1
|
Lin Q, Sun J, Wang Y, Ye M, Cheng H. Rapid determination of aldehydes in food by high-throughput reactive paper spray ionization mass spectrometry. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
2
|
Freitas D, Chen X, Cheng H, Davis A, Fallon B, Yan X. Recent Advances of In-Source Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry. Chempluschem 2021; 86:434-445. [PMID: 33689239 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hyphenation of electrochemistry (EC) and mass spectrometry has become a powerful tool to study redox processes. Approaches that can achieve this hyphenation include integrating chromatography/electrophoresis between electroinduced redox reactions and detection of products, coupling an EC flow cell to a mass spectrometer, and performing electrochemical reactions inside the ion source of a mass spectrometer. The first two approaches have been well reviewed elsewhere. This Minireview highlights the inherent electrochemical properties of many mass spectrometry ion sources and their roles in the coupling of electrochemistry and mass spectrometric analysis. Development of modified ion sources that allow the compatibility of electrochemistry with ionization processes is also surveyed. Applications of different in-source electrochemical devices are provided including intermediate capturing, bioanalytical studies, nanoparticle formation, electrosynthesis, and electrode imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dallas Freitas
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross St., College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross St., College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Heyong Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross St., College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Austin Davis
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross St., College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Blake Fallon
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross St., College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross St., College Station, TX 77843, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhu H, Huang G. High-throughput paper spray mass spectrometry via induced voltage. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33:392-398. [PMID: 30394606 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Paper spray (PS) has been developed as a method of choice for point-of-care analysis in many real cases, where its applications can be further expanded with delicate high-throughput design. To achieve this goal, we developed a new PS regime, with the assembly of an induced high voltage into the ion source. Compared with regular DC high voltage, the newly developed setup is capable of high-throughput, simple configuration and rapid switching between individual papers without complicated electric/mechanic design. METHODS A device of high-throughput induced PS (IPS) was designed by using a two-dimensional (2D) rotating platform equipped with a circular glass plate. The paper substrate was placed on the circular glass plate and separated from the electrode. The method avoids physical contact between the electrode and the sample. Charged droplets were generated at the paper tip once an induced high voltage was applied to a wet paper. RESULTS A relatively rapid analytical speed of 2.6 s per sample was achieved via IPS-MS. Rapid quantification of amitriptyline (AMT) in complicated matrices was obtained within 1 min using an isotope internal standard method. Limits of detection for AMt in urine, FBS and blood were calculated to be 1.04, 0.84 and 1.33 ng/mL, respectively. In addition, high-throughput IPS-MS can be used for chemical reaction monitoring. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated the versatility of high-throughput IPS-MS in ambient ionization, which successfully simplified the experimental installation and facilitated the experimental operation. Therefore, we believe that high-throughput IPS-MS analysis will be widely used for discovering drugs and screening reactions, and the present design has the potential for applications in paper chip-MS analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haijing Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Guangming Huang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li X, Xu R, Wei X, Hu H, Zhao S, Liu YM. Direct Analysis of Biofluids by Mass Spectrometry with Microfluidic Voltage-Assisted Liquid Desorption Electrospray Ionization. Anal Chem 2017; 89:12014-12022. [PMID: 29065681 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Signal suppression by sample matrix in direct electrospray ionization-mass spectrometric (ESI-MS) analysis hampers its clinical and biomedical applications. We report herein the development of a microfluidic voltage-assisted liquid desorption electrospray ionization (VAL-DESI) source to overcome this limitation. Liquid DESI is achieved for the first time in a microfluidic format. Direct analysis of urine, serum, and cell lysate samples by using the proposed microfluidic VAL-DESI-MS/MS method to detect chemical compounds of biomedical interest, including nucleosides, monoamines, amino acids, and peptides is demonstrated. Analyzing a set of urine samples spiked with dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) showed that