1
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Verkhoturov SV, Gołuński M, Verkhoturov DS, Czerwinski B, Eller MJ, Geng S, Postawa Z, Schweikert EA. Hypervelocity cluster ion impacts on free standing graphene: Experiment, theory, and applications. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:160901. [PMID: 31042896 DOI: 10.1063/1.5080606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We present results from experiments and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations obtained with C60 and Au400 impacting on free-standing graphene, graphene oxide (GO), and graphene-supported molecular layers. The experiments were run on custom-built ToF reflectron mass spectrometers with C60 and Au-LMIS sources with acceleration potentials generating 50 keV C60 2+ and 440-540 keV Au400 4+. Bombardment-detection was in the same mode as MD simulation, i.e., a sequence of individual projectile impacts with separate collection/identification of the ejecta from each impact in either the forward (transmission) or backward (reflection) direction. For C60 impacts on single layer graphene, the secondary ion (SI) yields for C2 and C4 emitted in transmission are ∼0.1 (10%). Similar yields were observed for analyte-specific ions from submonolayer deposits of phenylalanine. MD simulations show that graphene acts as a trampoline, i.e., they can be ejected without destruction. Another topic investigated dealt with the chemical composition of free-standing GO. The elemental composition was found to be approximately COH2. We have also studied the impact of Au400 clusters on graphene. Again SI yields were high (e.g., 1.25 C-/impact). 90-100 Au atoms evaporate off the exiting projectile which experiences an energy loss of ∼72 keV. The latter is a summation of energy spent on rupturing the graphene, ejecting carbon atoms and clusters and a dipole projectile/hole interaction. The charge distribution of the exiting projectiles is ∼50% neutrals and ∼25% either negatively or positively charged. We infer that free-standing graphene enables detection of attomole to zeptomole deposits of analyte via cluster-SI mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dmitriy S Verkhoturov
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3144, USA
| | - Bartlomiej Czerwinski
- Applied Physics, Division of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Michael J Eller
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3144, USA
| | - Sheng Geng
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3144, USA
| | | | - Emile A Schweikert
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3144, USA
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2
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Verkhoturov SV, Gołuński M, Verkhoturov DS, Geng S, Postawa Z, Schweikert EA. "Trampoline" ejection of organic molecules from graphene and graphite via keV cluster ions impacts. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:144309. [PMID: 29655321 DOI: 10.1063/1.5021352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the data on ejection of molecules and emission of molecular ions caused by single impacts of 50 keV C602+ on a molecular layer of deuterated phenylalanine (D8Phe) deposited on free standing, 2-layer graphene. The projectile impacts on the graphene side stimulate the abundant ejection of intact molecules and the emission of molecular ions in the transmission direction. To gain insight into the mechanism of ejection, Molecular Dynamic simulations were performed. It was found that the projectile penetrates the thin layer of graphene, partially depositing the projectile's kinetic energy, and molecules are ejected from the hot area around the hole that is made by the projectile. The yield, Y, of negative ions of deprotonated phenylalanine, (D8Phe-H)-, emitted in the transmission direction is 0.1 ions per projectile impact. To characterize the ejection and ionization of molecules, we have performed the experiments on emission of (D8Phe-H)- from the surface of bulk D8Phe (Y = 0.13) and from the single molecular layer of D8Phe deposited on bulk pyrolytic graphite (Y = 0.15). We show that, despite the similar yields of molecular ions, the scenario of the energy deposition and ejection of molecules is different for the case of graphene due to the confined volume of projectile-analyte interaction. The projectile impact on the graphene-D8Phe sample stimulates the collective radial movement of analyte atoms, which compresses the D8Phe layer radially from the hole. At the same time, this compression bends and stretches the graphene membrane around the hole thus accumulating potential energy. The accumulated potential energy is transformed into the kinetic energy of correlated movement upward for membrane atoms, thus the membrane acts as a trampoline for the molecules. The ejected molecules are effectively ionized; the ionization probability is ∼30× higher compared to that obtained for the bulk D8Phe target. The proposed mechanism of ionization involves tunneling of electrons from the vibrationally excited area around the hole to the molecules. Another proposed mechanism is a direct proton transfer exchange, which is suitable for a bulk target: ions of molecular fragments (i.e., CN-) generated in the impact area interact with intact molecules from the rim of this area. There is a direct proton exchange process for the system D8Phe molecule + CN-.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dmitriy S Verkhoturov
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3144, USA
| | - Sheng Geng
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3144, USA
| | | | - Emile A Schweikert
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3144, USA
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3
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Adaptive Control of Ion Yield in Femtosecond Laser Post-ionization for Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5953. [PMID: 28729560 PMCID: PMC5519762 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06562-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary ion mass spectrometry is an excellent technique of analytical chemistry, where primary ions sputter a solid sample generating the secondary ions which are determined. Although the ion yield is inherently low, it can be enhanced by using a post-ionization of sputtered neutral species. Our novel approach integrates this technique with a near infrared femtosecond laser post-ionization based on an adaptive control through a laser pulse shaper. The shaping of the laser pulse provides adaptive control to select a mass peak of interest and to enhance this peak intensity. Versatility is confirmed by optimizing the ion yield for different molecules (tryptophan, anthracene, polyethylene, and oxalic acid) with focus on parent ion enhancement, fragmentation process, sublimation effect, and excited secondary species. This proof-of-concept experiment provides not only a nonspecific increase of the overall ion yield, but also the selection of specific secondary species and the adaptive enhancement of their intensities on the order of 100, potentially simplifying data interpretation. Such tailored spectra might advance the (secondary ion) mass spectrometry to new capabilities.
