon mucosa tissues. Peripheral venous blood samples were also collected. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blot analysis was performed for the detection and evaluation of Tim-3 gene and protein in various tissues. PCR analysis indicated that the T and G alleles of -882C/T and 4259T/G are associated with a significantly increased risk of CRC. Following the confirmation of Tim-3 expression in CRC tissues, RT-qPCR detection and western blot analysis revealed clear downregulation of Tim-3 mRNA and protein expression in the blood and tissue samples obtained from patients with CRC, as compared with in the corresponding control samples. Similar trends of decreased Tim-3 mRNA levels and protein expression were observed in CRC tissues compared with in the paracancerous and the normal colon mucosa tissues. In addition, the mRNA and protein expression levels in the paracancerous tissues were lower than those in the normal colon mucosa tissues. Furthermore, significantly lower Tim-3 mRNA levels were observed in patients with a tumor size >5 cm, a poor differentiation degree, higher tumor-node-metastasis stage (stage III-IV), and lymph node and distant metastasis. Collectively, genetic changes to Tim-3, expressed as polymorphisms in Tim-3, and decreased mRNA/protein expression may be partially responsible for the incidence and development of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Rong Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Ru Hong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Jian Yao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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20
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Next-Generation Live-Cell Microarray Technologies. Methods Mol Biol 2018. [PMID: 29633200 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7792-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Over the last decades the application of cell-based assays and in vitro cell culture systems has fundamentally transformed our understanding of biological functions on a cellular and organism level. The resulting ubiquitous usage of cell-based assays in today's scientific world has therefore generated a need for advanced in vitro diagnostic systems. This increased demand has further led to the development of miniaturized live-cell microarrays for biomedical applications including high-throughput screening tools and microfluidic systems. The greatest benefit of miniaturized cell analysis systems is the ability to provide quantitative data in real time with high reliability and sensitivity, which are key parameters for any cell-based assay. An additional advantage of live-cell microarrays is their inherent capability for large-scale screening of single cells, multicell populations, as well as spheroids.
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21
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Charwat V, Olmos Calvo I, Rothbauer M, Kratz SRA, Jungreuthmayer C, Zanghellini J, Grillari J, Ertl P. Combinatorial in Vitro and in Silico Approach To Describe Shear-Force Dependent Uptake of Nanoparticles in Microfluidic Vascular Models. Anal Chem 2018; 90:3651-3655. [PMID: 29478320 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, we combine experimental and computational methods to define the critical shear stress as an alternative parameter for nanotoxicological and nanomedical evaluations using an in vitro microfluidic vascular model. We demonstrate that our complementary in vitro and in silico approach is well suited to assess the fluid flow velocity above which clathrin-mediated (active) nanoparticle uptake per cell decreases drastically although higher numbers of nanoparticles per cell are introduced. Results of our study revealed a critical shear stress of 1.8 dyn/cm2, where maximum active cellular nanoparticle uptake took place, followed by a 70% decrease in uptake of 249 nm nanoparticles at 10 dyn/cm2, respectively. The observed nonlinear relationship between flow velocity and nanoparticle uptake strongly suggests that fluid mechanical forces also need to be considered in order to predict potential in vivo distribution, bioaccumulation, and clearance of nanomaterials and novel nanodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Charwat
- Department of Biotechnology , University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences , Vienna , Austria
| | - Isabel Olmos Calvo
- Department of Medicine III , Medical University Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Mario Rothbauer
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry , Vienna University of Technology , Vienna , Austria
| | | | | | - Jürgen Zanghellini
- Department of Biotechnology , University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences , Vienna , Austria.,ACIB - Austrian Centre for Industrial Biotechnology , Vienna , Austria
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Department of Biotechnology , University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences , Vienna , Austria
| | - Peter Ertl
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry , Vienna University of Technology , Vienna , Austria
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22
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Rothbauer M, Zirath H, Ertl P. Recent advances in microfluidic technologies for cell-to-cell interaction studies. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:249-270. [PMID: 29143053 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00815e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic cell cultures are ideally positioned to become the next generation of in vitro diagnostic tools for biomedical research, where key biological processes such as cell signalling and dynamic cell-to-cell interactions can be reliably analysed under reproducible physiological cell culture conditions. In the last decade, a large number of microfluidic cell analysis systems have been developed for a variety of applications including drug target optimization, drug screening and toxicological testing. More recently, advanced in vitro microfluidic cell culture systems have emerged that are capable of replicating the complex three-dimensional architectures of tissues and organs and thus represent valid biological models for investigating the mechanism and function of human tissue structures, as well as studying the onset and progression of diseases such as cancer. In this review, we present the most important developments in single-cell, 2D and 3D microfluidic cell culture systems for studying cell-to-cell interactions published over the last 6 years, with a focus on cancer research and immunotherapy, vascular models and neuroscience. In addition, the current technological development of microdevices with more advanced physiological cell microenvironments that integrate multiple organ models, namely, the so-called body-, human- and multi-organ-on-a-chip, is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Rothbauer
- Vienna University of Technology, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
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23
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Rothbauer M, Frauenlob M, Gutkas K, Fischer MB, Sinner EK, Küpcü S, Ertl P. Development of a Multifunctional Nanobiointerface Based on Self-Assembled Fusion-Protein rSbpA/ZZ for Blood Cell Enrichment and Phenotyping. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:34423-34434. [PMID: 28920671 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b09041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a multifunctional nanobiointerface for blood cell capture and phenotyping applications that features both excellent antifouling properties and high antibody activity. Multifunctionality is accomplished by modifying polymeric materials using self-assembled S-layer fusion-protein rSbpA/ZZ to immobilize high density antibodies at the two protein A binding sites of the rSbpA/ZZ nanolattice structure. Controlled orientation and alignment of the antibodies reduced antibody consumption 100-fold and increased cell capture efficiency 4-fold over standard methodologies. Cell analysis in complex samples was made possible by the remarkable antifouling properties of the rSbpA domain, while at the same time reducing unspecific binding and forgoing tedious blocking procedures. An automated microfluidic in situ cell analysis platform for isolation and phenotyping of primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells was developed as practical application. Results obtained using our automated microfluidic cell analysis platform showed that the multifunctional nanobiointerface can discriminate among T helper and cytotoxic T cells, and thymocytes. Additionally, on-chip cell capture under flow conditions using a high affinity CD 3 selective nanobiointerface preferentially isolated cells with strong surface marker expression. This means that our dynamic microfluidic cell purification method allows the enrichment of 773 CD 8 positive cytotoxic T cells out of a total blood cell population of 7728 PBMCs, which is an increase in cell enrichment of 8-fold with a purity of 85%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Rothbauer
