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Singh JP, Paidi AK, Chae KH, Lee S, Ahn D. Synchrotron radiation based X-ray techniques for analysis of cathodes in Li rechargeable batteries. RSC Adv 2022; 12:20360-20378. [PMID: 35919598 PMCID: PMC9277717 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01250b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Li-ion rechargeable batteries are promising systems for large-scale energy storage solutions. Understanding the electrochemical process in the cathodes of these batteries using suitable techniques is one of the crucial steps for developing them as next-generation energy storage devices. Due to the broad energy range, synchrotron X-ray techniques provide a better option for characterizing the cathodes compared to the conventional laboratory-scale characterization instruments. This work gives an overview of various synchrotron radiation techniques for analyzing cathodes of Li-rechargeable batteries by depicting instrumental details of X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray imaging, and X-ray near-edge fine structure-imaging. Analysis and simulation procedures to get appropriate information of structural order, local electronic/atomic structure, chemical phase mapping and pores in cathodes are discussed by taking examples of various cathode materials. Applications of these synchrotron techniques are also explored to investigate oxidation state, metal-oxygen hybridization, quantitative local atomic structure, Ni oxidation phase and pore distribution in Ni-rich layered oxide cathodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Pal Singh
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang-37673 Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Manav Rachna University Faridabad-121004 Haryana India
| | - Anil Kumar Paidi
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang-37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Hwa Chae
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul-02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Sangsul Lee
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang-37673 Republic of Korea
- Xavisoptics Pohang-37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Docheon Ahn
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang-37673 Republic of Korea
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Marini C, Roqué-Rosell J, Campeny M, Toutounchiavval S, Simonelli L. MAP2XANES: a Jupyter interactive notebook for elemental mapping and XANES speciation. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2021; 28:1245-1252. [PMID: 34212890 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521003593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
MAP2XANES is an intuitive Jupyter notebook that automatizes the analysis of synchrotron X-ray fluorescence imaging and X-ray absorption spectroscopy for the characterization of complex and heterogeneous samples. The notebook uses basic modules and functions from Numpy, Scipy, Pandas, iPywidgets and Matplotlib libraries for a powerful data reduction process that, in just a few clicks, guides the user through the visualization of elemental maps, space-resolved absorption spectra and their automatized analysis. In particular, by means of linear combination fit of the XANES spectra, the notebook determines the chemical species distribution in the sample under investigation. The direct output of the analysis process is the correlation between the different elemental distributions and the spatial localization of the chemical species detected. An application to mineralogy is thus presented, analyzing the Mn2+, Mn3+ and Mn4+ distribution in a mineral sample of hausmannite (Mn2+Mn23+O4), courtesy of the Museum of Natural Science of Barcelona.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Marini
- ALBA Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08290, Spain
| | - Josep Roqué-Rosell
- Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Marc Campeny
- Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona, Passeig Picasso s/n, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Shiva Toutounchiavval
- Departament d'Arquitectura de Computadors, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) BARCELONATECH, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Laura Simonelli
- ALBA Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08290, Spain
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3
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Cohen SX, Webb SM, Gueriau P, Curis E, Bertrand L. Robust framework and software implementation for fast speciation mapping. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2020; 27:1049-1058. [PMID: 33566015 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520005822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
One of the greatest benefits of synchrotron radiation is the ability to perform chemical speciation analysis through X-ray absorption spectroscopies (XAS). XAS imaging of large sample areas can be performed with either full-field or raster-scanning modalities. A common practice to reduce acquisition time while decreasing dose and/or increasing spatial resolution is to compare X-ray fluorescence images collected at a few diagnostic energies. Several authors have used different multivariate data processing strategies to establish speciation maps. In this manuscript, the theoretical aspects and assumptions that are often made in the analysis of these datasets are focused on. A robust framework is developed to perform speciation mapping in large bulk samples at high spatial resolution by comparison with known references. Two fully operational software implementations are provided: a user-friendly implementation within the MicroAnalysis Toolkit software, and a dedicated script developed under the R environment. The procedure is exemplified through the study of a cross section of a typical fossil specimen. The algorithm provides accurate speciation and concentration mapping while decreasing the data collection time by typically two or three orders of magnitude compared with the collection of whole spectra at each pixel. Whereas acquisition of spectral datacubes on large areas leads to very high irradiation times and doses, which can considerably lengthen experiments and generate significant alteration of radiation-sensitive materials, this sparse excitation energy procedure brings the total irradiation dose greatly below radiation damage thresholds identified in previous studies. This approach is particularly adapted to the chemical study of heterogeneous radiation-sensitive samples encountered in environmental, material, and life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge X Cohen
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Ministère de la Culture, UVSQ, IPANEMA, F-91192 Saint-Aubin, France
| | - Samuel M Webb
- Stanford Radiation Lightsource (SSRL), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Pierre Gueriau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Ministère de la Culture, UVSQ, IPANEMA, F-91192 Saint-Aubin, France
| | - Emmanuel Curis
- Laboratoire de Biomathématiques, EA 7537 - BioSTM, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris - Université Paris Descartes, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Loïc Bertrand
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Ministère de la Culture, UVSQ, IPANEMA, F-91192 Saint-Aubin, France
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Zhao W, Hirano K, Sakurai K. Expanding a polarized synchrotron beam for full-field x-ray fluorescence imaging. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:113704. [PMID: 31779452 DOI: 10.1063/1.5115421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Full-field x-ray fluorescence (XRF) imaging is an efficient technique for investigating element composition of a sample and the corresponding spatial distribution. Eliminating scattering x-rays is important for visualizing diluted/trace elements clearly. However, using the linear polarization of synchrotron radiation to remove scattering in full-field XRF imaging has not been feasible for many years because a synchrotron beam is inherently narrow in the direction perpendicular to the polarization and a large imaging area and a low scattering background cannot be simultaneously achieved. In this study, the trade-off was solved by expanding a synchrotron beam in the direction perpendicular to the polarization using an asymmetric-cut Si crystal. Large areas of samples were illuminated. In addition, a collimator plate, which only transmitted scattering x-rays that spread in the polarization direction, was used for imaging. Therefore, the detected scattering intensity was low. The present full-field XRF imaging scheme with a size-expanded polarized synchrotron beam is well suited for visualizing diluted/trace elements. It could be extended to x-ray absorption edge fine structure imaging for analyzing the chemical state of diluted/trace elements in inhomogeneous samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyang Zhao
