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Kameyama A. Supported Molecular Matrix Electrophoresis. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2763:79-97. [PMID: 38347402 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3670-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Distinct bands of mucins cannot be banded using a gel electrophoresis based on a molecular sieving effect due to their very large molecular weight and remarkable diversity in glycosylation. In contrast, membrane electrophoresis can separate mucins as round bands. Here, we present an analysis of mucin separation via membrane electrophoresis using a porous polyvinylidene difluoride membrane, which is highly stable against chemical modifications and various organic solvents. The separated mucins can not only be stained with dyes but also with antibodies and lectins, and glycans can be released from the excised bands and analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Kameyama
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan.
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2
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Sugiura T, Kameyama A. Preparation of Soluble Mucin Solutions from the Salivary Glands. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2763:45-50. [PMID: 38347398 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3670-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Studying salivary gland mucins is important for elucidating the pathogenesis of salivary gland diseases, including tumors and xerostomia, and developing diagnostic methods for them. Classic methods for isolating mucins from salivary glands require sacrificing several animals to obtain sufficient quantities of mucin and are time-consuming. Supported molecular matrix electrophoresis (SMME) was used to characterize mucins and their glycans. With this method, mucins can be analyzed within 2 days using less than 100 mg of tissue and without using expensive equipment, such as an ultracentrifuge. This chapter describes a method for preparing mucin solutions for SMME analysis of salivary gland mucins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Sugiura
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ushiku Aiwa General Hospital, Ushiku, Japan
- Department of Oral Oncology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ichikawa General Hospital, Tokyo Dental College, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kameyama
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan.
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3
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Dong W, Kameyama A. Succinylation-Alcian Blue Staining of Mucins on Polyvinylidene Difluoride Membrane. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2763:111-117. [PMID: 38347404 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3670-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Mucins are often stained with the basic dye Alcian blue, but mucins with a low acidic glycan content cannot be stained with it. Succinylation-Alcian blue staining is a method that temporarily modifies glycans with succinic acid to visualize mucins with low acidic glycan content. This method can be used to stain mucins on polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes separated via supported molecular matrix electrophoresis (SMME) and mucins blotted onto PVDF membranes from gel electrophoreses. The succinyl groups of the modified glycans can be easily and completely removed by releasing O-glycan from the stained mucin bands. Therefore, the glycans can be analyzed using the same methods as those used for mucins with a high acidic glycan content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Dong
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Akihiko Kameyama
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
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4
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Tamura M, Arata Y. Quantitation of Mucin by Densitometry of an Alcian Blue-Stained Membrane. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2763:119-124. [PMID: 38347405 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3670-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
It is a challenging task to quantify mucin using conventional protein quantification methods due to the large number of glycans attached to the peptide, which make up approximately 50-90% of its molecular weight. To address this issue, we propose a simple quantification method that involves spotting mucins onto a membrane and staining them with Alcian blue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Tamura
- Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yoichiro Arata
- Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Yamada K. 9-Fluorenylmethyl Chloroformate Labeling for O-Glycan Analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2763:159-169. [PMID: 38347409 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3670-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Structural analysis of O-glycans from mucins and characterization of the interaction of these glycans with other biomolecules are essential for a full understanding of mucins. Various techniques have been developed for the structural and functional analysis of glycans. While 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (Fmoc-Cl) is generally used to protect amino groups in peptide synthesis, it can also be used as a glycan-labeling reagent for structural analysis. Fmoc-labeled glycans are strongly fluorescent and can be analyzed with high sensitivity using liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection (LC-FD) analysis as well as being analyzed with high sensitivity by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Fmoc-labeled glycans can be easily delabeled and converted to glycosylamine-form or free (hemiacetal or aldehyde)-form glycans that can be used to fabricate glycan arrays or synthesize glycosyl dendrimers. This derivatization allows for the isolation from biological samples of glycans that are difficult to synthesize chemically, as well as the fabrication of immobilized-glycan devices. The Fmoc labeling method promises to be a tool for accelerating O-glycan structural analysis and an understanding of molecular interactions. In this chapter, we introduce the Fmoc labeling method for analysis of O-glycans and fabrication of O-glycan arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Yamada
- The Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka, Japan.
