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Golubewa L, Timoshchenko I, Kulahava T. Specificity of carbon nanotube accumulation and distribution in cancer cells revealed by K-means clustering and principal component analysis of Raman spectra. Analyst 2024; 149:2680-2696. [PMID: 38497436 DOI: 10.1039/d3an02078a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) show great potential for their application as cancer therapeutic nanodrugs, but the efficiency and mechanism of their accumulation in the cell, the modulation of cell activity, and the strong dependence of the results on the type of capping molecule still hinder the transfer of SWCNTs to the clinic. In the present study, we determined the mechanism and sequence of accumulation, distribution and type discrimination of SWCNTs in glioma cells by applying K-means clustering and principal component analysis (PCA) of Raman spectra of cells exposed to SWCNTs capped with either DNA or oligonucleotides (ON). Based on the specific biochemical information uncovered by PCA and further applied to K-means, we show that the accumulation of SWCNT-DNA occurs in two phases. The first phase involves the transport of SWCNT-DNA through vesicles and its redistribution in the cytoplasm, which is reflected in two SWCNT-related clusters. The second phase begins after 18 hours of interaction between cells and SWCNT-DNA. PCA shows the appearance of two SWCNT-associated PC loadings, reflected by the addition of a new cluster of SWCNTs with a narrowed and shifted G-peak in the spectra. It is caused by the loss of DNA capping and clumping of SWCNTs and triggered by the acidic conditions in autolysosomes resulting from the fusion of transport vesicles with lysosomes. SWCNTs penetrate all cellular compartments after 42-66 hours and lead to cell death. The clumped SWCNTs are released to the outside. In contrast, SWCNT-ON is hardly accumulated in glioma cells and after 72 hours of exposure to SWCNT-ON, the accumulation of SWCNTs corresponds to the first stage without reaching the second. PCA made it possible to separate the characteristics of cellular components against the high-intensity Raman signal from nanotubes and, thus, to propose the mechanism of accumulation and metabolism of nanomaterials in living cells without the use of additional research approaches. Our results elucidate the time dependence of the accumulation of SWCNTs on the capping molecule. We expect that our results can make an important contribution to the use of these nanomaterials in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Golubewa
- Department of Molecular Compounds Physics, State Research Institute Centre for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio av. 3, Vilnius, 10257, Lithuania.
| | - Igor Timoshchenko
- Department of Computer Modelling, Physics Faculty, Belarusian State University, Nezavisimosti av. 4, Minsk, 220030, Belarus
- Laboratory of Nanoelectromagnetics, Institute for Nuclear Problems of Belarusian State University, Bobruiskaya str. 11, Minsk, 220006, Belarus
| | - Tatsiana Kulahava
- Laboratory of Nanoelectromagnetics, Institute for Nuclear Problems of Belarusian State University, Bobruiskaya str. 11, Minsk, 220006, Belarus
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Li S, Wei X, Li L, Cui J, Yang D, Wang Y, Zhou W, Xie S, Hirano A, Tanaka T, Kataura H, Liu H. Quantitative analysis of the effect of reabsorption on the Raman spectroscopy of distinct ( n, m) carbon nanotubes. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:2376-2384. [PMID: 32930263 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay00356e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We quantitatively analyze the effect of reabsorption on the Raman spectroscopy of (10, 3) and (8, 3) single-chirality single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) solutions by varying the detection depth in confocal micro-Raman measurements and SWCNT concentration the in sample solution. The increase of the detection depth and concentration of SWCNTs enhances the reabsorption effect and decreases the intensities of the Raman features. More importantly, reabsorption exhibits different effects on different Raman features such as the radial breathing mode (RBM) and G+ band, strongly depending on the resonance degree of the scattered light energy and the interband transition of SWCNTs. When (10, 3) SWCNTs are excited with a 633 nm laser, the scattered light from RBM has stronger resonance with the interband transition of the SWCNTs than that from the G+ band, leading to a faster reduction in the RBM intensity and a lower intensity ratio of RBM to the G+ band. In contrast, when (8, 3) SWCNTs are excited with a 633 nm laser, reabsorption has the same effect on the RBM and G+ band intensities and thus maintains a constant intensity ratio of RBM to the G+ band. Furthermore, we precisely establish a quantitative relationship of the intensities of the Raman features such as RBM, the G+ band and their intensity ratio as a function of the focal depth and SWCNT concentration by theoretical calculations and numerical simulation, which reproduces the experimental results well. These results are very useful in the precise analysis of the Raman spectroscopy of SWCNTs and thus their applications in molecular detection and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilong Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Physical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaojun Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Linhai Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Physical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiaming Cui
