1
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Weber CJ, Strom NE, Simoska O. Electrochemical deposition of gold nanoparticles on carbon ultramicroelectrode arrays. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:16204-16217. [PMID: 39140335 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr02326a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Electrode surfaces functionalized with gold nanoparticles (AuNP) are widely used in electroanalysis, electrocatalysis, and electrochemical biosensing due to their increased surface area and conductivity. Electrochemical deposition of AuNPs offers advantages over chemical synthesis, including better control over AuNP size, dispersion, and morphology. This study examines the electrodeposition of AuNPs on carbon ultramicroelectrode arrays (CUAs) focusing on electrodeposition parameters, such as deposition potential, deposition time, and gold ion concentration. Detailed analysis based on scanning electron microscopy revealed that higher reductive potentials and shorter deposition times result in smaller AuNP particle sizes and greater particle counts. Unlike previous studies using planar, macro-sized electrodes and millimolar concentrations of gold ion, as well as longer deposition times (e.g., 100-300 s), this research employed micromolar concentration ranges (25-50 μM) of gold ion solution and shorter deposition times (5-60 s) for successful electrodeposition of AuNPs on the array-based CUAs. This is attributed to the physical properties of the ultramicroelectrodes in the array geometry and the distinct material composition of the CUAs. The gold amounts deposited on the CUA electrodes were determined (88.73 ± 0.06 nmol cm-2), which were in correlation with the electrocatalytic responses for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) measured on AuNP-modified CUAs. Overall, the array-based geometry, nanometer-scale electrode sizes, and unique material composition of the CUAs significantly influence AuNP electrodeposition. This study underscores the importance of systematically characterizing the electrodeposition parameters on novel electrode surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney J Weber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
| | - Natalie E Strom
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
| | - Olja Simoska
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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2
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Gao J, Jin HJ, Wei X, Ding XL, Li ZQ, Wang K, Xia XH. Closed Bipolar Nanoelectrode Array for Ultra-Sensitive Detection of Alkaline Phosphatase and Two-Dimensional Imaging of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors. ACS Sens 2024; 9:3754-3762. [PMID: 38970501 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
The combination of closed bipolar electrodes (cBPE) with electrochemiluminescence (ECL) imaging has demonstrated remarkable capabilities in the field of bioanalysis. Here, we established a cBPE-ECL platform for ultrasensitive detection of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and two-dimensional imaging of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). This cBPE-ECL system consists of a high-density gold nanowire array in anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane as the cBPE coupled with ECL of highly luminescent cadmium selenide quantum dots (CdSe QDs) luminophores to achieve cathodic electro-optical conversion. When an enzyme-catalyzed amplification effect of ALP with 4-aminophenyl phosphate monosodium salt hydrate (p-APP) as the substrate and 4-aminophenol (p-AP) as the electroactive probe is introduced, a significant improvement of sensing sensitivity with a detection limit as low as 0.5 fM for ALP on the cBPE-ECL platform can be obtained. In addition, the cBPE-ECL sensing system can also be used to detect cancer cells with an impressive detection limit of 50 cells/mL by labeling ALP onto the EGFR protein on A431 human epidermal cancer cell membranes. Thus, two-dimensional (2D) imaging of the EGFR proteins on the cell surface can be achieved, demonstrating that the established cBPE-ECL sensing system is of high resolution for spatiotemporal cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hua-Jiang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xuan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xin-Lei Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhong-Qiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Kang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xing-Hua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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3
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Korolczuk M, Ochab M, Gęca I. Anodic Stripping Voltammetric Procedure of Thallium(I) Determination by Means of a Bismuth-Plated Gold-Based Microelectrode Array. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:1206. [PMID: 38400364 PMCID: PMC10892365 DOI: 10.3390/s24041206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
This article presents a new working electrode based on a bismuth-plated, gold-based microelectrode array, which is suitable for determining thallium(I) species using anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV). It allowed a significant increase in the sensitivity as compared to other voltammetric sensors. The main experimental conditions and the instrumental parameters were optimized. A very good proportionality between the Tl(I) peak current and its concentration was evidenced in the range from 5 × 10-10 up to 5 × 10-7 mol L-1 (R = 0.9989) for 120 s of deposition and from 2 × 10-10 up to 2 × 10-7 mol L-1 (R = 0.9988) for 180 s. A limit of detection (LOD) of 8 × 10-11 mol L-1 for a deposition time of 180 s was calculated. The effects of interfering ions on the Tl(I) analytical signal were studied. The proposed method was applied for quantitative Tl(I) detection in water certified reference material TM 25.5 as well as in spiked real water samples, for which satisfactory recovery values between 98.7 and 101.8% were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Iwona Gęca
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (M.O.)