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4
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Hirata K, Yamada K, Chiba A, Narumi K, Saitoh Y. Characterization of secondary ion emission processes of sub-MeV C 60 ion impacts via analysis of statistical distributions of the emitted ion number. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:234311. [PMID: 28010077 DOI: 10.1063/1.4972061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report probability distributions of the number of secondary ions (SIs) emitted by sub-MeV C60 ion impacts on an organic polymer target and the characterization of their emission processes through the analysis of the distributions. The probability distributions were obtained by analyzing experimental SI counting data obtained by a time-of-flight SI mass spectrometer combined with pulsed primary ion beams, using an analytical model developed to derive the distributions from the experimental data. A series of probability distribution functions was investigated for ion impacts of C60 with sub-MeV energies (0.12-0.54 MeV), which can provide sufficient SIs per impact to determine the functions. Their complicated and undefined SI emission processes were characterized based on the determined functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hirata
- National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - K Yamada
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gumma 370-1292, Japan
| | - A Chiba
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gumma 370-1292, Japan
| | - K Narumi
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gumma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Y Saitoh
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gumma 370-1292, Japan
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5
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Eller MJ, Liang CK, Della-Negra S, Clubb AB, Kim H, Young AE, Schweikert EA. Hypervelocity nanoparticle impacts on free-standing graphene: a sui generis mode of sputtering. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:044308. [PMID: 25637988 DOI: 10.1063/1.4906343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of the interaction of hypervelocity nano-particles with a 2D material and ultra-thin targets (single layer graphene, multi-layer graphene, and amorphous carbon foils) has been performed using mass selected gold nano-particles produced from a liquid metal ion source. During these impacts, a large number of atoms are ejected from the graphene, corresponding to a hole of ∼60 nm(2). Additionally, for the first time, secondary ions have been observed simultaneously in both the transmission and reflection direction (with respect to the path of the projectile) from a 2D target. The ejected area is much larger than that predicted by molecular dynamic simulations and a large ionization rate is observed. The mass distribution and characteristics of the emitted secondary ions are presented and offer an insight into the process to produce the large hole observed in the graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Eller
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay, UMR8608, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Sud 11, Orsay F-91406, France
| | - Chao-Kai Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3144, USA
| | - Serge Della-Negra
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay, UMR8608, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Sud 11, Orsay F-91406, France
| | - Aaron B Clubb
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3144, USA
| | - Hansoo Kim
- Microscopy and Imaging Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2257, USA
| | - Amanda E Young
- Materials Characterization Facility, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3122, USA
| | - Emile A Schweikert
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3144, USA
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Hanrieder J, Malmberg P, Ewing AG. Spatial neuroproteomics using imaging mass spectrometry. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2015; 1854:718-31. [PMID: 25582083 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2014.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The nervous system constitutes arguably the most complicated and least understood cellular network in the human body. This consequently manifests itself in the fact that the molecular bases of neurodegenerative diseases remain unknown. The limited understanding of neurobiological mechanisms relates directly to the lack of appropriate bioanalytical technologies that allow highly resolved, sensitive, specific and comprehensive molecular imaging in complex biological matrices. Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) is an emerging technique for molecular imaging. The technique is characterized by its high chemical specificity allowing comprehensive, spatial protein and peptide profiling in situ. Imaging MS represents therefore a powerful approach for investigation of spatio-temporal protein and peptide regulations in CNS derived tissue and cells. This review aims to provide a concise overview of major developments and applications concerning imaging mass spectrometry based protein and peptide profiling in neurobiological and biomedical research. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Neuroproteomics: Applications in Neuroscience and Neurology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Hanrieder
- National Center for Imaging Mass Spectrometry, University of Gothenburg and Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Mölndal, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Per Malmberg
- National Center for Imaging Mass Spectrometry, University of Gothenburg and Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrew G Ewing