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6
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Kameyama A. Eliminative Oximation of O-Glycans from Mucins. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2763:151-158. [PMID: 38347408 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3670-1_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The large variety and high concentration of O-glycans are characteristic properties of mucins and play a crucial role in their unique functions. Analyzing the O-glycans of mucins is essential for investigating the functions of mucins. Eliminative oximation is an aqueous reaction that can be used to obtain O-glycan oximes from mucins. Using diazabicyclo undec-7ene (DBU) as a base, an organic superbase that can be removed with an organic solvent during solid-phase extraction, and adding hydroxylamine to the reaction mixture in advance, the O-glycans released from the mucin are immediately converted to the corresponding glycan oximes. The glycan oxime can then be fluorescently labeled with a fluorescent labeling reagent and 2-picoline borane via reductive amination. O-glycans that have been fluorescently labeled can be analyzed using conventional HPLC techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Kameyama
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan.
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Taniguchi M, Okumura R, Matsuzaki T, Nakatani A, Sakaki K, Okamoto S, Ishibashi A, Tani H, Horikiri M, Kobayashi N, Yoshikawa HY, Motooka D, Okuzaki D, Nakamura S, Kida T, Kameyama A, Takeda K. Sialylation shapes mucus architecture inhibiting bacterial invasion in the colon. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:624-641. [PMID: 37385587 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
In the intestine, mucin 2 (Muc2) forms a network structure and prevents bacterial invasion. Glycans are indispensable for Muc2 barrier function. Among various glycosylation patterns of Muc2, sialylation inhibits bacteria-dependent Muc2 degradation. However, the mechanisms by which Muc2 creates the network structure and sialylation prevents mucin degradation remain unknown. Here, by focusing on two glycosyltransferases, St6 N-acetylgalactosaminide α-2,6-sialyltransferase 6 (St6galnac6) and β-1,3-galactosyltransferase 5 (B3galt5), mediating the generation of desialylated glycans, we show that sialylation forms the network structure of Muc2 by providing negative charge and hydrophilicity. The colonic mucus of mice lacking St6galnac6 and B3galt5 was less sialylated, thinner, and more permeable to microbiota, resulting in high susceptibility to intestinal inflammation. Mice with a B3galt5 mutation associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) also showed the loss of desialylated glycans of mucus and the high susceptibility to intestinal inflammation, suggesting that the reduced sialylation of Muc2 is associated with the pathogenesis of IBD. In mucins of mice with reduced sialylation, negative charge was reduced, the network structure was disturbed, and many bacteria invaded. Thus, sialylation mediates the negative charging of Muc2 and facilitates the formation of the mucin network structure, thereby inhibiting bacterial invasion in the colon to maintain gut homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mugen Taniguchi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical Innovations, New Drug Research Division, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ryu Okumura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahisa Matsuzaki
- Center for Future Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ayaka Nakatani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kei Sakaki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shota Okamoto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Airi Ishibashi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruka Tani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Momoka Horikiri
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naritaka Kobayashi
- Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Y Yoshikawa
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Infection Metagenomics, Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Infection Metagenomics, Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shota Nakamura
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kida
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kameyama
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takeda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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Sugiura T, Hashimoto K, Kikuta K, Anazawa U, Nomura T, Kameyama A. Expression and localisation of MUC1 modified with sialylated core-2 O-glycans in mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5752. [PMID: 37031283 PMCID: PMC10082819 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32597-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most frequent of the rare salivary gland malignancies. We previously reported high expression of Mucin 1 (MUC1) modified with sialylated core-2 O-glycans in MEC by using tissue homogenates. In this study, we characterised glycan structures of MEC and identified the localisation of cells expressing these distinctive glycans on MUC1. Mucins were extracted from the frozen tissues of three patients with MEC, and normal salivary glands (NSGs) extracted from seven patients, separated by supported molecular matrix electrophoresis (SMME) and the membranes stained with various lectins. In addition, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections from three patients with MEC were subjected to immunohistochemistry (IHC) with various monoclonal antibodies and analysed for C2GnT-1 expression by in situ hybridisation (ISH). Lectin blotting of the SMME membranes revealed that glycans on MUC1 from MEC samples contained α2,3-linked sialic acid. In IHC, MUC1 was diffusely detected at MEC-affected regions but was specifically detected at apical membranes in NSGs. ISH showed that C2GnT-1 was expressed at the MUC1-positive in MEC-affected regions but not in the NSG. MEC cells produced MUC1 modified with α2,3-linked sialic acid-containing core-2 O-glycans. MUC1 containing these glycans deserves further study as a new potential diagnostic marker of MEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Sugiura
