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Tian Z, Khan AI, Rehman AU, Deng T, Ma C, Wang L. Virulence factors and mechanisms of paediatric pneumonia caused by Enterococcus faecalis. Gut Pathog 2023; 15:2. [PMID: 36624474 PMCID: PMC9830894 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-022-00522-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Paediatric pneumonia is a respiratory infection that affects infants and young children under the age of 3. This disease is the leading cause of infant and child mortality in developing countries because of the weak immune system of young children. The difficulty and length of time required to identify the pathogen and causative agent are the main reasons for this high mortality rate. In addition, the identification of certain causative agents is particularly important for the treatment of paediatric pneumonia. In this study, we explored the possible mechanisms by which pathogenic Enterococcus faecalis induced pneumonia in vivo. The potential virulence factors of bacteria isolated from the intestines of paediatric pneumonia patients were determined. Taken together, the results suggested that lysophosphatidic acid (LTA) from pathogenic E. faecalis decreases the expression of platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR), which in turn disrupts the function of intestinal tight junctions (Occ and Ccldn1), leading to the entry of LE-LTA into the bloodstream because of the disruption of the intestinal barrier. Although LTA can enter circulation, it cannot directly infiltrate the lungs, which indicates that lung inflammation in mice is not caused by the direct entry of LE-LTA into the lungs. We further found that LTA activates immune cells, such as CD8 + T cells and type 2 innate lymphocytes, in vivo. Interleukin-6 and interleukin-17 can produce large amounts of inflammatory factors and thus promote the development of pneumonia. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that the LTA of pathogenic E. faecalis in the intestine is a virulence factor that can cause paediatric pneumonia. This study found that intestinal bacterial virulence factors can induce immune responses in the lungs and blood. These findings could provide further insight into the mechanism of infectious diseases in the lung that are caused by bacteria in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Tian
- grid.411971.b0000 0000 9558 1426Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Asif Iqbal Khan
- grid.411971.b0000 0000 9558 1426Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ata Ur Rehman
- grid.411971.b0000 0000 9558 1426Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ting Deng
- grid.411971.b0000 0000 9558 1426Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chao Ma
- grid.411971.b0000 0000 9558 1426Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Liang Wang
- grid.452435.10000 0004 1798 9070National Joint Engineering Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Centre, Stem Cell Clinical Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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2
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Hu Q, Feng W, Liang Y, Liang Z, Cao X, Li S, Luo Y, Wan J, Ma Y, Han D, Niu L. Boronate Affinity-Amplified Electrochemical Aptasensing of Lipopolysaccharide. Anal Chem 2022; 94:17733-17738. [PMID: 36475636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is closely associated with sepsis and other life-threatening conditions, the point-of-care (POC) detection of LPS is of significant importance to human health. In this work, we illustrate an electrochemical aptasensor for the POC detection of low-abundance LPS by utilizing boronate affinity (BA) as a simple, efficient, and cost-effective amplification strategy. Briefly, the BA-amplified electrochemical aptasensing of LPS involves the tethering of the aptamer receptors and the BA-mediated direct decoration of LPS with redox signal tags. As the polysaccharide chain of LPS contains hundreds of cis-diol sites, the covalent crosslinking between the phenylboronic acid group and cis-diol sites can be harnessed for the site-specific decoration of each LPS with hundreds of redox signal tags, thereby enabling amplified detection. As it involves only a single-step operation (∼15 min), the BA-mediated signal amplification holds the significant advantages of unrivaled simplicity, rapidness, and cost-effectiveness over the conventional nanomaterial- and enzyme-based strategies. The BA-amplified electrochemical aptasensor has been successfully applied to specifically detect LPS within 45 min, with a detection limit of 0.34 pg/mL. Moreover, the clinical utility has been validated based on LPS detection in complex serum samples. As a proof of concept, a portable device has been developed to showcase the potential applicability of the BA-amplified electrochemical LPS aptasensor in the POC testing. In view of its simplicity, rapidness, and cost-effectiveness, the BA-amplified electrochemical LPS aptasensor holds broad application prospects in the POC testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Hu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Wenxing Feng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yiyi Liang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwen Liang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Cao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shiqi Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yilin Luo
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jianwen Wan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yingming Ma
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Dongxue Han
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Li Niu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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3
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Nanoplasmonic Biosensing Approach for Endotoxin Detection in Pharmaceutical Field. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria contains bacterial endotoxins known as Lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Owing to the strong immune responses induced in humans and animals, these large molecules have a strong toxic effect that can cause severe fever, hypotension, shock, and death. Endotoxins are often present in the environment and medical implants and represent undesirable contaminations of pharmaceutical preparations and medical devices. To overcome the limitations of the standard technique, novel methods for early and sensitive detection of LPS will be of crucial importance. In this work, an interesting approach for the sensitive detection of LPS has been realized by exploiting optical features of nanoplasmonic transducers supporting Localized Surface Plasmon Resonances (LSPRs). Ordered arrays of gold nano-prisms and nano-disks have been realized by nanospheres lithography. The realized transducers have been integrated into a simple and miniaturized lab-on-a-chip (LOC) platform and functionalized with specific antibodies as sensing elements for the detection of LPS. Interactions of specific antibodies anchored on protein A-modified sensor chips with the investigated analyte resulted in a spectral shift in the plasmonic resonance peak of the transducers. A good linear relationship between peak shifts and the LPS concentration has been demonstrated for the fabricated nano-structures with a detection limit down to 5 ng/mL. Integration with a proper microfluidic platform demonstrates the possibility of yielding a prototypal compact device to be used as an analytical test for quality determination of pharmaceutical products.