- National Center for Imaging Mass Spectrometry, University of Gothenburg and Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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7
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Kucher A, Jackson LM, Lerach JO, Bloom AN, Popczun NJ, Wucher A, Winograd N. Near Infrared (NIR) Strong Field Ionization and Imaging of C60 Sputtered Molecules: Overcoming Matrix Effects and Improving Sensitivity. Anal Chem 2014; 86:8613-20. [DOI: 10.1021/ac501586d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Kucher
- Chemistry
Department, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Chemistry Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Lauren M. Jackson
- Chemistry
Department, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Chemistry Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Jordan O. Lerach
- Chemistry
Department, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Chemistry Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - A. N. Bloom
- Chemistry
Department, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Chemistry Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - N. J. Popczun
- Chemistry
Department, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Chemistry Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Andreas Wucher
- Fachbereich
Physik, Universitaet Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Nicholas Winograd
- Chemistry
Department, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Chemistry Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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8
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Postawa Z, Kanski M, Maciazek D, Paruch RJ, Garrison BJ. Computer simulations of sputtering and fragment formation during keV C60
bombardment of octane and β
-carotene. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.5550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Postawa
- Smoluchowski Institute of Physics; Jagiellonian University; ul. Reymonta 4 30-059 Krakow Poland
| | - Michal Kanski
- Smoluchowski Institute of Physics; Jagiellonian University; ul. Reymonta 4 30-059 Krakow Poland
| | - Dawid Maciazek
- Smoluchowski Institute of Physics; Jagiellonian University; ul. Reymonta 4 30-059 Krakow Poland
| | - Robert J. Paruch
- Department of Chemistry; Penn State University; 104 Chemistry Building, University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Barbara J. Garrison
- Department of Chemistry; Penn State University; 104 Chemistry Building, University Park PA 16802 USA
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9
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Barry PR, Philipp P, Wirtz T, Kieffer J. Mechanisms of silicon sputtering and cluster formation explained by atomic level simulations. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2014; 49:185-194. [PMID: 24619544 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In low-energy secondary ion MS, collision cascades result in rare sputter events or unfavourably low sputter yields. To better identify the origin of emission products generated by low-energy ion impacts, we carried out molecular dynamics simulations of the underlying collision cascades, using a reactive force field that accounts for the dynamic breaking and forming of bonds. A detailed explanation of the cluster formation and ejection processes for atomic oxygen and also atomic silicon bombardment of Si (100) is given for comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Barry
- Science and Analysis of Materials Department, Centre de Recherche Public - Gabriel Lippmann, 41 Rue du Brill, L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg
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10
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Paruch RJ, Garrison BJ, Postawa Z. Computed Molecular Depth Profile for C60 Bombardment of a Molecular solid. Anal Chem 2013; 85:11628-33. [DOI: 10.1021/ac403035a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Paruch
- Department
of Chemistry, Penn State University, 104 Chemistry Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Barbara J. Garrison
- Department
of Chemistry, Penn State University, 104 Chemistry Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Zbigniew Postawa
- Smoluchowski
Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, ul. Reymonta 4, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
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11
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DeBord JD, Verkhoturov SV, Perez LM, North SW, Hall MB, Schweikert EA. Measuring the internal energies of species emitted from hypervelocity nanoprojectile impacts on surfaces using recalibrated benzylpyridinium probe ions. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:214301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4807602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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12
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Hanrieder J, Phan NTN, Kurczy ME, Ewing AG. Imaging mass spectrometry in neuroscience. ACS Chem Neurosci 2013; 4:666-79. [PMID: 23530951 DOI: 10.1021/cn400053c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Imaging mass spectrometry is an emerging technique of great potential for investigating the chemical architecture in biological matrices. Although the potential for studying neurobiological systems is evident, the relevance of the technique for application in neuroscience is still in its infancy. In the present Review, a principal overview of the different approaches, including matrix assisted laser desorption ionization and secondary ion mass spectrometry, is provided with particular focus on their strengths and limitations for studying different neurochemical species in situ and in vitro. The potential of the various approaches is discussed based on both fundamental and biomedical neuroscience research. This Review aims to serve as a general guide to familiarize the neuroscience community and other biomedical researchers with the technique, highlighting its great potential and suitability for comprehensive and specific chemical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Hanrieder