- Department of Oral Oncology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ichikawa General Hospital, Tokyo Dental College, 5-11-13 Sugano, Ichikawa-Shi, Chiba, 272-8513, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Ichikawa General Hospital, Tokyo Dental College, 5-11-13 Sugano, Ichikawa-Shi, Chiba, 272-8513, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Kikuta
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology and Orthopaedic Surgery, Tochigi Cancer Center, 4-9-13 Yohnan, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-0834, Japan
| | - Ukei Anazawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ichikawa General Hospital, Tokyo Dental College, 5-11-13 Sugano, Ichikawa-Shi, Chiba, 272-8513, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nomura
- Department of Oral Oncology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ichikawa General Hospital, Tokyo Dental College, 5-11-13 Sugano, Ichikawa-Shi, Chiba, 272-8513, Japan
- Oral Cancer Center, Tokyo Dental College, 5-11-13 Sugano, Ichikawa-Shi, Chiba, 272-8513, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kameyama
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan.
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9
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Isaka E, Sugiura T, Hashimoto K, Kikuta K, Anazawa U, Nomura T, Kameyama A. Characterization of tumor-associated MUC1 and its glycans expressed in mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:702. [PMID: 34457057 PMCID: PMC8358622 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is one of the most frequently misdiagnosed tumors. Glycans are modulated by malignant transformation. Mucin 1 (MUC1) is a mucin whose expression is upregulated in various tumors, including MEC, and it has previously been investigated as a diagnostic and prognostic tumor marker. The present study aimed to reveal the differences in the mucin glycans between MEC and normal salivary glands (NSGs) to discover novel diagnostic markers. Soluble fractions of salivary gland homogenate prepared from three MEC salivary glands and 7 NSGs were evaluated. Mucins in MEC and NSGs were separated using supported molecular matrix electrophoresis, and stained with Alcian blue and monoclonal antibodies. The glycans of the separated mucins were analyzed by mass spectrometry. MUC1 was found in MEC but not in NSGs, and almost all glycans of MUC1 in MEC were sialylated, whereas the glycans of mucins in NSGs were less sialylated. The core 2 type glycans, (Hex)2(HexNAc)2(NeuAc)1 and (Hex)2(HexNAc)2(NeuAc)2, were found to be significantly abundant glycans of MUC1 in MEC. MEC markedly produced MUC1 modified with sialylated core 2 glycans. These data were obtained from the soluble fractions of salivary gland homogenates. These findings provide a basis for the utilization of MUC1 as a serum diagnostic marker for the preoperative diagnosis of MEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisaku Isaka
- Department of Oral Oncology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ichikawa General Hospital, Tokyo Dental College, Ichikawa-shi, Chiba 272-8513, Japan
| | - Takanori Sugiura
- Department of Oral Oncology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ichikawa General Hospital, Tokyo Dental College, Ichikawa-shi, Chiba 272-8513, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Ichikawa General Hospital, Tokyo Dental College, Ichikawa-shi, Chiba 272-8513, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Kikuta
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology and Orthopaedic Surgery, Tochigi Cancer Center, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 320-0834, Japan
| | - Ukei Anazawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Ichikawa-shi, Chiba 272-8513, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nomura
- Department of Oral Oncology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ichikawa General Hospital, Tokyo Dental College, Ichikawa-shi, Chiba 272-8513, Japan.,Oral Cancer Center, Tokyo Dental College, Ichikawa-shi, Chiba 272-8513, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kameyama