the assay had a linear calibration curve with r2 value of 0.997 and a limit of detection of 0.055 μM DOPA. The method was applied to simultaneous quantification of nucleosides, that is, cytidine, adenosine, uridine, thymidine, and guanosine in cell lysates using 8-bromoadenosine as internal standard. Adenosine was found most abundant at 26.5 ± 0.57 nmol/106 cells, while thymidine was least at 3.1 ± 0.31 nmol/106 cells. Interestingly, the ratio of adenosine to deoxyadenosine varied significantly from human red blood cells (1.07 ± 0.06) to cancerous cells, including lymphoblast TK6 (0.52 ± 0.02), skin melanoma C32 (0.82 ± 0.04), and promyelocytic leukemia NB4 cells (0.38 ± 0.06). These results suggest that the VAL-DESI-MS/MS technique has a good potential in direct analysis of biofluids. Further, because of the simplicity in its design and operation, the proposed microfluidic liquid DESI source can be fabricated as a disposable device for point-of-care measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangtang Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University , Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University , Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
| | - Xin Wei
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hankun Hu
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Shulin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University , Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yi-Ming Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University , Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cheng S, Wu Q, Dewald HD, Chen H. Online Monitoring of Methanol Electro-Oxidation Reactions by Ambient Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:1005-1012. [PMID: 27562502 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1450-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Online detection of methanol electro-oxidation reaction products [e.g., formaldehyde (HCHO)] by mass spectrometry (MS) is challenging, owing to the high salt content and extreme pH of the electrolyte solution as well as the difficulty in ionizing the reaction products. Herein we present an online ambient mass spectrometric approach for analyzing HCHO generated from methanol electro-oxidation, taking the advantage of high salt tolerance of desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS). It was found that HCHO can be detected as PhNHNH+=CH2 (m/z 121) by DESI after online derivatization with PhNHNH2. With this approach, the analysis of HCHO from methanol electro-oxidation by MS was carried out not only in acidic condition but also in alkaline media for the first time. Efficiencies of different electrodes for methanol oxidation at different pHs were also evaluated. Our results show that Au electrode produces more HCHO than Pt-based electrodes at alkaline pH, while the latter have higher yields at acidic solution. The presented methodology would be of great value for elucidating fuel cell reaction mechanisms and for screening ideal fuel cell electrode materials. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si Cheng
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Qiuhua Wu
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
- College of Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, China
| | - Howard D Dewald
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.
| | - Hao Chen
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cheng S, Wu Q, Xiao H, Chen H. Online Monitoring of Enzymatic Reactions Using Time-Resolved Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2017; 89:2338-2344. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Si Cheng
- Center
for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States,
| | - Qiuhua Wu
- Center
for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States,
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China
| | - He Xiao
- Center
for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States,
| | - Hao Chen
- Center
for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ma X, Ouyang Z. Ambient ionization and miniature mass spectrometry system for chemical and biological analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2016; 85:10-19. [PMID: 28042191 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ambien ionization and miniaturization of mass spectrometers are two fields in mass spectrometry that have advanced significantly in the last decade. The integration of the techniques developed in these two fields is leading to the development of complete miniature analytical systems that can be used for on-site or point-of-care analysis by non-expert users. In this review, we report the current status of development in ambient ionization and miniature mass spectrometers, with an emphasis on those techniques with potential impact on the point-of-care (POC) diagnostics. The challenges in the future development of the integrated systems are discussed with possible solutions presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Ma
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906