- National Center
for Imaging
Mass Spectrometry, Gothenburg University and Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Analytical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Nhu T. N. Phan
- National Center
for Imaging
Mass Spectrometry, Gothenburg University and Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular
Biology, Analytical Chemistry, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael E. Kurczy
- National Center
for Imaging
Mass Spectrometry, Gothenburg University and Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Analytical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Andrew G. Ewing
- National Center
for Imaging
Mass Spectrometry, Gothenburg University and Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Analytical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular
Biology, Analytical Chemistry, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
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13
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Kennedy PE, Postawa Z, Garrison BJ. Dynamics Displayed by Energetic C60 Bombardment of Metal Overlayers on an Organic Substrate. Anal Chem 2013; 85:2348-55. [DOI: 10.1021/ac303348y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul E. Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry, 104
Chemistry Building, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Zbigniew Postawa
- Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, ul. Reymonta 4, 30-059 Kraków,
Poland
| | - Barbara J. Garrison
- Department of Chemistry, 104
Chemistry Building, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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14
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Brenes DA, Postawa Z, Wucher A, Blenkinsopp P, Garrison BJ, Winograd N. An experimental and theoretical view of energetic C 60 cluster bombardment onto molecular solids. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2013; 45:50-53. [PMID: 26311917 PMCID: PMC4547361 DOI: 10.1002/sia.5077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recent experimental measurements and calculations performed by molecular dynamics computer simulations indicate, for highly energetic C60 primary ions bombarding molecular solids, the emission of intact molecules is unique. An energy- and angle-resolved neutral mass spectrometer coupled with laser photoionization techniques was used to measure the polar angle distribution of neutral benzo[a]pyrene molecules desorbed by 20-keV [Formula: see text] primary ions and observed to peak at off-normal angles integrated over all possible emission energies. Similarly, computer simulations of 20-keV C60 projectiles bombarding a coarse-grained benzene system resulted in calculations of nearly identical polar angle distributions. Upon resolving the measured and calculated polar angle distributions, sputtered molecules with high kinetic energies are the primary contributors to the off-normal peak. Molecules with low kinetic energies were measured and calculated to desorb broadly peaked about the surface normal. The computer simulations suggest the fast deposition of energy from the C60 impact promotes the molecular emission by fluid-flow and effusive-type motions. The signature of off-normal emission angles is unique for molecules because fragmentation processes remove molecules that would otherwise eject near normal to the surface. Experimental measurements from a Ni {001} single crystal bombarded by 20-keV [Formula: see text] demonstrate the absence of this unique signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Brenes
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Chemistry, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Zbigniew Postawa
- Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian Univeristy, ul. Reymonta 4, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Andreas Wucher
- Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Paul Blenkinsopp
- Ionoptika Ltd., Epsilon House Chilworth Science Park, Southampton SO53 4NF, U.K
| | - Barbara J. Garrison
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Chemistry, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Nicholas Winograd
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Chemistry, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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15
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Fletcher JS, Vickerman JC. Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry: Characterizing Complex Samples in Two and Three Dimensions. Anal Chem 2012; 85:610-39. [DOI: 10.1021/ac303088m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John S. Fletcher
- Manchester Institute
of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - John C. Vickerman
- Manchester Institute
of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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16
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Rzeznik L, Paruch R, Garrison BJ, Postawa Z. Sputtering of a coarse-grained benzene and Ag(111) crystals by large Ar clusters - effect of impact angle and cohesive energy. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.4934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Rzeznik
- University of Information Technology and Management; Sucharskiego 2; Rzeszow; Poland
| | - Robert Paruch
- Institute of Physics; Jagiellonian University; Reymonta 4; Kraków; Poland
| | - Barbara J. Garrison
- Department of Chemistry; The Pennsylvania State University; University Park; PA; 16802; USA