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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Barik D, Bejugam PR, Nayak C, Mohanty KT, Singha A, Declercq HA, Dash M. Polymer-Protein Hybrid Network Involving Mucin: A Mineralized Biomimetic Template for Bone Tissue Engineering. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2000381. [PMID: 33871165 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Biomimetic matrices offer a great advantage to understand several biological processes including regeneration. The study involves the development of a hybrid biomimetic scaffold and the uniqueness lies in the use of mucin, as a constituent protein. Through this study, the role of the protein in bone regeneration is deciphered through its development as a 3D model. As a first step towards understanding the protein, the interactions of mucin and collagen are determined by in silico studies considering that collagen is the most abundant protein in the bone microenvironment. Both proteins are reported to be involved in bone biology though the exact role of mucin is a topic of investigation. The in silico studies of collagen-mucin suggest to have a proper affinity toward each other, forming a strong basis for 3D scaffold development. The developed 3D scaffold is a double network system comprising of mucin and collagen and vinyl end functionalized polyethylene glycol. In situ deposition of mineral crystals has been performed enzymatically. Biological evaluation of these mineral deposited scaffolds is done in terms of their bone regeneration potential and a comparison of the two systems with and without mineral deposition is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debyashreeta Barik
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India.,School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Pruthvi Raj Bejugam
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
| | - Chumki Nayak
- Department of Physics, Main Campus, Bose Institute, A. P. C Road, Kolkata, 700009, India
| | | | - Achintya Singha
- Department of Physics, Main Campus, Bose Institute, A. P. C Road, Kolkata, 700009, India
| | - Heidi A Declercq
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Tissue Engineering lab, KU Leuven, E. Sabbelaan 53, Kortrijk, 8500, Belgium
| | - Mamoni Dash
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
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Bmi-1 regulates mucin levels and mucin O-glycosylation in the submandibular gland of mice. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245607. [PMID: 33465144 PMCID: PMC7815129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucins, the major components of salivary mucus, are large glycoproteins abundantly modified with O-glycans. Mucins present on the surface of oral tissues contribute greatly to the maintenance of oral hygiene by selectively adhering to the surfaces of microbes via mucin O-glycans. However, due to the complex physicochemical properties of mucins, there have been relatively few detailed analyses of the mechanisms controlling the expression of mucin genes and the glycosyltransferase genes involved in glycosylation. Analysis performed using supported molecular matrix electrophoresis, a methodology developed for mucin analysis, and knockout mice without the polycomb group protein Bmi-1 revealed that Bmi-1 regulates mucin levels in the submandibular gland by suppressing the expression of the mucin Smgc gene, and that Bmi-1 also regulates mucin O-glycosylation via suppression of the glycosyltransferase Gcnt3 gene in the submandibular gland.
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Liu D, Liu G, Li Y, Wang Y, Zheng Y, Sha S, Li W, Kameyama A, Dong W. Rapid glycosylation analysis of mouse serum glycoproteins separated by supported molecular matrix electrophoresis. J Proteomics 2021; 234:104098. [PMID: 33421637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.104098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we developed a novel separation technique, namely, supported molecular matrix electrophoresis (SMME), which separates mucins on a PVDF membrane that impregnated with a hydrophilic polymer (such as polyvinyl alcohol), so it has the characteristics that are compatible with glycan analysis of the separated bands. Here, we describe the first instance of the application of SMME to mouse sera fractionation and demonstrate their differences from the pooled human sera fractionation by SMME. Furthermore, we have developed a fixation method for the lectin blotting of SMME-separated glycoproteins by immersing the SMME membranes into acetone solvent followed by heating. It showed that the amount of protein samples required for SMME were reduced more than 4-fold than that of the process of SDS-PAGE. We applied these techniques for the detection of glycosylation patterns of serum proteins from Fut8+/+ and Fut8-/- mice, further analyzed N-linked and O-linked glycans from the separated γ-bands by mass spectrometry, and demonstrated that there are α2,8-sialylated O-glycans contained in mouse sera glycoproteins. SMME can provide simple, rapid sera fractionation, glycan profiling differences between the bands of two samples and a new insight into the underlying mechanism that responsible for related diseases. SIGNIFICANCE: We describe that the first application of SMME can separate mouse serum proteins into six bands and identify the major protein components of each fraction in mouse serum separated by SMME. Furthermore, we successfully developed a fixation method for lectin blotting of SMME-separated glycoproteins and applied to the detection of glycosylation patterns of serum glycoproteins from Fut8+/+ and Fut8-/- mice, also, the method is promising for detecting glycan profiling differences between two samples in both research and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqi Liu
- China Medical University - The Queen's University of Belfast Joint College, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Shanshan Sha
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenzhe Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Akihiko Kameyama
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Open Space Laboratory C-2, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Weijie Dong
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China.
