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Yan Z, Shan L, Cheng S, Yu Z, Wei Z, Wang H, Sun H, Yang B, Shu J, Li Z. A Simple High-Flux Switchable VUV Lamp Based on an Electrodeless Fluorescent Lamp for SPI/PAI Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2023; 95:11859-11867. [PMID: 37474253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Single-photon ionization (SPI) is a unique soft ionization technique for organic analysis. A convenient high-flux vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light source is a key precondition for wide application of SPI techniques. In this study, we present a novel VUV lamp by simply modifying an ordinary electrodeless fluorescent lamp. By replacing the glass bulb with a stainless steel bulb and introducing 5% Kr/He (v/v) as the excitation gas, an excellent VUV photon flux over 4.0 × 1014 photons s-1 was obtained. Due to its rapid glow characteristics, the VUV lamp can be switched on and off instantly as required by detection, ensuring the stability and service life of the lamp. To demonstrate the performance of the new lamp, the switchable VUV lamp was coupled with an SPI-mass spectrometer, which could be changed to photoinduced associative ionization (PAI) mode by doping gaseous CH2Cl2 to initiate an associative ionization reaction. Two types of volatile organic compounds sensitive to SPI and PAI, typically benzene series and oxygenated organics, respectively, were selected as samples. The instrument exhibited a high detection sensitivity for the tested compounds. With a measurement time of 11 s, the 3σ limits of detection ranged from 0.33 to 0.75 pptv in SPI mode and from 0.03 to 0.12 pptv in PAI mode. This study provides an extremely simple method to assemble a VUV lamp with many merits, e.g., portability, robustness, durability, low cost, and high flux. The VUV lamp may contribute to the development of SPI-related highly sensitive detection technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitao Yan
- Research Center for Environmental Material and Pollution Control Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Shan
- Research Center for Environmental Material and Pollution Control Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Cheng
- Research Center for Environmental Material and Pollution Control Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangqi Yu
- Research Center for Environmental Material and Pollution Control Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyang Wei
- Research Center for Environmental Material and Pollution Control Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijie Wang
- Research Center for Environmental Material and Pollution Control Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
| | - Haohang Sun
- Research Center for Environmental Material and Pollution Control Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yang
- Research Center for Environmental Material and Pollution Control Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinian Shu
- Research Center for Environmental Material and Pollution Control Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Li
- Research Center for Environmental Material and Pollution Control Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
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Dang M, Liu R, Dong F, Liu B, Hou K. Vacuum ultraviolet photoionization on-line mass spectrometry: instrumentation developments and applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Wan N, Jiang J, Hu F, Chen P, Zhu K, Deng D, Xie Y, Wu C, Hua L, Li H. Nonuniform Electric Field-Enhanced In-Source Declustering in High-Pressure Photoionization/Photoionization-Induced Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Operando Catalytic Reaction Monitoring. Anal Chem 2021; 93:2207-2214. [PMID: 33410328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Photoionization mass spectrometry (PI-MS) is a powerful and highly sensitive analytical technique for online monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, due to the large difference of PI cross sections for different compounds and the limitation of photon energy, the ability of lamp-based PI-MS for detection of compounds with low PI cross sections and high ionization energies (IEs) is insufficient. Although the ion production rate can be improved by elevating the ion source pressure, the problem of generating plenty of cluster ions, such as [MH]+·(H2O)n (n = 1 and 2) and [M2]+, needs be solved. In this work, we developed a new nonuniform electric field high-pressure photoionization/photoionization-induced chemical ionization (NEF-HPPI/PICI) source with the abilities of both HPPI and PICI, which was accomplished through ion-molecule reactions with high-intensity H3O+ reactant ions generated by photoelectron ionization (PEI) of water molecules. By establishing a nonuniform electric field in a three-zone ionization region to enhance in-source declustering and using 99.999% helium as the carrier gas, not only the formation of cluster ions was significantly diminished, but the ion transmission efficiency was also improved. Consequently, the main characteristic ion for each analyte both in HPPI and PICI occupied more than 80%, especially [HCOOH·H]+ with a yield ratio of 99.2% for formic acid. The analytical capacity of this system was demonstrated by operando monitoring the hydrocarbons and oxygenated VOC products during the methanol-to-olefins and methane conversion catalytic reaction processes, exhibiting wide potential applications in process monitoring, reaction mechanism research, and online quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningbo Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jichun Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Hu