| | - Zheng Ouyang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zheng Q, Chen H. Development and Applications of Liquid Sample Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2016; 9:411-448. [PMID: 27145689 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) is a recent advance in the field of analytical chemistry. This review surveys the development of liquid sample DESI-MS (LS-DESI-MS), a variant form of DESI-MS that focuses on fast analysis of liquid samples, and its novel analy-tical applications in bioanalysis, proteomics, and reaction kinetics. Due to the capability of directly ionizing liquid samples, liquid sample DESI (LS-DESI) has been successfully used to couple MS with various analytical techniques, such as microfluidics, microextraction, electrochemistry, and chromatography. This review also covers these hyphenated techniques. In addition, several closely related ionization methods, including transmission mode DESI, thermally assisted DESI, and continuous flow-extractive DESI, are briefly discussed. The capabilities of LS-DESI extend and/or complement the utilities of traditional DESI and electrospray ionization and will find extensive and valuable analytical application in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Zheng
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701;
| | - Hao Chen
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cheng S, Wang J, Cai Y, Loo JA, Chen H. Enhancing Performance of Liquid Sample Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Using Trap and Capillary Columns. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY 2015; 392:73-79. [PMID: 27239159 PMCID: PMC4878830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijms.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) is a recent and important advance in the field that has extensive applications in surface analysis of solid samples but has also been extended to analysis of liquid samples. The liquid sample DESI typically employs a piece of fused silica capillary to transfer liquid sample for ionization. In this study, we present the improvement of liquid sample DESI-MS by replacing the sample transfer silica capillary with a trap column filled with chromatographic stationary phase materials (e.g., C4, C18). This type of trap column/liquid sample DESI can be used for trace analysis of organics and biomolecules such as proteins/peptides (in nM concentration) in high salt content matrices. Furthermore, when the sample transfer capillary is modified with enzyme covalently bound on its inside capillary wall, fast digestion (< 6 min) of proteins such as phosphoproteins can be achieved and the online digested proteins can be directly ionized using DESI with high sensitivity. The latter is ascribed to the freedom to select favorable spray solvent for the DESI analysis. Our data shows that liquid sample DESI-MS with a modified sample transfer capillary has significantly expanded its utility in bioanalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si Cheng
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA ; Department of forensic science, Jiangsu Police Institute, Nanjing, Jiang Su, 210031, China
| | - Yi Cai
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Joseph A Loo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, and UCLA/DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lu M, Liu Y, Helmy R, Martin GE, Dewald HD, Chen H. Online Investigation of Aqueous-Phase Electrochemical Reactions by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2015; 26:1676-1685. [PMID: 26242804 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-015-1210-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemistry (EC) combined with mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful tool for elucidation of electrochemical reaction mechanisms. However, direct online analysis of electrochemical reaction in aqueous phase was rarely explored. This paper presents the online investigation of several electrochemical reactions with biological relevance in the aqueous phase, such as nitrosothiol reduction, carbohydrate oxidation, and carbamazepine oxidation using desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS). It was found that electroreduction of nitrosothiols [e.g., nitrosylated insulin B (13-23)] leads to free thiols by loss of NO, as confirmed by online MS analysis for the first time. The characteristic mass shift of 29 Da and the reduced intensity provide a quick way to identify nitrosylated species. Equally importantly, upon collision-induced dissociation (CID), the reduced peptide ion produces more fragment ions than its nitrosylated precursor ion (presumably the backbone fragmentation cannot compete with the facile NO loss for the precursor ion), thus facilitating peptide sequencing. In the case of saccharide oxidation, it was found that glucose undergoes electro-oxidation to produce gluconic acid at alkaline pH, but not at neutral and acidic pHs. Such a pH-dependent electrochemical behavior was also observed for disaccharides such as maltose and cellobiose. Upon electrochemical oxidation, carbamazepine was found to undergo ring contraction and amide bond cleavage, which parallels the oxidative metabolism observed for this drug in leucocytes. The mechanistic information of these redox reactions revealed by EC/DESI-MS would be of value in nitroso-proteome research and carbohydrate/drug metabolic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Lu
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Process and Analytical Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA.