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13
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Kameyama A, Thet Tin WW, Nishijima R, Yamakoshi K. Alteration of mucins in the submandibular gland during aging in mice. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 121:104967. [PMID: 33197804 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mucins are large glycosylated glycoproteins that are produced in the salivary glands, and their changes may contribute to the development of xerostomia due to aging and the accompanying deterioration of oral hygiene. This study aimed to characterize the changes in the mucins produced in submandibular gland (SMG) during the aging process. METHODS SMG mucins derived from mice of each age were separated using supported molecular matrix electrophoresis (SMME). Subsequently, the membranes were stained with Alcian blue (AB) or blotted with MAL-II lectin. The SMME membranes stained with AB were subjected to densitometric analysis and glycan analysis. The detailed structures of O-glycan were investigated by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). RESULTS The SMG of mice secreted three mucins with different glycan profiles: age-specific mucin, youth-specific mucin, and a mucin expressed throughout life, and the expression patterns of these mucins change during aging. Additionally, age-specific mucin began to be detected at about 12 months of age. A mucin expressed throughout life and age-specific mucin had the same mass of major glycans but different structures. Furthermore, the proportion of mucin glycan species expressed throughout life changed during the aging process, and aging tended to decrease the proportion of fucosylated glycans and increase the proportion of sialoglycans. CONCLUSION There are three secretory mucins with different glycan profiles in the SMG of mice, and their expression patterns change according to the period of the aging process. The proportion of glycan species of mucin expressed throughout life also changes during the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Kameyama
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Wai Wai Thet Tin
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Risa Nishijima
- Department of Mechanism of Aging, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Kimi Yamakoshi
- Department of Mechanism of Aging, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan.
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14
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Matsuzawa T, Kameyama A, Yaoi K. Identification and characterization of α-xylosidase involved in xyloglucan degradation in Aspergillus oryzae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:201-210. [PMID: 31781819 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10244-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus oryzae produces hydrolases involved in xyloglucan degradation and induces the expression of genes encoding xyloglucan oligosaccharide hydrolases in the presence of xyloglucan oligosaccharides. A gene encoding α-xylosidase (termed AxyA), which is induced in the presence of xyloglucan oligosaccharides, is identified and expressed in Pichia pastoris. AxyA is a member of the glycoside hydrolase family 31 (GH31). AxyA hydrolyzes isoprimeverose (α-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→6)-D-glucopyranose) into D-xylose and D-glucose and shows hydrolytic activity with other xyloglucan oligosaccharides such as XXXG (heptasaccharide, Glc4Xyl3) and XLLG (nonasaccharide, Glc4Xyl3Gal2). Isoprimeverose is a preferred AxyA substrate over other xyloglucan oligosaccharides. In the hydrolysis of XXXG, AxyA releases one molecule of D-xylose from one molecule of XXXG to yield GXXG (hexasaccharide, Glc4Xyl2). AxyA does not contain a signal peptide for secretion and remains within the cell. The intracellular localization of AxyA may help determine the order of hydrolases acting on xyloglucan oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Matsuzawa
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan.
| | - Akihiko Kameyama
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8568, Japan
| | - Katsuro Yaoi
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
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15
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Abstract
Western blotting is the most extensively used technique for the identification and characterisation of proteins and their expression levels. One of the major issues with this technique is the loss of proteins from the blotted membrane during the incubation and washing steps, which affects its sensitivity and reproducibility. Here, we have optimised the fixation conditions for immunoblotting and lectin blotting on electroblotted polyvinylidene difluoride and nitrocellulose membranes, using a combination of organic solvents and heating. Loss of proteins from polyvinylidene difluoride membranes was greatly reduced using this approach, the intensity of lectin blotting and immunoblotting was shown to increase 2.8- to 15-fold and 1.8- to 16-fold, respectively, compared with that samples without treated. Using the optimised method, cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator and hypoxia-inducible factor 1, two difficult-to-analyse proteins with important physiological and pathological roles, were effectively detected. Additionally, it may help the identification of novel diagnostic markers for prostate cancer.