- University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0006, Japan
| | - Keiichi Hirano
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1, Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakurai
- University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0006, Japan
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Tack P, Bazi B, Vekemans B, Okbinoglu T, Van Maldeghem F, Goderis S, Schöder S, Vincze L. Investigation of (micro-)meteoritic materials at the new hard X-ray imaging PUMA beamline for heritage sciences. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:2033-2039. [PMID: 31721748 DOI: 10.1107/s160057751901230x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
At the French synchrotron facility SOLEIL, a new X-ray imaging facility PUMA (Photons Utilisés pour les Matériaux Anciens) has been made available to scientific communities studying materials from cultural heritage. This new instrument aims to achieve 2D and 3D imaging with microscopic resolution, applying different analytical techniques including X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), X-ray diffraction and phase-contrast imaging. In order to discover its capabilities a detailed analytical characterization of this beamline as an analytical and imaging tool is deemed necessary. In this work, (confocal) XRF and XAS analyses are demonstrated using the Seymchan pallasite meteorite and an Antarctic unmelted micrometeorite as case studies. The obtained spatial resolution (2 µm × 3 µm) and sensitivity (detection limits <10 p.p.m. for 1 s acquisition at 18 keV) show that PUMA is a competitive state-of-the-art beamline, providing several high-profile and high-in-demand analytical methods while maintaining applicability towards a wide range of heritage-oriented sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Tack
- Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S12, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Bazi
- Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S12, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Vekemans
- Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S12, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tulin Okbinoglu
- PUMA beamline, Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin BP48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Flore Van Maldeghem
- Analytical-, Environmental- and Geo-chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Steven Goderis
- Analytical-, Environmental- and Geo-chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sebastian Schöder
- PUMA beamline, Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin BP48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Laszlo Vincze
- Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S12, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Pan Y, Hu L, Zhao T. Applications of chemical imaging techniques in paleontology. Natl Sci Rev 2019; 6:1040-1053. [PMID: 34691967 PMCID: PMC8291642 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwy107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical imaging techniques, based on a combination of microscopy and spectroscopy, are designed to analyse the composition and spatial distribution of heterogeneous chemical complexes within a sample. Over the last few decades, it has become an increasingly popular tool for characterizing trace elements, isotopic information and organic biomarkers (molecular biosignatures) found in fossils. Here, we introduce the analytical principle of each technique and the interpretation of the chemical signals, followed by a review of the main applications of these techniques in paleontology. We also demonstrate that each technique is associated with pros and cons, and the current limitations and obstacles associated with the use of each specific technique should be taken into account before being applied to fossil samples. Finally, we propose that, due to the rapid advances in the available technology and overall trends towards more multi-disciplinary studies in paleontology, chemical imaging techniques can be expected to have broader applications in paleontology in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Economic Stratigraphy and Palaeogeography, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Liang Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Economic Stratigraphy and Palaeogeography, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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Porcaro F, Roudeau S, Carmona A, Ortega R. Advances in element speciation analysis of biomedical samples using synchrotron-based techniques. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Tack P, Vekemans B, Laforce B, Rudloff-Grund J, Hernández WY, Garrevoet J, Falkenberg G, Brenker F, Van Der Voort P, Vincze L. Application toward Confocal Full-Field Microscopic X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2017; 89:2123-2130. [PMID: 28208240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Using X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy, information on the local chemical structure and oxidation state of an element of interest can be acquired. Conventionally, this information can be obtained in a spatially resolved manner by scanning a sample through a focused X-ray beam. Recently, full-field methods have been developed to obtain direct 2D chemical state information by imaging a large sample area. These methods are usually in transmission mode, thus restricting the use to thin and transmitting samples. Here, a fluorescence method is displayed using an energy-dispersive pnCCD detector, the SLcam, characterized by measurement times far superior to what is generally applicable. Additionally, this method operates in confocal mode, thus providing direct 3D spatially resolved chemical state information from a selected subvolume of a sample, without the need of rotating a sample. The method is applied to two samples: a gold-supported magnesia catalyst (Au/MgO) and a natural diamond containing Fe-rich inclusions. Both samples provide XANES spectra that can be overlapped with reference XANES spectra, allowing this method to be used for fingerprinting and linear combination analysis of known XANES reference compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Tack
- XMI, Department of Analytical Chemisty, Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 S12, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Vekemans
- XMI, Department of Analytical Chemisty, Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 S12, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Brecht Laforce
- XMI, Department of Analytical Chemisty, Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 S12, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jennifer Rudloff-Grund
- Geoscience Institute-Mineralogy, Goethe University , Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Willinton Y Hernández
- Comoc, Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Garrevoet
- Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, Photon Science , Notkestr 85, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerald Falkenberg
- Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, Photon Science , Notkestr 85, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Brenker
- Geoscience Institute-Mineralogy, Goethe University , Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Pascal Van Der Voort
- Comoc, Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laszlo Vincze
- XMI, Department of Analytical Chemisty, Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 S12, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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