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4
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Hwang H, Oh H, Song H. Shaping Copper Oxide Layers on Gold Nanoparticle Ensembles by Controlled Electrodeposition with Single Particle Scatterometry. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301241. [PMID: 37086124 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrodeposition of copper on gold nanoelectrode ensembles result in the formation of uniform copper oxide layers on individual nanoparticles. A linear sweep of voltammetric change induces three distinct morphologies dependent upon particle density. Ex situ imaging and in situ scatterometry at a single-particle level identifies multi-step electrochemical growth sequences that deviated from classical nucleation and growth pathways. In addition, the study demonstrated the possibility of synthesizing sophisticated structures based on the symmetry of nanoelectrodes. This result guides the nanoscale morphology control of electrode ensembles with potential application in electrocatalysis and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsik Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuncheol Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoon Song
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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5
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Karimian N, Campagnol D, Tormen M, Maria Stortini A, Canton P, Ugo P. Nanoimprinted Arrays of Glassy Carbon Nanoelectrodes for Improved Electrochemistry of Enzymatic Redox-Mediators. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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6
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Campagnol D, Karimian N, Paladin D, Rizzolio F, Ugo P. Molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor for the ultrasensitive detection of cytochrome c. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 148:108269. [PMID: 36179393 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome c (Cyt c) is an important biomarker for the early stage of apoptosis that plays a role in the diagnosis and therapy of several diseases including cancer. Here, an electrochemical sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for the ultrasensitive detection of Cyt c is studied. It is prepared by electropolymerization of o-phenylenediamine in the presence of Cyt c as template, followed by solvent extraction, resulting in the formation of Cyt c recognition sites. The MIP is characterised by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry, using ferrocenecarboxylic acid as redox probe. Voltammetric data indicates that the MIP-sensor behaves as an electrode with partially blocked surface. The partition isotherm obtained fits the Langmuir model, indicating a high affinity for Cyt c, with an association constant Ka = 5 × 10 11 M-1. DPV measurements allow to achieve extremely high analytical sensitivity and low detection limit, in the femtomolar range, with negligible unspecific adsorption. Satisfactory analytical recovery tests performed in the presence of possible interfering proteins and in diluted human serum confirmed the selectivity of the MIP-sensor as well as its potential applicability for real samples analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Campagnol
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Najmeh Karimian
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy.
| | - Dino Paladin
- Dott. Dino Paladin, bic incubatori Fvg, via Flavia 23/1, 34148 Trieste, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy; Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Paolo Ugo
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy.
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7
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Leontiev AP, Napolskii KS. Numerical Simulation of Chronoamperograms and Voltammograms for Electrode Modified with Nanoporous Film. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193522090105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Jung HS, Jung WB, Wang J, Abbott J, Horgan A, Fournier M, Hinton H, Hwang YH, Godron X, Nicol R, Park H, Ham D. CMOS electrochemical pH localizer-imager. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm6815. [PMID: 35895813 PMCID: PMC9328676 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm6815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
pH controls a large repertoire of chemical and biochemical processes in water. Densely arrayed pH microenvironments would parallelize these processes, enabling their high-throughput studies and applications. However, pH localization, let alone its arrayed realization, remains challenging because of fast diffusion of protons in water. Here, we demonstrate arrayed localizations of picoliter-scale aqueous acids, using a 256-electrochemical cell array defined on and operated by a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-integrated circuit. Each cell, comprising a concentric pair of cathode and anode with their current injections controlled with a sub-nanoampere resolution by the CMOS electronics, creates a local pH environment, or a pH "voxel," via confined electrochemistry. The system also monitors the spatiotemporal pH profile across the array in real time for precision pH control. We highlight the utility of this CMOS pH localizer-imager for high-throughput tasks by parallelizing pH-gated molecular state encoding and pH-regulated enzymatic DNA elongation at any selected set of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Sae Jung
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Woo-Bin Jung
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jeffrey Abbott
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | | | - Henry Hinton
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Young-Ha Hwang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | - Robert Nicol
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Hongkun Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Donhee Ham
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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9
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A direct comparison of 2D versus 3D diffusion analysis at nanowire electrodes: A finite element analysis and experimental study. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.139890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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10