| | - Roy Helmy
- Department of Process and Analytical Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - Gary E Martin
- Department of Process and Analytical Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - Howard D Dewald
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Direct analysis of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on concrete by reactive-desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Talanta 2015; 132:877-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
12
|
Cai Y, Adams D, Chen H. A new splitting method for both analytical and preparative LC/MS. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2014; 25:286-92. [PMID: 24254577 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-013-0763-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a novel splitting method for liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) application, which allows fast MS detection of LC-separated analytes and subsequent online analyte collection. In this approach, a PEEK capillary tube with a micro-orifice drilled on the tube side wall is used to connect with LC column. A small portion of LC eluent emerging from the orifice can be directly ionized by desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) with negligible time delay (6~10 ms) while the remaining analytes exiting the tube outlet can be collected. The DESI-MS analysis of eluted compounds shows narrow peaks and high sensitivity because of the extremely small dead volume of the orifice used for LC eluent splitting (as low as 4 nL) and the freedom to choose favorable DESI spray solvent. In addition, online derivatization using reactive DESI is possible for supercharging proteins and for enhancing their signals without introducing extra dead volume. Unlike UV detector used in traditional preparative LC experiments, this method is applicable to compounds without chromophores (e.g., saccharides) due to the use of MS detector. Furthermore, this splitting method well suits monolithic column-based ultra-fast LC separation at a high elution flow rate of 4 mL/min. Figure ᅟ
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cai
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu P, Zhang J, Ferguson CN, Chen H, Loo JA. Measuring protein-ligand interactions using liquid sample desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2013; 85:11966-72. [PMID: 24237005 PMCID: PMC3901310 DOI: 10.1021/ac402906d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that liquid sample desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) is able to measure large proteins and noncovalently bound protein complexes (to 150 kDa) (Ferguson et al., Anal. Chem. 2011, 83, 6468-6473). In this study, we further investigate the application of liquid sample DESI-MS to probe protein-ligand interactions. Liquid sample DESI allows the direct formation of intact protein-ligand complex ions by spraying ligands toward separate protein sample solutions. This type of "reactive" DESI methodology can provide rapid information on binding stiochiometry, selectivity, and kinetics, as demonstrated by the binding of ribonuclease A (RNaseA, 13.7 kDa) with cytidine nucleotide ligands and the binding of lysozyme (14.3 kDa) with acetyl chitose ligands. A higher throughput method for ligand screening by liquid sample DESI was demonstrated, in which different ligands were sequentially injected as a segmented flow for DESI ionization. Furthermore, supercharging to enhance analyte charge can be integrated with liquid sample DESI-MS, without interfering with the formation of protein-ligand complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengyuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Jiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Carly N. Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Hao Chen
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Joseph A. Loo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pan N, Liu P, Cui W, Tang B, Shi J, Chen H. Highly efficient ionization of phosphopeptides at low pH by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Analyst 2013; 138:1321-1324. [PMID: 23338759 DOI: 10.1039/c3an36737a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A fast and novel strategy for efficient ionization of phosphopeptides in mixtures is reported, in which the sample is acidified to low pH to suppress the deprotonation of phosphate groups and then followed by direct analysis using liquid sample desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Pan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China, 250014.,Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA 45701
| | - Pengyuan Liu
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA 45701
| | - Weidong Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA 63130
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China, 250014
| | - Jingmin Shi
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China, 250014
| | - Hao Chen
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA 45701
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yao C, Na N, Huang L, He D, Ouyang J. High-throughput detection of drugs binding to proteins using desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 794:60-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
16
|
Liu P, Lu M, Zheng Q, Zhang Y, Dewald HD, Chen H. Recent advances of electrochemical mass spectrometry. Analyst 2013; 138:5519-39. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an00709j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
17
|
Zhu W, Yuan Y, Zhou P, Zeng L, Wang H, Tang L, Guo B, Chen B. The expanding role of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for probing reactive intermediates in solution. Molecules 2012; 17:11507-37. [PMID: 23018925 PMCID: PMC6268401 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171011507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the past decade, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) has rapidly occupied a prominent position for liquid-phase mechanistic studies due to its intrinsic advantages allowing for efficient "fishing" (rapid, sensitive, specific and simultaneous detection/identification) of multiple intermediates and products directly from a "real-world" solution. In this review we attempt to offer a comprehensive overview of the ESI-MS-based methodologies and strategies developed up to date to study reactive species in reaction solutions. A full description of general issues involved with probing reacting species from complex (bio)chemical reaction systems is briefly covered, including the potential sources of reactive intermediate (metabolite) generation, analytical aspects and challenges, basic rudiments of ESI-MS and the state-of-the-art technology. The main purpose of the present review is to highlight the utility of ESI-MS and its expanding role in probing reactive intermediates from various reactions in solution, with special focus on current progress in ESI-MS-based approaches for improving throughput, testing reality and real-time detection by using newly developed MS instruments and emerging ionization sources (such as ambient ESI techniques). In addition, the limitations of modern ESI-MS in detecting intermediates in organic reactions is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Hunan Normal University, 36 Lushan Road, Changsha 410081, China; (W.Z.); (P.Z.); (L.Z.); (H.W.); (L.T.); (B.C.)
