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Möller C, Virzi J, Chang YJ, Keidel A, Chao MR, Hu CW, Cooke MS. DNA modifications: Biomarkers for the exposome? ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 108:104449. [PMID: 38636743 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The concept of the exposome is the encompassing of all the environmental exposures, both exogenous and endogenous, across the life course. Many, if not all, of these exposures can result in the generation of reactive species, and/or the modulation of cellular processes, that can lead to a breadth of modifications of DNA, the nature of which may be used to infer their origin. Because of their role in cell function, such modifications have been associated with various major human diseases, including cancer, and so their assessment is crucial. Historically, most methods have been able to only measure one or a few DNA modifications at a time, limiting the information available. With the development of DNA adductomics, which aims to determine the totality of DNA modifications, a far more comprehensive picture of the DNA adduct burden can be gained. Importantly, DNA adductomics can facilitate a "top-down" investigative approach whereby patterns of adducts may be used to trace and identify the originating exposure source. This, together with other 'omic approaches, represents a major tool for unraveling the complexities of the exposome and hence allow a better a understanding of the environmental origins of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Möller
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
| | - Jazmine Virzi
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Yuan-Jhe Chang
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Alexandra Keidel
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Mu-Rong Chao
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Wen Hu
- Department of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Marcus S Cooke
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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2
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Svitková V, Nemčeková K, Vyskočil V. Application of silver solid amalgam electrodes in electrochemical detection of DNA damage. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:5435-5444. [PMID: 35132476 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-03917-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a mercury meniscus-modified silver solid amalgam electrode was used for the first time for the detection of UV-induced DNA damage. The integrity of the double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) layer was detected indirectly using the evaluation of the methylene blue reduction within its accumulation into dsDNA after the UV irradiation of the biosensor surface with two different wavelengths (254 nm and 365 nm), monitored by differential pulse voltammetry. Moreover, a simple electrochemical characterization of the biosensor surface was performed using cyclic voltammetry of the redox indicator hexaammineruthenium chloride (RuHex) present in the solution. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used in both cases for the verification of results. Individual electrochemical signals depend on the time of biosensor exposure to UV irradiation as well as on the selected wavelengths and are different for both used types of dsDNA (salmon sperm and calf thymus). The highest degradation degree up to 60% was observed using sensitive EIS of methylene blue after 10 min irradiation of the biosensor at 254 nm. The use of RuHex seems to be less sensitive for the detection of dsDNA structural changes, when the degradation degree up to 40% was observed, using EIS at the same conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Svitková
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 81237, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Katarína Nemčeková
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 81237, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vlastimil Vyskočil
- UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12843, Prague, Czech Republic
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Varma S, Voldman J. Caring for cells in microsystems: principles and practices of cell-safe device design and operation. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:3333-3352. [PMID: 30324208 PMCID: PMC6254237 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00746b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic device designers and users continually question whether cells are 'happy' in a given microsystem or whether they are perturbed by micro-scale technologies. This issue is normally brought up by engineers building platforms, or by external reviewers (academic or commercial) comparing multiple technological approaches to a problem. Microsystems can apply combinations of biophysical and biochemical stimuli that, although essential to device operation, may damage cells in complex ways. However, assays to assess the impact of microsystems upon cells have been challenging to conduct and have led to subjective interpretation and evaluation of cell stressors, hampering development and adoption of microsystems. To this end, we introduce a framework that defines cell health, describes how device stimuli may stress cells, and contrasts approaches to measure cell stress. Importantly, we provide practical guidelines regarding device design and operation to minimize cell stress, and recommend a minimal set of quantitative assays that will enable standardization in the assessment of cell health in diverse devices. We anticipate that as microsystem designers, reviewers, and end-users enforce such guidelines, we as a community can create a set of essential principles that will further the adoption of such technologies in clinical, translational and commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvesh Varma
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
,
77 Massachusetts Avenue, Room 36-824
, Cambridge
, USA
.
; Fax: +617 258 5846
; Tel: +617 253 1583
| | - Joel Voldman
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
,
77 Massachusetts Avenue, Room 36-824
, Cambridge
, USA
.
