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Liao S, Liu XL, Manz KE, Pennell KD, Novak J, Santos E, Huang Y. Comprehensive analysis of alkenones by reversed-phase HPLC-MS with unprecedented selectivity, linearity and sensitivity. Talanta 2023; 260:124653. [PMID: 37178676 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Alkenones are among the most widely used paleotemperature biomarkers. Traditionally, alkenones are analyzed using gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID), or GC-chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (GC-CI-MS). However, these methods encounter considerable challenges for samples that exhibit matrix interference or low concentrations, with GC-FID requiring tedious sample preparations and GC-CI-MS suffering from nonlinear response and a narrow linear dynamic range. Here we demonstrate that reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) methods provide excellent resolution, selectivity, linearity and sensitivity for alkenones in complex matrices. We systematically compared the advantages and limitations of three mass detectors (quadrupole, Orbitrap, and quadrupole-time of flight) and two ionization modes (electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI)) for alkenone analyses. We demonstrate that ESI performs better than APCI as response factors of various unsaturated alkenones are similar. Among the three mass analyzers tested, orbitrap MS provided the lowest limit of detection (0.4, 3.8 and 8.6 pg injected masses for Orbitrap, qTOF and single quadrupole MS, respectively) and the widest linear dynamic range (600, 20 and 30 folds for Orbitrap, qTOF and single quadrupole MS, respectively). Single quadrupole MS operated in ESI mode provides accurate quantification of proxy measurements over a wide range of injection masses, and with its modest instrument cost, represents an ideal method for routine applications. Analysis of global core-top sediment samples confirmed the efficacy of HPLC-MS methods for the detection and quantification of paleotemperature proxies based on alkenones and their superiority over GC-based methods. The analytical method demonstrated in this study should also allow highly sensitive analyses of diverse aliphatic ketones in complex matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sian Liao
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Xiao-Lei Liu
- School of Geosciences, University of Oklahoma, 100 E. Boyd Street, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Katherine E Manz
- School of Engineering, Brown University, 345 Brook Street, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Kurt D Pennell
- School of Engineering, Brown University, 345 Brook Street, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Joseph Novak
- Ocean Sciences Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Ewerton Santos
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Yongsong Huang
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
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Berton G, Pizzini S, Fabris F, Bertolin T, Pafumi E, Ceccon L, Daelemans J, Borsato G, Scarso A, Piazza R, Ferretti P. Synthesis of C
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‐Alkenones for Past Climate Reconstructions. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Berton
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi Università Ca' Foscari Venezia Via Torino 155 30172 Mestre VE Italy
| | - Sarah Pizzini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali Informatica e Statistica Università Ca' Foscari Venezia Via Torino 155 30172 Mestre VE Italy
- Istituto per la Dinamica dei Processi Ambientali Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR‐IDPA) Via Torino 155 30172 Mestre VE Italy
| | - Fabrizio Fabris
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi Università Ca' Foscari Venezia Via Torino 155 30172 Mestre VE Italy
| | - Tommaso Bertolin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi Università Ca' Foscari Venezia Via Torino 155 30172 Mestre VE Italy
| | - Eugenia Pafumi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi Università Ca' Foscari Venezia Via Torino 155 30172 Mestre VE Italy
| | - Leonardo Ceccon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi Università Ca' Foscari Venezia Via Torino 155 30172 Mestre VE Italy
| | - Jonas Daelemans
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Antwerpen University Groenenborgerlaan 17 2020 Antwerpen Belgium
| | - Giuseppe Borsato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi Università Ca' Foscari Venezia Via Torino 155 30172 Mestre VE Italy
| | - Alessandro Scarso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi Università Ca' Foscari Venezia Via Torino 155 30172 Mestre VE Italy
| | - Rossano Piazza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali Informatica e Statistica Università Ca' Foscari Venezia Via Torino 155 30172 Mestre VE Italy
| | - Patrizia Ferretti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali Informatica e Statistica Università Ca' Foscari Venezia Via Torino 155 30172 Mestre VE Italy
- Istituto per la Dinamica dei Processi Ambientali Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR‐IDPA) Via Torino 155 30172 Mestre VE Italy
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de Bar MW, Hopmans EC, Verweij M, Dorhout DJ, Damsté JSS, Schouten S. Development and comparison of chromatographic methods for the analysis of long chain diols and alkenones in biological materials and sediment. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1521:150-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lamy F, Gersonde R, Winckler G, Esper O, Jaeschke A, Kuhn G, Ullermann J, Martinez-Garcia A, Lambert F, Kilian R. Increased dust deposition in the Pacific Southern Ocean during glacial periods. Science 2014; 343:403-7. [PMID: 24458637 DOI: 10.1126/science.1245424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Dust deposition in the Southern Ocean constitutes a critical modulator of past global climate variability, but how it has varied temporally and geographically is underdetermined. Here, we present data sets of glacial-interglacial dust-supply cycles from the largest Southern Ocean sector, the polar South Pacific, indicating three times higher dust deposition during glacial periods than during interglacials for the past million years. Although the most likely dust source for the South Pacific is Australia and New Zealand, the glacial-interglacial pattern and timing of lithogenic sediment deposition is similar to dust records from Antarctica and the South Atlantic dominated by Patagonian sources. These similarities imply large-scale common climate forcings, such as latitudinal shifts of the southern westerlies and regionally enhanced glaciogenic dust mobilization in New Zealand and Patagonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lamy
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut (AWI) Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
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5
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De Schepper S, Groeneveld J, Naafs BDA, Van Renterghem C, Hennissen J, Head MJ, Louwye S, Fabian K. Northern hemisphere glaciation during the globally warm early Late Pliocene. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81508. [PMID: 24349081 PMCID: PMC3861316 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The early Late Pliocene (3.6 to ∼3.0 million years ago) is the last extended interval in Earth's history when atmospheric CO2 concentrations were comparable to today's and global climate was warmer. Yet a severe global glaciation during marine isotope stage (MIS) M2 interrupted this phase of global warmth ∼3.30 million years ago, and is seen as a premature attempt of the climate system to establish an ice-age world. Here we propose a conceptual model for the glaciation and deglaciation of MIS M2 based on geochemical and palynological records from five marine sediment cores along a Caribbean to eastern North Atlantic transect. Our records show that increased Pacific-to-Atlantic flow via the Central American Seaway weakened the North Atlantic Current and attendant northward heat transport prior to MIS M2. The consequent cooling of the northern high latitude oceans permitted expansion of the continental ice sheets during MIS M2, despite near-modern atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Sea level drop during this glaciation halted the inflow of Pacific water to the Atlantic via the Central American Seaway, allowing the build-up of a Caribbean Warm Pool. Once this warm pool was large enough, the Gulf Stream-North Atlantic Current system was reinvigorated, leading to significant northward heat transport that terminated the glaciation. Before and after MIS M2, heat transport via the North Atlantic Current was crucial in maintaining warm climates comparable to those predicted for the end of this century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn De Schepper
- Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Geosciences Department, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Jeroen Groeneveld
- MARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - B. David A Naafs
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | | | - Jan Hennissen
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin J. Head
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Earth Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen Louwye
- Research Unit Palaeontology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karl Fabian
- Norwegian Geological Survey, Trondheim, Norway
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