| | - Yu Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, China;
| | - Peng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Hunan Normal University, 36 Lushan Road, Changsha 410081, China; (W.Z.); (P.Z.); (L.Z.); (H.W.); (L.T.); (B.C.)
| | - Le Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Hunan Normal University, 36 Lushan Road, Changsha 410081, China; (W.Z.); (P.Z.); (L.Z.); (H.W.); (L.T.); (B.C.)
| | - Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Hunan Normal University, 36 Lushan Road, Changsha 410081, China; (W.Z.); (P.Z.); (L.Z.); (H.W.); (L.T.); (B.C.)
| | - Ling Tang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Hunan Normal University, 36 Lushan Road, Changsha 410081, China; (W.Z.); (P.Z.); (L.Z.); (H.W.); (L.T.); (B.C.)
| | - Bin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Hunan Normal University, 36 Lushan Road, Changsha 410081, China; (W.Z.); (P.Z.); (L.Z.); (H.W.); (L.T.); (B.C.)
| | - Bo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Hunan Normal University, 36 Lushan Road, Changsha 410081, China; (W.Z.); (P.Z.); (L.Z.); (H.W.); (L.T.); (B.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lu M, Wolff C, Cui W, Chen H. Investigation of some biologically relevant redox reactions using electrochemical mass spectrometry interfaced by desorption electrospray ionization. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:355-65. [PMID: 22237914 PMCID: PMC3731448 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5679-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Recently we have shown that, as a versatile ionization technique, desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) can serve as a useful interface to combine electrochemistry (EC) with mass spectrometry (MS). In this study, the EC/DESI-MS method has been further applied to investigate some aqueous phase redox reactions of biological significance, including the reduction of peptide disulfide bonds and nitroaromatics as well as the oxidation of phenothiazines. It was found that knotted/enclosed disulfide bonds in the peptides apamin and endothelin could be electrochemically cleaved. Subsequent tandem MS analysis of the resulting reduced peptide ions using collision-induced dissociation (CID) and electron-capture dissociation (ECD) gave rise to extensive fragment ions, providing a fast protocol for sequencing peptides with complicated disulfide bond linkages. Flunitrazepam and clonazepam, a class of nitroaromatic drugs, are known to undergo reduction into amines which was proposed to involve nitroso and N-hydroxyl intermediates. Now in this study, these corresponding intermediate ions were successfully intercepted and their structures were confirmed by CID. This provides mass spectrometric evidence for the mechanism of the nitro to amine conversion process during nitroreduction, an important redox reaction involved in carcinogenesis. In addition, the well-known oxidation reaction of chlorpromazine was also examined. The putative transient one-electron transfer product, the chlorpromazine radical cation (m/z 318), was captured by MS, for the first time, and its structure was also verified by CID. In addition to these observations, some features of the DESI-interfaced electrochemical mass spectrometry were discussed, such as simple instrumentation and the lack of background signal. These results further demonstrate the feasibility of EC/DESI-MS for the study of the biology-relevant redox chemistry and would find applications in proteomics and drug development research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Lu
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Chloe Wolff
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Weidong Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
D'Aloise P, Chen H. Rapid determination of flunitrazepam in alcoholic beverages by desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Sci Justice 2012; 52:2-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2011.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
20
|
Groenewold GS, Gaumet JJ. Characterization of Ce(3+) -tributyl phosphate coordination complexes produced by fused droplet electrospray ionization with a target capillary. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2011; 46:1273-1280. [PMID: 22223419 DOI: 10.1002/jms.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Coordination complexes containing Ce(III) and tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) in the 1+, 2+ and 3+ charge states were generated using both direct infusion electrospray ionization (ESI) and fused droplet (FD) ESI using a target capillary, in which the analyte solutions are impinged by the ESI droplets. The same coordination complexes were produced in each experiment, and their relative abundances were also very close, suggesting that similar processes are occurring in both experiments. The ion species formed in both experiments have the general formula [Ce(NO(3) )(m=0-2) (TBP)(n=3-7) ]((3-m)+) . The appearance of abundant 1+ and 2+ ion pair complexes indicated that the ESI process was modifying the ion populations in the original solutions, which contain predominantly 3+ and 2+ species. The FD ESI experiments were less sensitive for coordination complexes compared to direct infusion ESI; however, mid-picomolar quantities of coordination complexes were measured using the target capillary, indicating that sensitivity would be sufficient for measuring species in many industrial separations processes.