| | - Zbigniew Postawa
- Institute of Physics; Jagiellonian University; Reymonta 4; Kraków; Poland
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17
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Postawa Z, Paruch R, Rzeznik L, Garrison BJ. Dynamics of large Ar cluster bombardment of organic solids. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.4927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. Postawa
- Smoluchowski Institute of Physics; Jagiellonian University; ul. Reymonta 4 30-059 Kraków Poland
| | - R. Paruch
- Smoluchowski Institute of Physics; Jagiellonian University; ul. Reymonta 4 30-059 Kraków Poland
| | - L. Rzeznik
- University of Information Technology and Management; ul. Sucharskiego 2 35-225 Rzeszow Poland
| | - B. J. Garrison
- Department of Chemistry; The Pennsylvania State University; University Park PA 16802 USA
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19
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Matsuo J, Ichiki K, Yamamoto Y, Seki T, Aoki T. Depth profiling analysis of damaged arginine films with Ar cluster ion beams. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.4856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Matsuo
- Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Gokasho Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
- CREST; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); Chiyoda Tokyo 102-0075 Japan
| | - K. Ichiki
- Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Gokasho Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Y. Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Gokasho Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - T. Seki
- Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Gokasho Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
- CREST; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); Chiyoda Tokyo 102-0075 Japan
| | - T. Aoki
- Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Gokasho Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
- CREST; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); Chiyoda Tokyo 102-0075 Japan
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20
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Gnaser H, Ichiki K, Matsuo J. Strongly reduced fragmentation and soft emission processes in sputtered ion formation from amino acid films under large Ar(n)+ (n ≤ 2200) cluster ion bombardment. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2012; 26:1-8. [PMID: 22215571 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.5286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of organic and biological substances by secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) has greatly benefited from the use of cluster ions as primary bombarding species. Thereby, depth profiling and three-dimensional (3D) imaging of such systems became feasible. Large Ar(n)(+) cluster ions may constitute a further improvement in this direction. To explore this option, size-selected Ar(n)(+) cluster ions with 300 ≤ n ≤ 2200 (bombarding energies 5.5 and 11 keV) were used to investigate the emission of positive secondary ions from four amino acid specimens (arginine, glycine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine) by time-of-flight SIMS. For all cluster sizes, the protonated molecule of the respective amino acid is observed in the mass spectra. With increasing cluster size the number of fragment ions decreases strongly in relation to the intact molecules, to the extent that the fraction of fragment ions amounts to less than 10% in some cases. Such 'soft' emission processes also lead the ejection of dimers and even multimers of the amino acid molecules. In the case of the phenylalanine, secondary ion species composed of up to at least seven phenylalanine moieties were observed. Tentatively, the ionization probability of the emitted molecules is envisaged to depend on the presence of free protons in the emission zone. Their number can be expected to decrease concurrently with the decreasing amount of fragmentation for large Ar(n)(+) cluster ions (i.e. for low energies per cluster atom).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Gnaser
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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Brenes DA, Postawa Z, Wucher A, Blenkinsopp P, Garrison BJ, Winograd N. Fluid Flow and Effusive Desorption: Dominant Mechanisms of Energy Dissipation after Energetic Cluster Bombardment of Molecular Solids. J Phys Chem Lett 2011; 2:2009-2014. [PMID: 21860689 PMCID: PMC3158660 DOI: 10.1021/jz200708j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The angular distribution of intact organic molecules desorbed by energetic C(60) primary ions was probed both experimentally and with molecular dynamics computer simulations. For benzo[a]pyrene, the angular distribution of intact molecules is observed to peak at off-normal angles. Molecular dynamics computer simulations on a similar system show the mechanism of desorption involves fast deposition of energy followed by fluid-flow and effusive-type emission of intact molecules. The off-normal peak in the angular distribution is shown to arise from emission of intact molecules from the rim of a crater formed during the cluster impact. This signature is unique for molecules because fragmentation processes remove molecules that would otherwise eject at directions near-normal to the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Brenes
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Chemistry, University Park, PA 16802, USAdab390@psu
| | - Zbigniew Postawa
- Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, ul. Reymonta 4, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Andreas Wucher
- Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Paul Blenkinsopp
- Ionoptika Ltd., Epsilon House, Chilworth Science Park, Southampton SO53 4NF, U.K.