- Henan Medical Instruments Testing Institute, 79 Xiongerhe Road, Zhengzhou 450018, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaixin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Dehui Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxin Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Hua
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People's Republic of China
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Chen X, Hua L, Jiang J, Hu F, Wan N, Li H. Multi-capillary column high-pressure photoionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and its application for online rapid analysis of flavor compounds. Talanta 2019; 201:33-39. [PMID: 31122430 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.03.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
High-pressure photoionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPPI-TOFMS) is a versatile and highly sensitive analytical technique for online and real-time analysis of trace volatile organic compounds in complex mixtures. However, discrimination of isomers is usually a great challenge for the soft ionization method, and matrix effect is also inevitable under high pressure in the HPPI source. In this work, we describe a first attempt to develop a two-dimensional (2D) hyphenated instrument by coupling of a multi-capillary column (MCC) with a HPPI-TOFMS to overcome these problems. The capability of the MCC-HPPI-TOFMS for discrimination of isomeric compounds and elimination of the matrix effect was demonstrated by analyzing flavor mixtures. With the merits of fast separation, soft ionization and high detection sensitivity, satisfactory effects in the 2D analysis were achieved, despite the relatively low chromatographic resolution of MCC. As a result, three isomers, eucalyptol, l-menthone and linalool, in a flavor mixture were successfully categorized within 90 s, and the matrix effect caused by solvent ethanol was significantly eliminated as well. The limits of detection (LODs) down to sub-ppbv level were achieved for the investigated five flavor compounds without any enrichment process, and an excellent repeatability was obtained with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of signal intensities ≤5%. The MCC-HPPI-TOFMS system was preliminarily applied for rapid and online analysis of flavor compounds in the exhaled gas of a volunteer after mouth rinsing with a gargle product. The rapid changes of the three flavor compounds, as well as the steady endogenous metabolite acetone, in the exhaled gas were successfully determined with a time-resolution of only 1.5 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei Hua
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jichun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Hu
- Henan Province Medical Instrument Testing Institute, 79 Xiongerhe Road, Zhengzhou, 450018, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningbo Wan
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, People's Republic of China
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Li Q, Hua L, Xie Y, Jiang J, Li H, Hou K, Tian D, Li H. Single photon ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry with a windowless RF-discharge lamp for high temporal resolution monitoring of the initial stage of methanol-to-olefins reaction. Analyst 2019; 144:1104-1109. [PMID: 30480677 DOI: 10.1039/c8an01840e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Methanol-to-olefins (MTO) is a very important industrial catalysis technique for the production of light olefins, which is of great economic value and strategic significance. However, it is a great challenge for the traditional analytical methods to obtain the real-time information of product variation during MTO reaction process, which is vital for the conversion process research and mechanism explanation. In this study, a single photon ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SPI-TOFMS) based on a windowless RF-discharge (WLRF) lamp was developed for real-time measurement of catalytic product during the initial stage of MTO reaction. The vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photon energy was easily adjusted by changing the discharge gas. Argon (Ar) gas was eventually adopted as the discharge gas, since it produces photons with appropriate energy of 11.6 eV and 11.8 eV for ionization of light olefin molecules. The detection sensitivities of ethylene and propylene were largely improved to a substantially similar level with limits of detection (LODs) down to 16.98 and 9.64 ppbv, respectively. The initial stage of MTO reaction was real-time monitored with a high temporal resolution of 0.5 s, revealing that ethylene was the first olefin product followed by propylene. The successful application of WLRF-SPI-TOFMS in the monitoring of MTO catalytic process indicated broad application prospects of this instrument in the industrial reaction process monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- QingYun Li
- College of Instrumentation & Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China.