Collapse
|
21
|
Ferguson CN, Benchaar SA, Miao Z, Loo JA, Chen H. Direct ionization of large proteins and protein complexes by desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2011; 83:6468-73. [PMID: 21774530 DOI: 10.1021/ac201390w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) has advantages for rapid sample analysis with little or no sample pretreatment, but performance for large biomolecules has not been demonstrated. In this study, liquid sample DESI, an extended version of DESI used for analysis of liquid samples, was shown to have capabilities for direct ionization of large noncovalent protein complexes (>45 kDa) and proteins (up to 150 kDa). Protein complex ions (e.g., superoxide dismutase, enolase, and hemoglobin) desorbed from solution by liquid sample DESI were measured intact, indicating the capability of DESI for preserving weak noncovalent interactions. Doping the DESI spray solvent with supercharging reagents resulted in protein complex ions having increased multiple charging without complex dissociation. Ion mobility measurements of model protein cytochrome c showed that the supercharging reagent favored the more compact conformation for the lower charged protein ions. Liquid sample DESI of hydrophobic peptide gramicidin D suggests that the ionization mechanism involves a droplet pick-up mixing process. Measurement of liquid samples significantly extends the mass range of DESI-MS, allowing the analysis of high-mass proteins such as 150 kDa immunoglobulin G (IgG) and thus represents the largest protein successfully ionized by DESI to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carly N Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Campbell IS, Ton AT, Mulligan CC. Direct detection of pharmaceuticals and personal care products from aqueous samples with thermally-assisted desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2011; 22:1285-1293. [PMID: 21953111 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-011-0144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2011] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
An ambient mass spectrometric method based on desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) has been developed to allow rapid, direct analysis of contaminated water samples, and the technique was evaluated through analysis of a wide array of pharmaceutical and personal care product (PPCP) contaminants. Incorporating direct infusion of aqueous sample and thermal assistance into the source design has allowed low ppt detection limits for the target analytes in drinking water matrices. With this methodology, mass spectral information can be collected in less than 1 min, consuming ~100 μL of total sample. Quantitative ability was also demonstrated without the use of an internal standard, yielding decent linearity and reproducibility. Initial results suggest that this source configuration is resistant to carryover effects and robust towards multi-component samples. The rapid, continuous analysis afforded by this method offers advantages in terms of sample analysis time and throughput over traditional hyphenated mass spectrometric techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian S Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Miao Z, Chen H, Liu P, Liu Y. Development of Submillisecond Time-Resolved Mass Spectrometry Using Desorption Electrospray Ionization. Anal Chem 2011; 83:3994-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac200842e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Miao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Pengyuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Perry RH, Splendore M, Chien A, Davis NK, Zare RN. Detecting reaction intermediates in liquids on the millisecond time scale using desorption electrospray ionization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:250-4. [PMID: 21110361 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201004861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard H Perry
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5080, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Huang D, Luo L, Jiang C, Han J, Wang J, Zhang T, Jiang J, Zhou Z, Chen H. Sinapine detection in radish taproot using surface desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:2148-2156. [PMID: 21332204 DOI: 10.1021/jf103725f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Plant research and natural product detection are of sustainable interests. Benefited by direct detection with no sample preparation, sinapine, a bioactive chemical usually found in various seeds of Brassica plants, has been unambiguously detected in radish taproot (Raphanus sativus) tissue using a liquid-assisted surface desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (DAPCI-MS). A methanol aqueous solution (1:1) was nebulized by a nitrogen sheath gas toward the corona discharge, resulting in charged ambient small droplets, which affected the radish tissue for desorption/ionization of analytes on the tissue surface. Thus, sinapine was directly detected and identified by tandem DAPCI-MS experiments without sample pretreatment. The typical relative standard deviation (RSD) of this method for sinapine detection was 5-8% for six measurements (S/N=3). The dynamic response range was 10(-12)-10(-7) g/cm2 for sinapine on the radish skin surface. The discovery of sinapine in radish taproot was validated by using HPLC-UV methods. The data demonstrated that DAPCI assisted by solvent enhanced the overall efficiency of the desorption/ionization process, enabling sensitive detection of bioactive compounds in plant tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dejuan Huang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry, Biology and Material Science, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330013, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhang Y, Dewald HD, Chen H. Online Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Proteins/Peptides Following Electrolytic Cleavage of Disulfide Bonds. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:1293-304. [DOI: 10.1021/pr101053q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Howard D. Dewald