- Vienna University of Technology , Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry & Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Frauenlob
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences , Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Synthetic Bioarchitectures, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Karoline Gutkas
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences , Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Synthetic Bioarchitectures, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael B Fischer
- Department of Life Science and Biomedicine, Danube University Krems , Dr. Karl Dorrekstrasse 30, 3500 Krems, Austria
- Clinic for Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University Vienna , Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva-Kathrin Sinner
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences , Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Synthetic Bioarchitectures, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Seta Küpcü
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences , Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Synthetic Bioarchitectures, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Ertl
- Vienna University of Technology , Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry & Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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Abstract
In this chapter the state of the art of live cell microarrays for high-throughput biological assays are reviewed. The fabrication of novel microarrays with respect to material science and cell patterning methods is included. A main focus of the chapter is on various aspects of the application of cell microarrays by providing selected examples in research fields such as biomaterials, stem cell biology and neuroscience. Additionally, the importance of microfluidic technologies for high-throughput on-chip live-cell microarrays is highlighted for single-cell and multi-cell assays as well as for 3D tissue constructs.
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25
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Li R, Lv X, Zhang X, Saeed O, Deng Y. Microfluidics for cell-cell interactions: A review. Front Chem Sci Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-015-1550-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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26
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Rothbauer M, Praisler I, Docter D, Stauber RH, Ertl P. Microfluidic Impedimetric Cell Regeneration Assay to Monitor the Enhanced Cytotoxic Effect of Nanomaterial Perfusion. BIOSENSORS 2015; 5:736-49. [PMID: 26633532 PMCID: PMC4697142 DOI: 10.3390/bios5040736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, the application of nanomaterials (NMs) in technical products and biomedicine has become a rapidly increasing market trend. As the safety and efficacy of NMs are of utmost importance, new methods are needed to study the dynamic interactions of NMs at the nano-biointerface. However, evaluation of NMs based on standard and static cell culture end-point detection methods does not provide information on the dynamics of living biological systems, which is crucial for the understanding of physiological responses. To bridge this technological gap, we here present a microfluidic cell culture system containing embedded impedance microsensors to continuously and non-invasively monitor the effects of NMs on adherent cells under varying flow conditions. As a model, the impact of silica NMs on the vitality and regenerative capacity of human lung cells after acute and chronic exposure scenarios was studied over an 18-h period following a four-hour NM treatment. Results of the study demonstrated that the developed system is applicable to reliably analyze the consequences of dynamic NM exposure to physiological cell barriers in both nanotoxicology and nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Rothbauer
- BioSensor Technologies, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Irene Praisler
- BioSensor Technologies, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Dominic Docter
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology, ENT/University Medical Center Mainz, 55116 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Roland H Stauber
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology, ENT/University Medical Center Mainz, 55116 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Peter Ertl
- BioSensor Technologies, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
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Recent advances and future applications of microfluidic live-cell microarrays. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:948-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Pham PV, Nguyen NT, Nguyen HM, Khuat LT, Le PM, Pham VQ, Nguyen ST, Phan NK. A simple in vitro method for evaluating dendritic cell-based vaccinations. Onco Targets Ther 2014; 7:1455-64. [PMID: 25170272 PMCID: PMC4145728 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s67057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dendritic cell (DC) therapy is a promising therapy for cancer-targeting treatments. Recently, DCs have been used for treatment of some cancers. We aimed to develop an in vitro assay to evaluate DC therapy in cancer treatment using a breast cancer model. Methods DCs were induced from murine bone marrow mononuclear cells in Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 medium supplemented with GM-CSF (20 ng/mL) and IL-4 (20 ng/mL). Immature DCs were primed with breast cancer stem cell (BCSC)-derived antigens. BCSCs were sorted from 4T1 cell lines based on aldehyde dehydrogenase expression. A mixture of DCs and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) were used to evaluate the inhibitory effect of antigen-primed DCs on BCSCs. BCSC proliferation and doubling time were recorded based on impedance-based cell analysis using the xCELLigence system. The specification of inhibitory effects of DCs and CTLs was also evaluated using the same system. Results The results showed that impedance-based analysis of BCSCs reflected cytotoxicity and inhibitory effects of DCs and CTLs at 72 hours. Differences in ratios of DC:CTL changed the cytotoxicity of DCs and CTLs. Conclusion This study successfully used impedance-based cell analysis as a new in vitro assay to evaluate DC efficacy in cancer immunotherapy. We hope this technique will contribute to the development and improvement of immunotherapies in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuc Van Pham
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nhung Thi Nguyen
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Minh Nguyen
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Lam Tan Khuat
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Phong Minh Le
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Viet Quoc Pham
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Sinh Truong Nguyen
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc Kim Phan
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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