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16
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A practical method of liberating O-linked glycans from glycoproteins using hydroxylamine and an organic superbase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 513:186-192. [PMID: 30952424 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
O-Linked glycan liberation from proteins through reductive beta-elimination and hydrazinolysis is widely used, but have yet to satisfy the recent needs for glycan analysis in glycan biomarker research and microheterogeneity evaluation of biopharmaceutical glycosylation. Here, we introduce an alternative method by using hydroxylamine and an organic superbase, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), and optimize the reaction conditions. The developed method afforded comparable results to those of hydrazinolysis, but with less degraded products. In addition, we examined the compatibility of the optimized O-linked glycan liberation with denaturant and detergents. The optimized method also released glycans containing NeuGc without degradation or deacylation. To demonstrate the feasibility of the developed method, we analyzed O-linked glycans of porcine submaxillary mucins separated by supported molecular matrix electrophoresis (SMME) which is previously developed to characterize mucins. The method for O-linked glycan liberation and fluorescent labeling presented here was easy and rapid, and will be practically useful for O-linked glycan analyses.
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17
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A sialo-oligosaccharide-rich mucin-like molecule specifically detected in the submandibular glands of aged mice. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 97:52-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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A rapid separation and characterization of mucins from mouse submandibular glands by supported molecular matrix electrophoresis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2019; 1867:76-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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19
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Geng P, Feng C, Zhu L, Zhang J, Wang F, Liu K, Xu Z, Zhang W. Evaluation of Sialic Acid Expression on Cancer Cells via an Electrochemical Assay Based on Biocompatible Au@BSA Architecture and Lectin-modified Nanoprobes. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201500632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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20
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Niu Y, He J, Li Y, Zhao Y, Xia C, Yuan G, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Yu C. Multi-purpose electrochemical biosensor based on a “green” homobifunctional cross-linker coupled with PAMAM dendrimer grafted p-MWCNTs as a platform: application to detect α2,3-sialylated glycans and α2,6-sialylated glycans in human serum. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra03570a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialylated glycans are crucial molecular targets for cancer diagnosis and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhen Niu
- Institute of Life Science and School of Public Health
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 400016
- P. R. China
| | - Junlin He
- Institute of Life Science and School of Public Health
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 400016
- P. R. China
| | - Yuliang Li
- Institute of Life Science and School of Public Health
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 400016
- P. R. China
| | - Yilin Zhao
- Institute of Life Science and School of Public Health
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 400016
- P. R. China
| | - Chunyong Xia
- Institute of Life Science and School of Public Health
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 400016
- P. R. China
| | - Guolin Yuan
- Institute of Life Science and School of Public Health
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 400016
- P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Life Science and School of Public Health
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 400016
- P. R. China
| | - Yuchan Zhang
- Institute of Life Science and School of Public Health
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 400016
- P. R. China
| | - Chao Yu
- Institute of Life Science and School of Public Health
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 400016
- P. R. China
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21
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Abstract
Mucins are difficult to separate using conventional gel electrophoresis methods such as SDS-PAGE and agarose gel electrophoresis, owing to their large size and heterogeneity. On the other hand, cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis can separate these molecules, but is not compatible with glycan analysis. Here, we describe a novel membrane electrophoresis technique, termed "supported molecular matrix electrophoresis" (SMME), in which a porous polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane filter is used to achieve separation. This description includes the separation, visualization, and glycan analysis of mucins with the SMME technique.