; Fax: +617 258 5846
; Tel: +617 253 1583
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4
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Sun J, Zhu P, Wang X, Ji J, Habimana JDD, Shao J, Lei H, Zhang Y, Sun X. Cell Based-Green Fluorescent Biosensor Using Cytotoxic Pathway for Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide Recognition. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:6869-6876. [PMID: 29906103 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a characteristic component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, can be used as an effective biomarker to detect bacterial contamination. Here, we reported a 293/hTLR4A-MD2-CD14 cell-based fluorescent biosensor to detect and identify LPS, which is carried out in a 96-well microplate which is nondestructive, user-friendly, and highly efficient. The promoter sequence of the critical signaling pathway gene ZC3H12A (encoding MCPIP1 protein) and enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) were combined to construct a recombinant plasmid, which was transferred into 293/hTLR4A-MD2-CD14 cells through lipid-mediated, DNA-transfection way. LPS was able to bind to TLR4 and coreceptors-induced signaling pathway could result in green fluorescent protein expression. Results show that stable transfected 293/hTLR4A-MD2-CD14 cells with LPS treatment could be directly and continually observed under a high content screening imaging system. The novel cell-based biosensor detects LPS at low concentration, along with the detection limit of 0.075 μg/mL. The cell-based biosensor was evaluated by differentiating Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and detecting LPS in fruit juices as well. This proposed fluorescent biosensor has potential in sensing LPS optically in foodstuff and biological products, as well as bacteria identification, contributing to the control of foodborne diseases and ensurance of public food safety with its high throughput detection way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , P. R. China
| | - Pei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology , Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd. , Shanghai 200436 , China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , P. R. China
| | - Jian Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , P. R. China
| | - Jean de Dieu Habimana
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , P. R. China
| | - Jingdong Shao
- Zhangjiagang Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau , Zhangjiagang , Jiangsu 215600 , China
| | - Hongtao Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , Guangdong Province P. R. China
| | - Yinzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , P. R. China
| | - Xiulan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , P. R. China
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Varma S, Fendyur A, Box A, Voldman J. Multiplexed Cell-Based Sensors for Assessing the Impact of Engineered Systems and Methods on Cell Health. Anal Chem 2017; 89:4663-4670. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew Box
- Cytometry
Shared Resource Laboratory, Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas
City, Missouri 64110, United States
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Jiang H, Jiang D, Shao J, Sun X, Wang J. High-throughput living cell-based optical biosensor for detection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) using a red fluorescent protein reporter system. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36987. [PMID: 27841364 PMCID: PMC5107890 DOI: 10.1038/srep36987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the high toxicity of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), resulting in sepsis and septic shock, two major causes of death worldwide, significant effort is directed toward the development of specific trace-level LPS detection systems. Here, we report sensitive, user-friendly, high-throughput LPS detection in a 96-well microplate using a transcriptional biosensor system, based on 293/hTLR4A-MD2-CD14 cells that are transformed by a red fluorescent protein (mCherry) gene under the transcriptional control of an NF-κB response element. The recognition of LPS activates the biosensor cell, TLR4, and the co-receptor-induced NF-κB signaling pathway, which results in the expression of mCherry fluorescent protein. The novel cell-based biosensor detects LPS with specificity at low concentration. The cell-based biosensor was evaluated by testing LPS isolated from 14 bacteria. Of the tested bacteria, 13 isolated Enterobacteraceous LPSs with hexa-acylated structures were found to increase red fluorescence and one penta-acylated LPS from Pseudomonadaceae appeared less potent. The proposed biosensor has potential for use in the LPS detection in foodstuff and biological products, as well as bacteria identification, assisting the control of foodborne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Donglei Jiang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Labortary of Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, PR China
| | - Jingdong Shao
- Zhangjiagang Entry-Exit Inspection And Quarantine Bureau, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu 215600, PR China
| | - Xiulan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Jiasheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
- Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Ji J, Gu W, Sun C, Sun J, Jiang H, Zhang Y, Sun X. A novel recombinant cell fluorescence biosensor based on toxicity of pathway for rapid and simple evaluation of DON and ZEN. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31270. [PMID: 27498557 PMCID: PMC4976381 DOI: 10.1038/srep31270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During an exposure, humans and animals are most often exposed to a mixture rather than individual mycotoxins. In this study, a Human Embryonic Kidney 293 cell (HEK-293) fluorescence sensor was developed to detect and evaluate mycotoxins, deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) compounds, produced by Fusarium culmorum that are common food contaminants. TRE-copGFP (green fluorescent protein) and ERE-TagRFP (red fluorescent protein) plasmids were constructed and cotransfected into HEK-293 cells through a highly efficient, lipid-mediated, DNA-transfection procedure. Results show that fluorescence intensity was proportional to DON and ZEN concentrations, ranging from 2 to 40 ng/mL and 10 to 100 ng/mL respectively, with a detection limit of 0.75 ng/mL and 3.2 ng/mL respectively. The EC50 of DON and ZEN are 30.13 