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Wang Y, Hua L, Li Q, Jiang J, Hou K, Wu C, Li H. Direct Detection of Small n-Alkanes at Sub-ppbv Level by Photoelectron-Induced O2+ Cation Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry at kPa Pressure. Anal Chem 2018; 90:5398-5404. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Hua
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingyun Li
- College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jichun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Keyong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People’s Republic of China
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Wu Q, Tian Y, Li A, Andrews D, Hawkins AR, Austin DE. A Miniaturized Linear Wire Ion Trap with Electron Ionization and Single Photon Ionization Sources. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:859-865. [PMID: 28144897 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1607-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A linear wire ion trap (LWIT) with both electron ionization (EI) and single photon ionization (SPI) sources was built. The SPI was provided by a vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) lamp with the ability to softly ionize organic compounds. The VUV lamp was driven by a pulse amplifier, which was controlled by a pulse generator, to avoid the detection of photons during ion detection. Sample gas was introduced through a leak valve, and the pressure in the system is shown to affect the signal-to-noise ratio and resolving power. Under optimized conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) for benzene was 80 ppbv using SPI, better than the LOD using EI (137 ppbv). System performance was demonstrated by distinguishing compounds in different classes from gasoline. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghao Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Ailin Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Derek Andrews
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Aaron R Hawkins
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Daniel E Austin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
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Liu C, Zhu Y, Yang J, Zhao W, Lu D, Pan Y. Effects of Solvent and Ion Source Pressure on the Analysis of Anabolic Steroids by Low Pressure Photoionization Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:724-728. [PMID: 28120300 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1581-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Solvent and ion source pressure were two important factors relating to the photon induced ion-molecule reactions in low pressure photoionization (LPPI). In this work, four anabolic steroids were analyzed by LPPI mass spectrometry. Both the ion species present and their relative abundances could be controlled by switching the solvent and adjusting the ion source pressure. Whereas M•+, MH+, [M - H2O]+, and solvent adducts were observed in positive LPPI, [M - H]- and various oxidation products were abundant in negative LPPI. Changing the solvent greatly affected formation of the ion species in both positive and negative ion modes. The ion intensities of the solvent adduct and oxygen adduct were selectively enhanced when the ion source pressure was elevated from 68 to 800 Pa. The limit of detection could be decreased by increasing the ion source pressure. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyuan Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, China
| | - Yanan Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, China
| | - Jiuzhong Yang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, China
| | - Wan Zhao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, China
| | - Deen Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Yang Pan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, China.
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Online monitoring of trace chlorinated benzenes in flue gas of municipal solid waste incinerator by windowless VUV lamp single photon ionization TOFMS coupled with automatic enrichment system. Talanta 2016; 161:693-699. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Lu Y, Yang Y, Zhang T, Ge Z, Chang H, Xiao P, Xie Y, Hua L, Li Q, Li H, Ma B, Guan N, Ma Y, Chen Y. Photoprompted Hot Electrons from Bulk Cross-Linked Graphene Materials and Their Efficient Catalysis for Atmospheric Ammonia Synthesis. ACS NANO 2016; 10:10507-10515. [PMID: 27934092 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b06472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia synthesis is the single most important chemical process in industry and has used the successful heterogeneous Haber-Bosch catalyst for over 100 years and requires processing under both high temperature (300-500 °C) and pressure (200-300 atm); thus, it has huge energy costs accounting for about 1-3% of human's energy consumption. Therefore, there has been a long and vigorous exploration to find a milder alternative process. Here, we demonstrate that by using an iron- and graphene-based catalyst, Fe@3DGraphene, hot (ejected) electrons from this composite catalyst induced by visible light in a wide range of wavelength up to red could efficiently facilitate the activation of N2 and generate ammonia with H2 directly at ambient pressure using light (including simulated sun light) illumination directly. No external voltage or electrochemical or any other agent is needed. The production rate increases with increasing light frequency under the same power and with increasing power under the same frequency. The mechanism is confirmed by the detection of the intermediate N2H4 and also with a measured apparent activation energy only ∼1/4 of the iron based Haber-Bosch catalyst. Combined with the morphology control using alumina as the structural promoter, the catalyst retains its activity in a 50 h test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Lu
- School of Chemistry & Material Science, Langfang Teachers University , Langfang 065000, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuanyuan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
| | - Lei Hua
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
| | - Qingyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
| | - Haiyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