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Deng J, Liu C, song D, Madou M. Fabrication of crystalline submicro-to-nano carbon wire for achieving high current density and ultrastable current. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:15. [PMID: 35178246 PMCID: PMC8814151 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-021-00345-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Crystalline carbon nanowire arrays were fabricated taking advantage of near-field electrospinning and stress decyanation. A novel fabrication method for carbon nanowires with radii ranging from ~2.15 µm down to ~25 nm was developed based on implementing nitrogen pretreatment on the silica surface and then aligning polymer nanofibers during near-field electrospinning at an ultralow voltage. Stress decyanation was implemented by subsequently pyrolyzing a polymer nanofiber array on the silica surface at 1000 °C for 1 h in an N2 atmosphere, thus obtaining a crystalline carbon nanowire array with a nanostructured surface. Various crystalline nanostructures were fabricated on the nanowire surface, and their electrochemical performance was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Crystalline carbon wires with diameters ranging from micrometers to submicrometers displayed carbon nanoelectrode-like behavior with their CV curve having a sigmoidal shape. A highly crystalline carbon nanowire array showed distinct behavior, having a monotonically increasing straight line as its CV curve and a semicircular EIS spectrum; these results demonstrated its ultrastable current, as determined by electron transfer. Furthermore, nanocrystalline-structured carbon wires with diameters of ~305 nm displayed at least a fourfold higher peak current density during CV (4000 mA/m2) than highly crystalline carbon nanowires with diameters of ~100 nm and porous microwires with diameters of ~4.3 µm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jufeng Deng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023 China
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617 USA
| | - Chong Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023 China
| | - Dian song
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92517 USA
| | - Marc Madou
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617 USA
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92517 USA
- School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, NM 64849 Mexico
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11
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Ion-transfer electrochemistry at arrays of nanoscale interfaces between two immiscible electrolyte solutions arranged in hexagonal format. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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12
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Lee J, Mullen JW, Hussain G, Silvester DS. Effect of microelectrode array spacing on the growth of platinum electrodeposits and its implications for oxygen sensing in ionic liquids. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Jiang F, Qi L, Song G, Yu HZ. Carbon tape-assisted electrodeposition and characterization of arrayed micro-/nanostructures. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Russo MJ, Han M, Desroches PE, Manasa CS, Dennaoui J, Quigley AF, Kapsa RMI, Moulton SE, Guijt RM, Greene GW, Silva SM. Antifouling Strategies for Electrochemical Biosensing: Mechanisms and Performance toward Point of Care Based Diagnostic Applications. ACS Sens 2021; 6:1482-1507. [PMID: 33765383 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Although there exist numerous established laboratory-based technologies for sample diagnostics and analyte detection, many medical and forensic science applications require point of care based platforms for rapid on-the-spot sample analysis. Electrochemical biosensors provide a promising avenue for such applications due to the portability and functional simplicity of the technology. However, the ability to develop such platforms with the high sensitivity and selectivity required for analysis of low analyte concentrations in complex biological samples remains a paramount issue in the field of biosensing. Nonspecific adsorption, or fouling, at the electrode interface via the innumerable biomolecules present in these sample types (i.e., serum, urine, blood/plasma, and saliva) can drastically obstruct electrochemical performance, increasing background "noise" and diminishing both the electrochemical signal magnitude and specificity of the biosensor. Consequently, this review aims to discuss strategies and concepts used throughout the literature to prevent electrode surface fouling in biosensors and to communicate the nature of the antifouling mechanisms by which they operate. Evaluation of each antifouling strategy is focused primarily on the fabrication method, experimental technique, sample composition, and electrochemical performance of each technology highlighting the overall feasibility of the platform for point of care based diagnostic/detection applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Russo
- Institute for Frontier Materials and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria 3216, Australia
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Mingyu Han
- Institute for Frontier Materials and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Pauline E. Desroches
- Institute for Frontier Materials and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria 3216, Australia
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Clayton S. Manasa
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Jessair Dennaoui
- School of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Anita F. Quigley
- School of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Robert M. I. Kapsa
- School of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Simon E. Moulton
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria 3122, Australia
- Centre for Regional and Rural Futures, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Rosanne M. Guijt
- Centre for Regional and Rural Futures, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - George W. Greene
- Institute for Frontier Materials and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Saimon Moraes Silva
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
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15
