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Romeo N, Mabry J, Hillegonds D, Kainz G, Jaklitsch M, Matsumoto T. Developments of a field gas extraction device and krypton purification system for groundwater radio-krypton dating at the IAEA. Appl Radiat Isot 2022; 189:110450. [PMID: 36137482 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The long-lived radio-krypton isotope 81Kr (t1/2 = 2.29 × 105 yr) is an ideal tracer for old groundwater age dating in the range of 105-106 years which goes beyond the reach of radio-carbon (14C) age dating. Analytical breakthrough made over the last two decades in Atom Trap Trace Analysis (ATTA) has enabled the use of this isotope with extremely low abundance (81Kr/Kr = 6 × 10-13) to be used as a practical dating tool for very old groundwater. The International Atomic Energy Agency aims to provide this new isotope tool for better groundwater resource management of Member States and developed a field sampling device to collect dissolved gas samples from groundwater and a system to separate and purify trace amounts of krypton from the gas samples for the ATTA analysis. The design, setup and performances of our sampling and purification systems are described here. Our system can produce a high purity aliquot of about 5 μL of krypton from 5 L of air sample (recovery yield of >90%). The samples made by our system were confirmed to be acceptable for the ATTA analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolo Romeo
- Isotope Hydrology Laboratory, The International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jennifer Mabry
- Isotope Hydrology Laboratory, The International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Darren Hillegonds
- Isotope Hydrology Laboratory, The International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria; Noble Gas Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Department of Earth Sciences, UK
| | - Gerhard Kainz
- Isotope Hydrology Laboratory, The International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manfred Jaklitsch
- Isotope Hydrology Laboratory, The International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Takuya Matsumoto
- Isotope Hydrology Laboratory, The International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria.
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Chen CF, Yang LT, Huang YJ, Shang-Guan ZH, Guo GY, Yao JL, Sha XD. A study on 85Kr measurement with an internal gas proportional counter. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 155:108948. [PMID: 31655352 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.108948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A measurement method of 85Kr using an internal gas proportional counter (IGPC) is presented in this study. The operation conditions of the IGPC were determined and optimized, including the operating voltage, pressure, sample volume, interference from other gas components such as nitrogen or air, and mitigation of the memory effect. The IGPC was calibrated using certified standards, and the detection efficiency was approximately 58% for typical samples. A lower limit of detection of approximately 0.11 MBq/m3(Kr) was achieved after counting for 5 h with 1 mL pure Kr, corresponding to the atmospheric activity concentration of 0.18 Bq/m3 (air). It was shown that the IGPC could be used effectively for measuring 85Kr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Feng Chen
- Suzhou Nuclear Power Research Institute Co., Ltd, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Li-Tao Yang
- Suzhou Nuclear Power Research Institute Co., Ltd, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Yan-Jun Huang
- Suzhou Nuclear Power Research Institute Co., Ltd, Suzhou, 215004, China.
| | | | - Gui-Ying Guo
- Suzhou Nuclear Power Research Institute Co., Ltd, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Jian-Lin Yao
- Suzhou Nuclear Power Research Institute Co., Ltd, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Sha
- Suzhou Nuclear Power Research Institute Co., Ltd, Suzhou, 215004, China
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Huang YJ, Guo GY, Chen CF, Yang LT, Shang-Guan ZH, Sha XD, Yao JL, Hu C. Automated separation and analysis of krypton-85 from low-volume gaseous effluent of nuclear power plant. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-019-06838-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Dong XZ, Ritterbusch F, Chu YQ, Gu JQ, Hu SM, Jiang W, Lu ZT, Yang GM, Zhao L. Dual Separation of Krypton and Argon from Environmental Samples for Radioisotope Dating. Anal Chem 2019; 91:13576-13581. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Ze Dong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Florian Ritterbusch
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yan-Qing Chu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ji-Qiang Gu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shui-Ming Hu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zheng-Tian Lu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Guo-Min Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, China
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Dakka MA, Tsiminis G, Glover RD, Perrella C, Moffatt J, Spooner NA, Sang RT, Light PS, Luiten AN. Laser-Based Metastable Krypton Generation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:093201. [PMID: 30230900 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.093201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the generation of metastable krypton in the long-lived 1s^{5} state using laser excitation. The atoms are excited through a two-photon absorption process into the 2p^{6} state using a pulsed optical parametric oscillator laser operating near 215 nm, after which the atoms decay quickly into the metastable state with a branching ratio of 75%. The interaction dynamics are modeled using density matrix formalism and, by combining this with experimental observations, we are able to calculate photoionization and two-photon absorption cross sections. When compared to traditional approaches to metastable production, this approach shows great potential for high-density metastable krypton production with minimal heating of the sample. Here, we show metastable production efficiencies of up to 2% per pulse. The new experimental results gained here, when combined with the density matrix model we have developed, suggest that fractional efficiencies up to 30% are possible under optimal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Dakka
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing and School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - G Tsiminis
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing and School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Optimising Resource Extraction, School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - R D Glover
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics, School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - C Perrella
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing and School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - J Moffatt
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing and School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Optimising Resource Extraction, School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - N A Spooner
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing and School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Optimising Resource Extraction, School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Defence Science and Technology Group, PO Box 1500, SA 5111, Australia
| | - R T Sang
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics, School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - P S Light
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing and School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - A N Luiten
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing and School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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Tu LY, Yang GM, Zhang XY, Hu SM. Efficient Separation of Ar and Kr from Environmental Samples for Trace Radioactive Noble Gas Detection. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/29/cjcp1510210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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