ng/mL and 76.63 ng/mL respectively. Additionally, ZEN may have a synergistic effect on enhancing AP-1 activity of the toxicity pathway of DON. These data indicate the high sensitivity and effectiveness of our biosensor system in the evaluation of the combined toxicity of ZEN, DON and their derivatives. In addition, this approach is suitable for an early warning method for the detection of ZEN and DON family mycotoxins contamination without higher-priced, conventional analytical chemistry methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science of Jiangnan University, School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Wenshu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science of Jiangnan University, School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Chao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science of Jiangnan University, School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Jiadi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science of Jiangnan University, School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science of Jiangnan University, School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Yinzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science of Jiangnan University, School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Xiulan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science of Jiangnan University, School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
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Stoehr LC, Endes C, Radauer-Preiml I, Boyles MSP, Casals E, Balog S, Pesch M, Petri-Fink A, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Himly M, Clift MJD, Duschl A. Assessment of a panel of interleukin-8 reporter lung epithelial cell lines to monitor the pro-inflammatory response following zinc oxide nanoparticle exposure under different cell culture conditions. Part Fibre Toxicol 2015; 12:29. [PMID: 26415698 PMCID: PMC4587722 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-015-0104-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stably transfected lung epithelial reporter cell lines pose an advantageous alternative to replace complex experimental techniques to monitor the pro-inflammatory response following nanoparticle (NP) exposure. Previously, reporter cell lines have been used under submerged culture conditions, however, their potential usefulness in combination with air-liquid interface (ALI) exposures is currently unknown. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare a panel of interleukin-8 promoter (pIL8)-reporter cell lines (i.e. green or red fluorescent protein (GFP, RFP), and luciferase (Luc)), originating from A549 lung epithelial type II-like cells cells, following NPs exposure under both submerged and ALI conditions. METHODS All cell lines were exposed to zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs at 0.6 and 6.2 μg/cm(2) for 3 and 16 hours under both submerged and ALI conditions. Following physicochemical characterization, the cytotoxic profile of the ZnO-NPs was determined for each exposure scenario. Expression of IL-8 from all cell types was analyzed at the promoter level and compared to the mRNA (qRT-PCR) and protein level (ELISA). RESULTS In summary, each reporter cell line detected acute pro-inflammatory effects following ZnO exposure under each condition tested. The pIL8-Luc cell line was the most sensitive in terms of reporter signal strength and onset velocity following TNF-α treatment. Both pIL8-GFP and pIL8-RFP also showed a marked signal induction in response to TNF-α, although only after 16 hrs. In terms of ZnO-NP-induced cytotoxicity pIL8-RFP cells were the most affected, whilst the pIL8-Luc were found the least responsive. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the use of fluorescence-based reporter cell lines can provide a useful tool in screening the pro-inflammatory response following NP exposure in both submerged and ALI cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda C Stoehr
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria. .,Grimm Aerosol Technik GmbH & Co. KG, Ainring, Germany.
| | - Carola Endes
- BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, Université de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Isabella Radauer-Preiml
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Matthew S P Boyles
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Eudald Casals
- Institut Català de Nanotecnologia (ICN), Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Sandor Balog
- Soft Matter Scattering, Adolphe Merkle Institute, Université de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Markus Pesch
- Grimm Aerosol Technik GmbH & Co. KG, Ainring, Germany.
| | - Alke Petri-Fink
- BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, Université de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | | | - Martin Himly
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Martin J D Clift
- BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, Université de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Albert Duschl
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
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Wegener J. Cell-Based Microarrays for In Vitro Toxicology. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2015; 8:335-358. [PMID: 26077916 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071213-020051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
DNA/RNA and protein microarrays have proven their outstanding bioanalytical performance throughout the past decades, given the unprecedented level of parallelization by which molecular recognition assays can be performed and analyzed. Cell microarrays (CMAs) make use of similar construction principles. They are applied to profile a given cell population with respect to the expression of specific molecular markers and also to measure functional cell responses to drugs and chemicals. This review focuses on the use of cell-based microarrays for assessing the cytotoxicity of drugs, toxins, or chemicals in general. It also summarizes CMA construction principles with respect to the cell types that are used for such microarrays, the readout parameters to assess toxicity, and the various formats that have been established and applied. The review ends with a critical comparison of CMAs and well-established microtiter plate (MTP) approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Wegener
- Institute for Analytical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany;
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