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Soares CO, Rodríguez O, Buvat G, Duca M, Garbarino S, Guay D, Denuault G, Tavares AC. Sampled current voltammetry for kinetic studies on materials unsuitable for rotating discs or microelectrodes: Application to the oxygen reduction reaction in acidic medium. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Hafeez S, Aristodemou E, Manos G, Al-Salem SM, Constantinou A. Modelling of packed bed and coated wall microreactors for methanol steam reforming for hydrogen production. RSC Adv 2020; 10:41680-41692. [PMID: 35516550 PMCID: PMC9057832 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06834a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) study has been conducted to assess the performance of packed bed and coated wall microreactors for the steam reforming of methanol with a CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 based catalyst (BASF F3-01). The results obtained were compared to experimental data from the literature to assess the validity and robustness of the models, and a good validation has been obtained. The performance of the packed bed and coated wall microreactors is similar at a constant reforming temperature. It was found that methanol conversion is enhanced with increasing temperature, residence time, steam to methanol ratio, and catalyst coating thickness. Furthermore, internal and external mass transfer phenomena were investigated using the models, and it was found that there were no internal and external mass transfer resistances for this reactor configuration. Further studies demonstrated that larger catalyst pellet sizes led to the presence of internal mass transfer resistance, which in turn causes lower methanol conversions. The CFD models have exhibited a sound agreement with the experimental data, hence they can be used to predict the steam reforming of methanol in microreactors. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) study has been conducted to assess the performance of packed bed and coated wall microreactors for the steam reforming of methanol with a CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 based catalyst (BASF F3-01).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa Hafeez
- Division of Chemical & Energy Engineering, School of Engineering, London South Bank University London SE1 0AA UK +44 (0)20 7815 7185
| | - Elsa Aristodemou
- Division of Chemical & Energy Engineering, School of Engineering, London South Bank University London SE1 0AA UK +44 (0)20 7815 7185
| | - George Manos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London London WCIE 7JE UK
| | - S M Al-Salem
- Environment & Life Sciences Research Centre, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research P. O. Box: 24885 Safat 13109 Kuwait
| | - Achilleas Constantinou
- Division of Chemical & Energy Engineering, School of Engineering, London South Bank University London SE1 0AA UK +44 (0)20 7815 7185.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London London WCIE 7JE UK.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology 57 Corner of Athinon and Anexartisias 3036 Limassol Cyprus
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17
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Qin X, Li ZQ, Zhou Y, Pan JB, Li J, Wang K, Xu JJ, Xia XH. Fabrication of High-Density and Superuniform Gold Nanoelectrode Arrays for Electrochemical Fluorescence Imaging. Anal Chem 2020; 92:13493-13499. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhong-Qiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jian-Bin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Kang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jing-Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xing-Hua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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18
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Adachi T, Kitazumi Y, Shirai O, Kano K. Development Perspective of Bioelectrocatalysis-Based Biosensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E4826. [PMID: 32858975 PMCID: PMC7506675 DOI: 10.3390/s20174826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectrocatalysis provides the intrinsic catalytic functions of redox enzymes to nonspecific electrode reactions and is the most important and basic concept for electrochemical biosensors. This review starts by describing fundamental characteristics of bioelectrocatalytic reactions in mediated and direct electron transfer types from a theoretical viewpoint and summarizes amperometric biosensors based on multi-enzymatic cascades and for multianalyte detection. The review also introduces prospective aspects of two new concepts of biosensors: mass-transfer-controlled (pseudo)steady-state amperometry at microelectrodes with enhanced enzymatic activity without calibration curves and potentiometric coulometry at enzyme/mediator-immobilized biosensors for absolute determination.
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Zanut A, Cian A, Cefarin N, Pozzato A, Tormen M. Nanoelectrode Arrays Fabricated by Thermal Nanoimprint Lithography for Biosensing Application. BIOSENSORS 2020; 10:E90. [PMID: 32764306 PMCID: PMC7459808 DOI: 10.3390/bios10080090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical sensors are devices capable of detecting molecules and biomolecules in solutions and determining the concentration through direct electrical measurements. These systems can be miniaturized to a size less than 1 µm through the creation of small-size arrays of nanoelectrodes (NEA), offering advantages in terms of increased sensitivity and compactness. In this work, we present the fabrication of an electrochemical platform based on an array of nanoelectrodes (NEA) and its possible use for the detection of antigens of interest. NEAs were fabricated by forming arrays of nanoholes on a thin film of polycarbonate (PC) deposited on boron-doped diamond (BDD) macroelectrodes by thermal nanoimprint lithography (TNIL), which demonstrated to be a highly reliable and reproducible process. As proof of principle, gliadin protein fragments were physisorbed on the polycarbonate surface of NEAs and detected by immuno-indirect assay using a secondary antibody labelled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). This method allows a successful detection of gliadin, in the range of concentration of 0.5-10 μg/mL, by cyclic voltammetry taking advantage from the properties of NEAs to strongly suppress the capacitive background signal. We demonstrate that the characteristics of the TNIL technology in the fabrication of high-resolution nanostructures together with their low-cost production, may allow to scale up the production of NEAs-based electrochemical sensing platform to monitor biochemical molecules for both food and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Zanut
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34100 Trieste, Italy;
- IOM-CNR, TASC Laboratory, Area Science Park—Basovizza, S.S 14 Km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Cian
- ThunderNIL srl, via Foscolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy; (A.C.); (A.P.)
- Center for Materials and Microsystems, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Nicola Cefarin
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34100 Trieste, Italy;
- IOM-CNR, TASC Laboratory, Area Science Park—Basovizza, S.S 14 Km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | | | - Massimo Tormen
- IOM-CNR, TASC Laboratory, Area Science Park—Basovizza, S.S 14 Km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Italy;
- ThunderNIL srl, via Foscolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy; (A.C.); (A.P.)