| | - Barbara J. Garrison
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Chemistry, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Nicholas Winograd
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Chemistry, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Effect of sample rotation on surface roughness with keV C60 bombardment in secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) experiments. Chem Phys Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Brenes DA, Willingham D, Winograd N, Postawa Z. Temperature effects in the sputtering of a molecular solid by energetic atomic and cluster projectiles. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2011; 43:10.1002/sia.3505. [PMID: 24347745 PMCID: PMC3863433 DOI: 10.1002/sia.3505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Temperature effects in the sputtering of an organic molecule were investigated by subjecting a well defined film of coronene to Au1 and C60 primary ions at 100 and 300 K. Strong field photoionization of the sputtered neutral flux was employed to monitor the change in flight time and kinetic energy distributions of intact and fragmented species.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. A. Brenes
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, 104 Chemistry Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - D. Willingham
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, 104 Chemistry Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - N. Winograd
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, 104 Chemistry Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Z. Postawa
- Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, ul. Reymonta 4, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
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Matsuo J, Ninomiya S, Yamada H, Ichiki K, Wakamatsu Y, Hada M, Seki T, Aoki T. SIMS with highly excited primary beams for molecular depth profiling and imaging of organic and biological materials. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.3585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Garrison BJ. Molecular ions in cluster bombardment: what clues do the molecular dynamics simulations provide? SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.3502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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26
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Webb RP, Garrison BJ, Vickerman JC. The effect of the H:C ratio on the sputtering of molecular solids by fullerenes. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.3421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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27
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Kennedy PE, Garrison BJ, Russo MF, van Duin ACT. Strategies for modeling diverse chemical reactions in molecular dynamics simulations of cluster bombardment. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.3485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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28
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Delcorte A, Garrison BJ, Hamraoui K. Sputtering soft materials with molecular projectiles: a microscopic view. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.3405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Zhou J, Takahashi LK, Wilson KR, Leone SR, Ahmed M. Internal Energies of Ion-Sputtered Neutral Tryptophan and Thymine Molecules Determined by Vacuum Ultraviolet Photoionization. Anal Chem 2010; 82:3905-13. [DOI: 10.1021/ac1004629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhou
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, and Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Lynelle K. Takahashi
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, and Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Kevin R. Wilson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, and Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Stephen R. Leone
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, and Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, and Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
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30
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Delcorte A, Bertrand P, Garrison BJ, Hamraoui K, Mouhib T, Restrepo OA, Santos CN, Yunus S. Probing soft materials with energetic ions and molecules: from microscopic models to the real world. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.3270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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31
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Shard AG, Rafati A, Ogaki R, Lee JLS, Hutton S, Mishra G, Davies MC, Alexander MR. Organic Depth Profiling of a Binary System: the Compositional Effect on Secondary Ion Yield and a Model for Charge Transfer during Secondary Ion Emission. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:11574-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jp904911n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G. Shard
- Quality of Life Division, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, U.K.; Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.; and Kratos Analytical, Wharfside, Trafford Wharf Road, Manchester M17 1GP, U.K
| | - Ali Rafati
- Quality of Life Division, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, U.K.; Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.; and Kratos Analytical, Wharfside, Trafford Wharf Road, Manchester M17 1GP, U.K
| | - Ryosuke Ogaki
- Quality of Life Division, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, U.K.; Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.; and Kratos Analytical, Wharfside, Trafford Wharf Road, Manchester M17 1GP, U.K
| | - Joanna L. S. Lee
- Quality of Life Division, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, U.K.; Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.; and Kratos Analytical, Wharfside, Trafford Wharf Road, Manchester M17 1GP, U.K
| | - Simon Hutton
- Quality of Life Division, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, U.K.; Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.; and Kratos Analytical, Wharfside, Trafford Wharf Road, Manchester M17 1GP, U.K
| | - Gautam Mishra
- Quality of Life Division, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, U.K.; Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.; and Kratos Analytical, Wharfside, Trafford Wharf Road, Manchester M17 1GP, U.K
| | - Martyn C. Davies
- Quality of Life Division, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, U.K.; Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.; and Kratos Analytical, Wharfside, Trafford Wharf Road, Manchester M17 1GP, U.K
| | - Morgan R. Alexander
- Quality of Life Division, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, U.K.; Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.; and Kratos Analytical, Wharfside, Trafford Wharf Road, Manchester M17 1GP, U.K
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Delcorte A, Garrison BJ, Hamraoui K. Dynamics of Molecular Impacts on Soft Materials: From Fullerenes to Organic Nanodrops. Anal Chem 2009; 81:6676-86. [DOI: 10.1021/ac900746x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Delcorte
- Unité PCPM, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1 Croix du Sud, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, and Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - B. J. Garrison
- Unité PCPM, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1 Croix du Sud, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, and Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - K. Hamraoui
- Unité PCPM, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1 Croix du Sud, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, and Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
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