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Hao Chen
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Santos VG, Regiani T, Dias FFG, Romão W, Jara JLP, Klitzke CF, Coelho F, Eberlin MN. Venturi easy ambient sonic-spray ionization. Anal Chem 2011; 83:1375-80. [PMID: 21235233 DOI: 10.1021/ac102765z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The development and illustrative applications of an ambient ionization technique termed Venturi easy ambient sonic-spray ionization (V-EASI) is described. Its dual mode of operation with Venturi self-pumping makes V-EASI applicable to the direct mass spectrometric analysis of both liquid (V(L)-EASI) and solid (V(S)-EASI) samples. V-EASI is simple and easy to assemble, operating solely via the assistance of a sonic stream of nitrogen or air. The sonic gas stream causes two beneficial and integrated effects: (a) the self-pumping of solutions via the Venturi effect and (b) sonic-spray ionization (SSI) of analytes either in solution or resting on solid surfaces. In its liquid mode, V(L)-EASI is applicable to analytes in solution, forming negatively and/or positively charged intact molecular species in a soft fashion with little or no fragmentation. In its solid mode, V(S)-EASI relies on Venturi self-pumping of a proper SSI solvent solution in combination with SSI to form a stream of bipolar charged droplets that bombard the sample surface, causing desorption and ionization of the analyte molecules. As for its precursor technique (EASI), V-EASI generates bipolar droplets with considerably lower average charging, which increases selectivity for ionization with high signal-to-noise ratios and clean spectra dominated by single molecular species with minimal solvent ions. V-EASI also operates in a voltage-, heat-, and radiation-free fashion and is therefore free of thermal, electrical, or discharge interferences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa G Santos
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Perry RH, Splendore M, Chien A, Davis NK, Zare RN. Detecting Reaction Intermediates in Liquids on the Millisecond Time Scale Using Desorption Electrospray Ionization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201004861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard H. Perry
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305‐5080 (USA), Fax: (+650)725‐0259
| | - Maurizio Splendore
- Stanford University Mass Spectrometry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305‐5080 (USA)
| | - Allis Chien
- Stanford University Mass Spectrometry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305‐5080 (USA)
| | - Nick K. Davis
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305‐5080 (USA), Fax: (+650)725‐0259
| | - Richard N. Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305‐5080 (USA), Fax: (+650)725‐0259
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Miao Z, Wu S, Chen H. The study of protein conformation in solution via direct sampling by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2010; 21:1730-6. [PMID: 20620076 PMCID: PMC3704159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2010.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Revised: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 06/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The direct sampling feature of liquid sample desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) allows the ionization of liquid samples without adding acids/organic solvents (i.e., without sample pretreatment). As a result, it provides a new approach for probing protein conformation in solution. In this study, it has been observed that native protein ions are generated from proteins in water by DESI. Interestingly, the intensities of the resulting protein ions appear to be higher than those generated by ESI of the proteins in water or in ammonium acetate. For protein solutions that already contain acids/organic solvents, DESI can be used to investigate the influences of these denaturants on protein conformations and the obtained results are in good agreement with spectroscopic data. In addition, online monitoring of protein conformational changes by DESI is feasible; for instance, heat-induced unfolding of ubiquitin can be traced with DESI in water without influences of organic solvents/acids. This DESI method provides a new alternative tool for the study of protein conformation in solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Miao
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
The acetonitrile shortage during 2008 to 2009 challenged bioanalytical scientists due to the ubiquitous role that acetonitrile plays in sample preparation and analysis. Replacement, reduction and reuse of acetonitrile were the core tenants behind each approach used to tackle the shortage. Sample preparation of biological matrices can be accomplished by protein precipitation using a variety of solvents; methanol is usually the best substitute for acetonitrile. The potential liabilities in using methanol can be handled with appropriate modifications. Often methanol is superior to acetonitrile for both protein precipitation and chromatography if phospholipid interference is a problem. Solvent consumption can be minimized by reducing column dimensions and particle size. Separations can be achieved at greatly reduced run times using sub-2-μm and fused-core particle columns. Emerging technologies, such as desorption ESI, direct analysis in real time and laser diode thermal desorption, eliminate the need for chromatography and achieve significant solvent and time savings. Acetonitrile recyclers can purify HPLC waste for reuse.