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20
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Taşaltın N, Taşaltın C, Karakuş S, Kilislioğlu A. Cu core shell nanosphere based electrochemical non-enzymatic sensing of glucose. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2020.107991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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21
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Simoska O, Stevenson KJ. Electrochemical sensors for rapid diagnosis of pathogens in real time. Analyst 2020; 144:6461-6478. [PMID: 31603150 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01747j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Microbial infections remain the principal cause for high morbidity and mortality rates. While approximately 1400 human pathogens have been recognized, the majority of healthcare-associated infectious diseases are caused by only a few opportunistic pathogens (e.g., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli), which are associated with increased antibiotic and antimicrobial resistance. Rapid detection, reliable identification and real-time monitoring of these pathogens remain not only a scientific problem but also a practical challenge of vast importance, especially in tailoring effective treatment strategies. Although the development of vaccinations and antibacterial drug treatments are the leading research, progress, and implementation of early warning, quantitative systems indicative of confirming pathogen presence are necessary. Over the years, various approaches, such as conventional culturing, straining, molecular methods (e.g., polymerase chain reaction and immunological assays), microscopy-based and mass spectrometry techniques, have been employed to identify and quantify pathogenic agents. While being sensitive in some cases, these procedures are costly, time-consuming, mostly qualitative, and are indirect detection methods. A great challenge is therefore to develop rapid, highly sensitive, specific devices with adequate figures of merit to corroborate the presence of microbes and enable dynamic real-time measurements of metabolism. As an alternative, electrochemical sensor platforms have been developed as powerful quantitative tools for label-free detection of infection-related biomarkers with high sensitivity. This minireview is focused on the latest electrochemical-based approaches for pathogen sensing, putting them into the context of standard sensing methods, such as cell culturing, mass spectrometry, and fluorescent-based approaches. Description of the latest, impactful electrochemical sensors for pathogen detection will be presented. Recent breakthroughs will be highlighted, including the use of micro- and nano-electrode arrays for real-time detection of bacteria in polymicrobial infections and microfluidic devices for pathogen separation analysis. We will conclude with perspectives and outlooks to understand shortcomings in designing future sensing schemes. The need for high sensitivity and selectivity, low-cost implementation, fast detection, and screening increases provides an impetus for further development in electrochemical detectors for microorganisms and biologically relevant targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olja Simoska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, Stop A5300, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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22
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Alden SE, Siepser NP, Patterson JA, Jagdale GS, Choi M, Baker LA. Array Microcell Method (AMCM) for Serial Electroanalysis. ChemElectroChem 2020; 7:1084-1091. [PMID: 36588586 PMCID: PMC9798888 DOI: 10.1002/celc.201901976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We describe a method for electrochemical measurement and synthesis based on the combination of a mobile micropipette and a microelectrode array, which we term the array microcell method (AMCM). AMCM has the ability to address single electrodes within a microelectrode array (MEA) and provides a simple, low-cost format to enable versatile electrochemical measurements. In AMCM, a droplet at the tip of a movable micropipette (inner diameter of 50 μm) functions as an electrochemical cell, in which the electrode area is defined by a microelectrode of the array. We also report carbon MEAs that are well suited for AMCM and are fabricated from pyrolyzed photoresist films (PPFs). PPF-MEAs with nominal electrode diameters of 5.5 μm are characterized by AMCM, standard macroscale electrochemical methods, and finite element modeling. The versatility of AMCM is demonstrated by measurement of single Pt microparticles and by electrodeposition of shapecontrolled Pt nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha E Alden
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E Kirkwood, Bloomington, 47405, Indiana (USA)
| | - Natasha P Siepser
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E Kirkwood, Bloomington, 47405, Indiana (USA)
| | - Jacqueline A Patterson
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E Kirkwood, Bloomington, 47405, Indiana (USA)
| | - Gargi S Jagdale
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E Kirkwood, Bloomington, 47405, Indiana (USA)
| | - Myunghoon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E Kirkwood, Bloomington, 47405, Indiana (USA)
| | - Lane A Baker
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E Kirkwood, Bloomington, 47405, Indiana (USA)
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23