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Hou K, Li J, Qu T, Tang B, Zhu L, Huang Y, Li H. Development of a suitcase time-of-flight mass spectrometer for in situ fault diagnosis of SF6 -insulated switchgear by detection of decomposition products. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30 Suppl 1:38-43. [PMID: 27539413 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6 ) gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) is an essential piece of electrical equipment in a substation, and the concentration of the SF6 decomposition products are directly relevant to the security and reliability of the substation. The detection of SF6 decomposition products can be used to diagnosis the condition of the GIS. METHODS The decomposition products of SO2 , SO2 F2 , and SOF2 were selected as indicators for the diagnosis. A suitcase time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS) was designed to perform online GIS failure analysis. An RF VUV lamp was used as the photoelectron ion source; the sampling inlet, ion einzel lens, and vacuum system were well designed to improve the performance. RESULTS The limit of detection (LOD) of SO2 and SO2 F2 within 200 s was 1 ppm, and the sensitivity was estimated to be at least 10-fold more sensitive than the previous design. The high linearity of SO2 , SO2 F2 in the range of 5-100 ppm has excellent linear correlation coefficient R(2) at 0.9951 and 0.9889, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The suitcase TOFMS using orthogonal acceleration and reflecting mass analyzer was developed. It has the size of 663 × 496 × 338 mm and a weight of 34 kg including the battery and consumes only 70 W. The suitcase TOFMS was applied to analyze real decomposition products of SF6 inside a GIS and succeeded in finding out the hidden dangers. The suitcase TOFMS has wide application prospects for establishing an early-warning for the failure of the GIS. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jinxu Li
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Tuanshuai Qu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Bin Tang
- Electric Power Research Institute, Guangxi Power Grid Corporation, Nanning, 530023, China
| | - Liping Zhu
- Electric Power Research Institute, Guangxi Power Grid Corporation, Nanning, 530023, China
| | - Yunguang Huang
- Electric Power Research Institute, Guangxi Power Grid Corporation, Nanning, 530023, China
| | - Haiyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
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Jiang J, Wang Y, Hou K, Hua L, Chen P, Liu W, Xie Y, Li H. Photoionization-Generated Dibromomethane Cation Chemical Ionization Source for Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry and Its Application on Sensitive Detection of Volatile Sulfur Compounds. Anal Chem 2016; 88:5028-32. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jichun Jiang
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan
Road, Dalian, 116023, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan
Road, Dalian, 116023, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Keyong Hou
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan
Road, Dalian, 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Hua
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan
Road, Dalian, 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan
Road, Dalian, 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan
Road, Dalian, 116023, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan
Road, Dalian, 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Li
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan
Road, Dalian, 116023, People’s Republic of China
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Xie Y, Chen P, Hua L, Hou K, Wang Y, Wang H, Li H. Rapid Identification and Quantification of Linear Olefin Isomers by Online Ozonolysis-Single Photon Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2016; 27:144-152. [PMID: 26272248 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-015-1238-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The specific locations of the double bonds in linear olefins can facilitate olefin catalytic synthetic reactions to improve the quality of target olefin products. We developed a simple and efficient approach based on single photon ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SPI-TOFMS) combined with online ozonolysis to identify and quantify the linear olefin double bond positional isomers. The online ozonolysis cleaved the olefins at the double bond positions that led to formation of corresponding characteristic aldehydes. The aldehydes were then detected by SPI-TOFMS to achieve unique spectrometric "fingerprints" for each linear olefin to successfully identify the isomeric ones. To accurately quantify the isomeric components in olefin mixtures, an algorithm was proposed to quantify three isomeric olefin mixtures based on characteristic ion intensities and their equivalent ionization coefficients. The relative concentration errors for the olefin components were lower than 2.5% while the total analysis time was less than 2 min. These results demonstrate that the online ozonolysis SPI-TOFMS has the potential for real-time monitoring of catalytic olefin synthetic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Hua
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Keyong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongchao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Jiangsu Province Institute of Quality and Safety Engineering, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China.
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He S, Cui H, Lai Y, Sun C, Luo S, Li H, Seshan K. A temperature-programmed reaction/single-photon ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry system for rapid investigation of gas–solid heterogeneous catalytic reactions under realistic reaction conditions. Catal Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy01550b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A new TPRn/SPI-TOF-MS system for rapid investigation of realistic gas–solid heterogeneous catalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songbo He
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian
- PR China
| | - Huapeng Cui
- Laboratory for Rapid Separation and Detection
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian
- PR China
| | - Yulong Lai
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian
- PR China
| | - Chenglin Sun
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian
- PR China
| | - Sha Luo
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian
- PR China
| | - Haiyang Li
- Laboratory for Rapid Separation and Detection
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian
- PR China
| | - K. Seshan
- Catalytic Processes and Materials
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology
- University of Twente
- 7500 AE Enschede
- The Netherlands
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