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Dehua Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Physical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanchun Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Weiya Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Physical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sishen Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Physical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Atsushi Hirano
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tanaka
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Kataura
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Huaping Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Physical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong Province, China
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Braun EI, Huang A, Tusa CA, Yukica MA, Pantano P. Use of Raman spectroscopy to identify carbon nanotube contamination at an analytical balance workstation. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2016; 13:915-923. [PMID: 27224520 PMCID: PMC5070386 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2016.1191639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are cylindrical molecules of carbon with diverse commercial applications. CNTs are also lightweight, easily airborne, and have been shown to be released during various phases of production and use. Therefore, as global CNT production increases, so do concerns that CNTs could pose a safety threat to those who are exposed to them. This makes it imperative to fully understand CNT release scenarios to make accurate risk assessments and to implement effective control measures. However, the current suite of direct-reading and off-line instrumentation used to monitor the release of CNTs in workplaces lack high chemical specificity, which complicates risk assessments when the sampling and/or measurements are performed at a single site where multiple CNT types are handled in the presence of naturally occurring background particles, or dust. Herein, we demonstrate the utility of Raman spectroscopy to unequivocally identify whether particulate matter collected from a multi-user analytical balance workstation comprised CNTs, as well as, whether the contamination included CNTs that were synthesized by a Ni/Y-catalyzed electric-arc method or a Co/Mo-catalyzed chemical vapor deposition method. Identifying the exact CNT type generated a more accurate risk assessment by knowing the metallic impurities involved, and it also led to the identification of the users who handled these CNTs, a review of their handling techniques, and an improved protocol for safely weighing CNTs.
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Petersen EJ, Flores-Cervantes DX, Bucheli TD, Elliott LCC, Fagan JA, Gogos A, Hanna S, Kägi R, Mansfield E, Montoro Bustos AR, Plata DL, Reipa V, Westerhoff P, Winchester MR. Quantification of Carbon Nanotubes in Environmental Matrices: Current Capabilities, Case Studies, and Future Prospects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:4587-605. [PMID: 27050152 PMCID: PMC4943226 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have numerous exciting potential applications and some that have reached commercialization. As such, quantitative measurements of CNTs in key environmental matrices (water, soil, sediment, and biological tissues) are needed to address concerns about their potential environmental and human health risks and to inform application development. However, standard methods for CNT quantification are not yet available. We systematically and critically review each component of the current methods for CNT quantification including CNT extraction approaches, potential biases, limits of detection, and potential for standardization. This review reveals that many of the techniques with the lowest detection limits require uncommon equipment or expertise, and thus, they are not frequently accessible. Additionally, changes to the CNTs (e.g., agglomeration) after environmental release and matrix effects can cause biases for many of the techniques, and biasing factors vary among the techniques. Five case studies are provided to illustrate how to use this information to inform responses to real-world scenarios such as monitoring potential CNT discharge into a river or ecotoxicity testing by a testing laboratory. Overall, substantial progress has been made in improving CNT quantification during the past ten years, but additional work is needed for standardization, development of extraction techniques from complex matrices, and multimethod comparisons of standard samples to reveal the comparability of techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah J. Petersen
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - D. Xanat Flores-Cervantes
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Thomas D. Bucheli
- Agroscope, Institute of Sustainability Sciences ISS, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lindsay C. C. Elliott
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Jeffrey A. Fagan
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Alexander Gogos
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Agroscope, Institute of Sustainability Sciences ISS, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shannon Hanna
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Ralf Kägi
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Mansfield
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Antonio R. Montoro Bustos
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Desiree L. Plata
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Vytas Reipa
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Paul Westerhoff
- School of Sustainable Engineering and The Built Environment, Arizona State University, Box 3005, Tempe, Arizona 85278-3005, United States
| | - Michael R. Winchester
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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