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Sabaté Del Río J, Henry OYF, Jolly P, Ingber DE. An antifouling coating that enables affinity-based electrochemical biosensing in complex biological fluids. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 14:1143-1149. [PMID: 31712665 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-019-0566-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Affinity-based electrochemical detection in complex biological fluids could enable multiplexed point-of-care diagnostics for home healthcare; however, commercialization of point-of-care devices has been limited by the rapid loss of sensitivity caused by electrode surface inactivation and biofouling. Here, we describe a simple and robust antifouling coating for electrodes consisting of a three-dimensional porous matrix of cross-linked bovine serum albumin supported by a network of conductive nanomaterials composed of either gold nanowires, gold nanoparticles or carbon nanotubes. These nanocomposites prevent non-specific interactions while enhancing electron transfer to the electrode surface, preserving 88% of the original signal after 1 month of exposure to unprocessed human plasma, and functionalization with specific antibodies enables quantification of anti-interleukin 6 in plasma with high sensitivity. The easy preparation, stability and simplicity of this nanocomposite allow the generation of electrochemical biosensors that can operate in complex biological fluids such as blood plasma or serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Sabaté Del Río
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Olivier Y F Henry
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Imec, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pawan Jolly
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donald E Ingber
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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24
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Brown MD, Schoenfisch MH. Electrochemical Nitric Oxide Sensors: Principles of Design and Characterization. Chem Rev 2019; 119:11551-11575. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Micah D. Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Mark H. Schoenfisch
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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25
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Habtamu HB, Not T, De Leo L, Longo S, Moretto LM, Ugo P. Electrochemical Immunosensor Based on Nanoelectrode Ensembles for the Serological Analysis of IgG-type Tissue Transglutaminase. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19051233. [PMID: 30862087 PMCID: PMC6427579 DOI: 10.3390/s19051233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a gluten-dependent autoimmune disorder affecting a significant percentage of the general population, with increasing incidence particularly for children. Reliable analytical methods suitable for the serological diagnosis of the disorder are urgently required for performing both the early diagnosis and the follow-up of a patient adhering to a gluten-free diet. Herein we report on the preparation and application of a novel electrochemical immunosensor based on the use of ensembles of gold nanoelectrodes (NEEs) for the detection of anti-tissue transglutaminase (anti-tTG), which is considered one reliable serological marker for CD. To this end, we take advantage of the composite nature of the nanostructured surface of membrane-templated NEEs by functionalizing the polycarbonate surface of the track-etched membrane with tissue transglutaminase. Incubation of the functionalized NEE in anti-tTG samples results in the capture of the anti-tTG antibody. Confirmation of the recognition event is achieved by incubating the NEE with a secondary antibody labelled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP): in the presence of H2O2 as substrate and hydroquinone as redox mediator, an electrocatalytic current is indeed generated whose increment is proportional to the amount of anti-tTG captured from the sample. The optimized sensor allows a detection limit of 1.8 ng mL−1, with satisfactory selectivity and reproducibility. Analysis of serum samples from 28 individuals, some healthy and some affected by CD, furnished analytical results comparable with those achieved by classical fluoroenzyme immunoassay (FEIA). We note that the NEE-based immunosensor developed here detects the IgG isotype of anti-tTG, while FEIA detects the IgA isotype, which is not a suitable diagnostic marker for IgA-deficient patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henok B Habtamu
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca'Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy.
| | - Tarcisio Not
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", 34100 Trieste, Italy.
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Luigina De Leo
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", 34100 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Sara Longo
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca'Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy.
| | - Ligia M Moretto
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca'Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy.
| | - Paolo Ugo
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca'Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy.
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27
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Li X, Cao L, Zhang Y, Yan P, Kirk DW. Fabrication and Modeling of an Ultrasensitive Label Free Impedimetric Immunosensor for Aflatoxin B1 based on Protein A Self-assembly Modified Gold 3D Nanotube Electrode ensembles. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.07.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Ma X, Li F, Xie Z, Xue M, Zheng Z, Zhang X. Size-tunable, highly sensitive microelectrode arrays enabled by polymer pen lithography. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:3685-3689. [PMID: 28492664 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm02791a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
By combining polymer pen lithography (PPL) patterning with in situ polymerization, we report a straightforward and bottom-up approach for bench-top fabrication of microelectrode arrays (MEAs) with well-controlled dimensions. The as-fabricated MEAs can be used to electrodeposit prussian blue in situ and work as a biosensor for H2O2 with a detection limit as low as 5 nM at a sensitivity of 0.7 A cm-2 M-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Ma
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, 100083, Beijing, P. R. China.