Collapse
|
31
|
Roach PJ, Laskin J, Laskin A. Nanospray desorption electrospray ionization: an ambient method for liquid-extraction surface sampling in mass spectrometry. Analyst 2010; 135:2233-6. [PMID: 20593081 DOI: 10.1039/c0an00312c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nanospray desorption electrospray ionization (nano-DESI) mass spectrometry is presented as an ambient pressure liquid extraction-ionization technique for analysis of organic and biological molecules on substrates. Analyte is desorbed into a solvent bridge formed between two capillaries and the analysis surface. One capillary supplies solvent to create and maintain the bridge, while the second capillary transports the dissolved analyte from the bridge to the mass spectrometer. A high voltage applied between the inlet of mass spectrometer and the primary capillary creates a self-aspirating nanospray. This approach enables the separation of desorption and ionization events, thus providing independent control of desorption, ionization, and transport of the analyte. We present analytical capabilities of the method and discuss its potential for imaging applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Roach
- Chemical and Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ifa DR, Wu C, Ouyang Z, Cooks RG. Desorption electrospray ionization and other ambient ionization methods: current progress and preview. Analyst 2010; 135:669-81. [DOI: 10.1039/b925257f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
33
|
Luo M, Hu B, Zhang X, Peng D, Chen H, Zhang L, Huan Y. Extractive Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Sensitive Detection of Uranyl Species in Natural Water Samples. Anal Chem 2009; 82:282-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9019494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingbiao Luo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province 344000, P. R. China, and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, P. R. China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province 344000, P. R. China, and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, P. R. China
| | - Xie Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province 344000, P. R. China, and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, P. R. China
| | - Daofeng Peng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province 344000, P. R. China, and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, P. R. China
| | - Huanwen Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province 344000, P. R. China, and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, P. R. China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province 344000, P. R. China, and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, P. R. China
| | - Yanfu Huan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province 344000, P. R. China, and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Li J, Dewald HD, Chen H. Online Coupling of Electrochemical Reactions with Liquid Sample Desorption Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2009; 81:9716-22. [DOI: 10.1021/ac901975j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiwen Li
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clippinger Laboratories, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701
| | - Howard D. Dewald
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clippinger Laboratories, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701
| | - Hao Chen
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clippinger Laboratories, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Rapid screening of active ingredients in drugs by mass spectrometry with low-temperature plasma probe. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 395:591-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2947-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Revised: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 07/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
36
|
Yang S, Han J, Huan Y, Cui Y, Zhang X, Chen H, Gu H. Desorption Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Detection of 24 Carcinogenic Aromatic Amines in Textiles. Anal Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ac900411r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuiping Yang
- East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province 344000, P. R. China, and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, P. R. China
| | - Jing Han
- East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province 344000, P. R. China, and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, P. R. China
| | - Yanfu Huan
- East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province 344000, P. R. China, and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, P. R. China
| | - Yanjuan Cui
- East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province 344000, P. R. China, and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, P. R. China
| | - Xie Zhang
- East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province 344000, P. R. China, and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, P. R. China
| | - Huanwen Chen
- East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province 344000, P. R. China, and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, P. R. China
| | - Haiwei Gu
- East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province 344000, P. R. China, and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|