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Gavrila AM, Zaharia A, Paruch L, Perrin FX, Sarbu A, Olaru AG, Paruch AM, Iordache TV. Molecularly imprinted films and quaternary ammonium-functionalized microparticles working in tandem against pathogenic bacteria in wastewaters. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 399:123026. [PMID: 32516646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite major efforts to combat pollution, the presence of pathogenic bacteria is still detected in surface water, soil and even crops due to poor purification of domestic and industrial wastewaters. Therefore, we have designed molecularly imprinted polymer films and quaternary ammonium-functionalized- kaolin microparticles to target specifically Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) and Gram-positive bacteria (GPB) in wastewaters and ensure a higher purification rate by working in tandem. According to the bacteriological indicators, a reduction by 90 % was registered for GNB (total coliforms and Escherichia coli O157) and by 77 % for GPB (Clostridium perfringens) in wastewaters. The reduction rates were confirmed when using pathogen genetic markers to quantify particular types of GNB and GPB, like Salmonella typhimurium (reduction up to 100 %),Campylobacter jejuni (reduction up to 70 %), Enterococcus faecalis (reduction up to 81 %), Clostridium perfringens (reduction up to 97 %) and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (reduction up to 64 %). In order to understand the bactericidal activity of prepared films and microparticles, we have performed several key analyses such as Cryo-TEM, to highlight the auto-assembly mechanism of components during the films formation, and 29 Si/13 C CP/MAS NMR, to reveal the way quaternary ammonium groups are grafted on the surface of kaolin microparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Mihaela Gavrila
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM, Advanced Polymer Materials and Polymer Recycling Group, Splaiul Independentei 202, 060021, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anamaria Zaharia
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM, Advanced Polymer Materials and Polymer Recycling Group, Splaiul Independentei 202, 060021, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lisa Paruch
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Division of Environment and Natural Resources, Fredrik A. Dahls vei 20, 1433, Aas, Norway
| | - Francois Xavier Perrin
- Université de Toulon, Laboratoire Matériaux Polymères Interfaces et Environnement Marin-MAPIEM EA 4323 SeaTech-Ecole d'ingénieurs, BP 20132, 83957, La Garde Cedex, France
| | - Andrei Sarbu
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM, Advanced Polymer Materials and Polymer Recycling Group, Splaiul Independentei 202, 060021, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Adam Mariusz Paruch
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Division of Environment and Natural Resources, Fredrik A. Dahls vei 20, 1433, Aas, Norway.
| | - Tanta-Verona Iordache
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM, Advanced Polymer Materials and Polymer Recycling Group, Splaiul Independentei 202, 060021, Bucharest, Romania.
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Primiceri E, Chiriacò MS, Notarangelo FM, Crocamo A, Ardissino D, Cereda M, Bramanti AP, Bianchessi MA, Giannelli G, Maruccio G. Key Enabling Technologies for Point-of-Care Diagnostics. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E3607. [PMID: 30355989 PMCID: PMC6263899 DOI: 10.3390/s18113607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A major trend in biomedical engineering is the development of reliable, self-contained point-of-care (POC) devices for diagnostics and in-field assays. The new generation of such platforms increasingly addresses the clinical and environmental needs. Moreover, they are becoming more and more integrated with everyday objects, such as smartphones, and their spread among unskilled common people, has the power to improve the quality of life, both in the developed world and in low-resource settings. The future success of these tools will depend on the integration of the relevant key enabling technologies on an industrial scale (microfluidics with microelectronics, highly sensitive detection methods and low-cost materials for easy-to-use tools). Here, recent advances and perspectives will be reviewed across the large spectrum of their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Antonio Crocamo
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Diego Ardissino
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Marco Cereda
- STMicroelectronics S.r.l., via Olivetti 2, 20864 Agrate Brianza, Italy.
| | | | | | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- National Institute of Gastroenterology, "S. De Bellis" Research Hospital, via Turi 27, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Maruccio
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of Salento, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
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6
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Sauer U. Analytical Protein Microarrays: Advancements Towards Clinical Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 17:E256. [PMID: 28146048 PMCID: PMC5335935 DOI: 10.3390/s17020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Protein microarrays represent a powerful technology with the potential to serve as tools for the detection of a broad range of analytes in numerous applications such as diagnostics, drug development, food safety, and environmental monitoring. Key features of analytical protein microarrays include high throughput and relatively low costs due to minimal reagent consumption, multiplexing, fast kinetics and hence measurements, and the possibility of functional integration. So far, especially fundamental studies in molecular and cell biology have been conducted using protein microarrays, while the potential for clinical, notably point-of-care applications is not yet fully utilized. The question arises what features have to be implemented and what improvements have to be made in order to fully exploit the technology. In the past we have identified various obstacles that have to be overcome in order to promote protein microarray technology in the diagnostic field. Issues that need significant improvement to make the technology more attractive for the diagnostic market are for instance: too low sensitivity and deficiency in reproducibility, inadequate analysis time, lack of high-quality antibodies and validated reagents, lack of automation and portable instruments, and cost of instruments necessary for chip production and read-out. The scope of the paper at hand is to review approaches to solve these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Sauer
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health and Bioresources, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
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7
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Poller AM, Spieker E, Lieberzeit PA, Preininger C. Surface Imprints: Advantageous Application of Ready2use Materials for Bacterial Quartz-Crystal Microbalance Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:1129-1135. [PMID: 27936575 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b13888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Four different materials (two ab initio synthesized polyurethanes; ready-to-use: Epon1002F and poly(vinyl alcohol)/N-methyl-4(4'-formylstyryl)pyridinium methosulfate acetal) for the generation of Escherichia coli surface imprints are compared in this work. The use of commercially available, ready-to-use materials instead of self-synthesized polymers represents an innovative and convenient way of molecular imprint fabrication. This was herein investigated for large, biological templates. Fully synthesized imprint materials (polyurethanes) were developed and optimized regarding their OH excess and the use of catalyst in the polymerization reaction. No to low OH excess (0-10%) and a noncatalyzed synthesis were determined to be superior for the imprinting of the Gram-negative bacteria. Imprints were characterized using atomic force microscopy, with Epon1002F yielding the most distinguished imprints, along with a smooth surface. The imprints were afterward tested as plastic antibody coatings in a mass-sensitive quartz-crystal microbalance measurement. Dilutions of E. coli suspensions, down to a limit of detection of 1.4 × 107 CFU/mL, were successfully measured. Best results were obtained with Epon1002F and self-synthesized, stoichiometric polyurethane. Since ready-to-use Epon1002F was superior in terms of signal intensities and sensitivity, it can advantageously replace self-synthesized polymers for the generation of imprinted sensor surfaces. Easy day-to-day reproducibility and further shortening of imprint fabrication time are other advantages of employing the ready-to-use material instead of conventionally synthesized polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Poller
- AIT - Austrian Institute of Technology, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Eva Spieker
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty for Chemistry, University of Vienna , Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Peter A Lieberzeit
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty for Chemistry, University of Vienna , Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Claudia Preininger
- AIT - Austrian Institute of Technology, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
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Uzun L, Turner APF. Molecularly-imprinted polymer sensors: realising their potential. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 76:131-44. [PMID: 26189406 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In parallel with recent developments in communications, nanotechnology and materials sciences, there has been extraordinary growth in the area of biosensors, with almost half of the total number of papers ever published (1962-2015) appearing in the last five-years (2010-2015). Molecular imprinting offers a route to the creation of specific and selective cavities in a 3D-polymeric network, which are complementary not only to the size and shape of a target species, but also provide interaction points and a coordination sphere around the template molecule. Given the challenges facing biosensor technologists, it is natural that this approach to create potentially highly stable synthetic ligands as an alternative to, or to compliment natural receptors, should emerge as a key line of interdisciplinary research. Despite the profuse amount of recent literature on molecularly-imprinted polymers (MIPs) and some limited commercial activity, these promising materials still need to overcome some limitations before taking their place in analytical market. In this review, we have focused on the most promising advances in MIP-based biosensors to illustrate how close to market they really are. We present our material under five main sections covering computational design, polymerisation strategies, material combinations, recent sensor designs and manufacturing issues. Each section provides technical details and evaluates the effect on sensor performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokman Uzun
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, IFM, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Anthony P F Turner
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, IFM, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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Ma F, Rehman A, Liu H, Zhang J, Zhu S, Zeng X. Glycosylation of Quinone-Fused Polythiophene for Reagentless and Label-Free Detection of E. coli. Anal Chem 2015; 87:1560-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac502712q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fen Ma
- Department
of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309, United States
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Department
of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309, United States
| | - Haiying Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Jingtuo Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Shilei Zhu
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Xiangqun Zeng
- Department
of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309, United States
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Wang SK, Cheng CM. Glycan-based diagnostic devices: current progress, challenges and perspectives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:16750-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc06876b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of glycan-based diagnostic devices is illustrated with recent examples from both carbohydrate recognition and device design aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Kai Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu 300
- Taiwan
| | - Chao-Min Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering
- National Tsing Hua University
- Taiwan
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