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29
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Atighilorestani M, Brolo AG. Comparing the Electrochemical Response of Nanostructured Electrode Arrays. Anal Chem 2017; 89:6129-6135. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Atighilorestani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700,
STN CSC, Victoria BC V8W
2Y2, Canada
| | - Alexandre G. Brolo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700,
STN CSC, Victoria BC V8W
2Y2, Canada
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30
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Karimian N, Moretto LM, Ugo P. Nanobiosensing with Arrays and Ensembles of Nanoelectrodes. SENSORS 2016; 17:s17010065. [PMID: 28042840 PMCID: PMC5298638 DOI: 10.3390/s17010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Since the first reports dating back to the mid-1990s, ensembles and arrays of nanoelectrodes (NEEs and NEAs, respectively) have gained an important role as advanced electroanalytical tools thank to their unique characteristics which include, among others, dramatically improved signal/noise ratios, enhanced mass transport and suitability for extreme miniaturization. From the year 2000 onward, these properties have been exploited to develop electrochemical biosensors in which the surfaces of NEEs/NEAs have been functionalized with biorecognition layers using immobilization modes able to take the maximum advantage from the special morphology and composite nature of their surface. This paper presents an updated overview of this field. It consists of two parts. In the first, we discuss nanofabrication methods and the principles of functioning of NEEs/NEAs, focusing, in particular, on those features which are important for the development of highly sensitive and miniaturized biosensors. In the second part, we review literature references dealing the bioanalytical and biosensing applications of sensors based on biofunctionalized arrays/ensembles of nanoelectrodes, focusing our attention on the most recent advances, published in the last five years. The goal of this review is both to furnish fundamental knowledge to researchers starting their activity in this field and provide critical information on recent achievements which can stimulate new ideas for future developments to experienced scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Karimian
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155-Mestre, 30172 Venice, Italy.
| | - Ligia M Moretto
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155-Mestre, 30172 Venice, Italy.
| | - Paolo Ugo
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155-Mestre, 30172 Venice, Italy.
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31
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Lynn NS, Homola J. (Bio)Sensing Using Nanoparticle Arrays: On the Effect of Analyte Transport on Sensitivity. Anal Chem 2016; 88:12145-12151. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Scott Lynn
- Institute of Photonics and
Electronics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Chaberská
57, Prague 18251, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Homola
- Institute of Photonics and
Electronics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Chaberská
57, Prague 18251, Czech Republic
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32
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Zhang Y, Zhou Q, Zhao W, Chu W, Zheng J. Array of recessed gold nanoelectrodes formed with polymethylmethacrylate for individual detection of ascorbic acid, dopamine and uric acid. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.06.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Liu Y, Holzinger A, Knittel P, Poltorak L, Gamero-Quijano A, Rickard WDA, Walcarius A, Herzog G, Kranz C, Arrigan DWM. Visualization of Diffusion within Nanoarrays. Anal Chem 2016; 88:6689-95. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelika Holzinger
- Institute
of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee
11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Knittel
- Institute
of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee
11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Lukasz Poltorak
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l’Environnement (LCPME),
UMR 7564, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 405 rue de Vandoeuvre, 54600 Villers-les-Nancy, France
| | - Alonso Gamero-Quijano
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l’Environnement (LCPME),
UMR 7564, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 405 rue de Vandoeuvre, 54600 Villers-les-Nancy, France
| | | | - Alain Walcarius
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l’Environnement (LCPME),
UMR 7564, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 405 rue de Vandoeuvre, 54600 Villers-les-Nancy, France
| | - Grégoire Herzog
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l’Environnement (LCPME),
UMR 7564, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 405 rue de Vandoeuvre, 54600 Villers-les-Nancy, France
| | - Christine Kranz
- Institute
of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee
11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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Peinetti AS, Gilardoni RS, Mizrahi M, Requejo FG, González GA, Battaglini F. Numerical Simulation of the Diffusion Processes in Nanoelectrode Arrays Using an Axial Neighbor Symmetry Approximation. Anal Chem 2016; 88:5752-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sol Peinetti
- INQUIMAE-CONICET,
Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica
y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo S. Gilardoni
- INQUIMAE-CONICET,
Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica
y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Mizrahi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Físicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas, INIFTA (CONICET y Dto. Química, Fac. Cs Ex, UNLP), 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Felix G. Requejo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Físicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas, INIFTA (CONICET y Dto. Química, Fac. Cs Ex, UNLP), 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Graciela A. González
- INQUIMAE-CONICET,
Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica
y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Battaglini
- INQUIMAE-CONICET,
Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica
y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
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35
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Microscopic imaging and tuning of electrogenerated chemiluminescence with boron-doped diamond nanoelectrode arrays. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:7085-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9504-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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36
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Adesokan B, Quan X, Evgrafov A, Heiskanen A, Boisen A, Sørensen M. Experimentation and numerical modeling of cyclic voltammetry for electrochemical micro-sized sensors under the influence of electrolyte flow. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2015.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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37
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Kondo T, Udagawa I, Aikawa T, Sakamoto H, Shitanda I, Hoshi Y, Itagaki M, Yuasa M. Enhanced Sensitivity for Electrochemical Detection Using Screen-Printed Diamond Electrodes via the Random Microelectrode Array Effect. Anal Chem 2016; 88:1753-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kondo
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- Research
Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- ACT-C/JST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 333-0012, Japan
| | - Ikuto Udagawa
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Aikawa
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Hironori Sakamoto
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Isao Shitanda
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- Research
Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Hoshi
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Masayuki Itagaki
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- Research
Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Makoto Yuasa
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- Research
Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- ACT-C/JST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 333-0012, Japan
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Qiu W, Xu M, Li R, Liu X, Zhang M. Renewable and Ultralong Nanoelectrochemical Sensor: Nanoskiving Fabrication and Application for Monitoring Cell Release. Anal Chem 2015; 88:1117-22. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanling Qiu
- Department
of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Muzhen Xu
- Department
of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Ruixin Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Xiaomeng Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Meining Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
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39
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Oleinick A, Yan J, Mao B, Svir I, Amatore C. Theory of Microwell Arrays Performing as Generators-Collectors Based on a Single Bipolar Plane Electrode. ChemElectroChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201500321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Oleinick
- Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, Département de Chimie; Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Paris 6, CNRS UMR 8640 PASTEUR; 24 rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
| | - Jiawei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and; Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen Fujian 361005 PR China
| | - Bingwei Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and; Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen Fujian 361005 PR China
| | - Irina Svir
- Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, Département de Chimie; Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Paris 6, CNRS UMR 8640 PASTEUR; 24 rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
| | - Christian Amatore
- Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, Département de Chimie; Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Paris 6, CNRS UMR 8640 PASTEUR; 24 rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
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40
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Sliusarenko O, Oleinick A, Svir I, Amatore C. Development and Validation of an Analytical Model for Predicting Chronoamperometric Responses of Random Arrays of Micro- and Nanodisk Electrodes. ChemElectroChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201500222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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41
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Liu Y, Sairi M, Neusser G, Kranz C, Arrigan DWM. Achievement of Diffusional Independence at Nanoscale Liquid–Liquid Interfaces within Arrays. Anal Chem 2015; 87:5486-90. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Nanochemistry
Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | - Masniza Sairi
- Nanochemistry
Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
- Mechanisation
and Automation Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), P.O. Box 12301, 50774 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gregor Neusser
- Institute
of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee
11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Christine Kranz
- Institute
of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee
11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Damien W. M. Arrigan
- Nanochemistry
Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
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42
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Sliusarenko O, Oleinick A, Svir I, Amatore C. Validating a Central Approximation in Theories of Regular Electrode Electrochemical Arrays of Various Common Geometries. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201400593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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43
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Fernández JL, Wijesinghe M, Zoski CG. Theory and Experiments for Voltammetric and SECM Investigations and Application to ORR Electrocatalysis at Nanoelectrode Ensembles of Ultramicroelectrode Dimensions. Anal Chem 2014; 87:1066-74. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5039187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José L. Fernández
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, United States
| | - Manjula Wijesinghe
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, United States
| | - Cynthia G. Zoski
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, United States
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45
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Duay J, Goran JM, Stevenson KJ. Facile Fabrication of Carbon Ultramicro- to Nanoelectrode Arrays with Tunable Voltammetric Response. Anal Chem 2014; 86:11528-32. [DOI: 10.1021/ac503296x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon Duay
- Department of Chemistry,
Center for Nano- and Molecular Science and Technology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jacob M. Goran
- Department of Chemistry,
Center for Nano- and Molecular Science and Technology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Keith J. Stevenson
- Department of Chemistry,
Center for Nano- and Molecular Science and Technology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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46
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Thi Kim LT, Escriou V, Griveau S, Girard A, Griscom L, Razan F, Bedioui F. Array of ultramicroelectrodes for the simultaneous detection of nitric oxide and peroxynitrite in biological systems. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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47
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Kleijn SEF, Lai SCS, Koper MTM, Unwin PR. Electrochemistry of Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:3558-86. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201306828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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48
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49
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Zhu F, Yan J, Pang S, Zhou Y, Mao B, Oleinick A, Svir I, Amatore C. Strategy for Increasing the Electrode Density of Microelectrode Arrays by Utilizing Bipolar Behavior of a Metallic Film. Anal Chem 2014; 86:3138-45. [DOI: 10.1021/ac404202p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory
for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department
of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Yan
- State Key Laboratory
for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department
of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Yongliang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory
for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department
of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingwei Mao
- State Key Laboratory
for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department
of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Alexander Oleinick
- CNRS UMR 8640
“PASTEUR”, Departement de Chimie, Ecole Normale Superieure, 24 rue Lhomond, Paris 75005, France
| | - Irina Svir
- CNRS UMR 8640
“PASTEUR”, Departement de Chimie, Ecole Normale Superieure, 24 rue Lhomond, Paris 75005, France
| | - Christian Amatore
- CNRS UMR 8640
“PASTEUR”, Departement de Chimie, Ecole Normale Superieure, 24 rue Lhomond, Paris 75005, France
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50
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Ongaro M, Ugo P. Sensor Arrays: Arrays of Micro- and Nanoelectrodes. ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS BY ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSORS AND BIOSENSORS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0676-5_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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