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22
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: an update for 2009-2010. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2015; 34:268-422. [PMID: 24863367 PMCID: PMC7168572 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This review is the sixth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2010. General aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, arrays and fragmentation are covered in the first part of the review and applications to various structural typed constitutes the remainder. The main groups of compound that are discussed in this section are oligo and polysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals. Many of these applications are presented in tabular form. Also discussed are medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions and applications to chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Harvey
- Department of BiochemistryOxford Glycobiology InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3QUUK
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23
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Kinoshita E, Kinoshita-Kikuta E, Koike T. The Cutting Edge of Affinity Electrophoresis Technology. Proteomes 2015; 3:42-55. [PMID: 28248262 PMCID: PMC5302491 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes3010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Affinity electrophoresis is an important technique that is widely used to separate and analyze biomolecules in the fields of biology and medicine. Both quantitative and qualitative information can be gained through affinity electrophoresis. Affinity electrophoresis can be applied through a variety of strategies, such as mobility shift electrophoresis, charge shift electrophoresis or capillary affinity electrophoresis. These strategies are based on changes in the electrophoretic patterns of biological macromolecules that result from interactions or complex-formation processes that induce changes in the size or total charge of the molecules. Nucleic acid fragments can be characterized through their affinity to other molecules, for example transcriptional factor proteins. Hydrophobic membrane proteins can be identified by means of a shift in the mobility induced by a charged detergent. The various strategies have also been used in the estimation of association/disassociation constants. Some of these strategies have similarities to affinity chromatography, in that they use a probe or ligand immobilized on a supported matrix for electrophoresis. Such methods have recently contributed to profiling of major posttranslational modifications of proteins, such as glycosylation or phosphorylation. Here, we describe advances in analytical techniques involving affinity electrophoresis that have appeared during the last five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Kinoshita
- Department of Functional Molecular Science, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Emiko Kinoshita-Kikuta
- Department of Functional Molecular Science, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Tohru Koike
- Department of Functional Molecular Science, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
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24
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Succinylation-Alcian Blue Staining of Mucins on Polyvinylidene Difluoride Membranes. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1314:325-31. [PMID: 26139280 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2718-0_33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Alcian blue staining has been widely used to visualize acidic mucins and mucopolysaccharides in supported molecular matrix electrophoresis (SMME) and on membrane transferred from electrophoresis gels. Mucins with low acidic glycan content, however, cannot be stained with Alcian blue, which is one of the major drawbacks of this staining method. On the other hand, periodic acid-Schiff staining can selectively visualize glycoproteins, including mucins, regardless of the acidic residue content; however, periodic acid-Schiff staining decomposes glycans. Here, we introduce succinylation-Alcian blue staining as an alternative staining method to visualize mucins, regardless of the acidic residue content, and without glycan decomposition.
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25
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Supported molecular matrix electrophoresis: a new membrane electrophoresis for characterizing glycoproteins. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1200:327-33. [PMID: 25117247 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1292-6_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Protein blotting is often used for identification and characterization of proteins on a membrane to which proteins separated by gel electrophoresis are transferred. The transferring process is sometimes problematic, in particular, for mucins and proteoglycans. Here, we describe a novel membrane electrophoresis technique, termed supported molecular matrix electrophoresis (SMME), in which a porous polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane filter is used as the separation support. Proteins separated by this method can be immunoblotted without any transferring procedures.
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26
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Matsuno YK, Dong W, Yokoyama S, Yonezawa S, Narimatsu H, Kameyama A. Identification of mucins by using a method involving a combination of on-membrane chemical deglycosylation and immunostaining. J Immunol Methods 2013; 394:125-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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27
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Dong W, Matsuno YK, Kameyama A. Serum protein fractionation using supported molecular matrix electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:2432-9. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Dong
- Bioproduction Research Institute; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST); Open Space Laboratory C-2; Tsukuba; Ibaraki; Japan
| | - Yu-ki Matsuno
- Bioproduction Research Institute; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST); Open Space Laboratory C-2; Tsukuba; Ibaraki; Japan
| | - Akihiko Kameyama
- Bioproduction Research Institute; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST); Open Space Laboratory C-2; Tsukuba; Ibaraki; Japan
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28
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Kato K, Takegawa Y, Ralston KS, Gilchrist CA, Hamano S, Petri WA, Shinohara Y. Sialic acid-dependent attachment of mucins from three mouse strains to Entamoeba histolytica. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 436:252-8. [PMID: 23726913 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mouse strain-specific differences in the carbohydrate composition of intestinal mucins were hypothesized to account for strain-dependent susceptibility to Entamoeba histolytica. To test this hypothesis, intestinal mucins from susceptible and resistant inbred strains of mice were analyzed for their O-glycan content and for their ability to inhibit amoebic adherence to (GalNAc)12-27-HSA neo-glycoproteins. The results showed that the colorectal mucin O-glycan of susceptible CBA mice was lower in sialic acid content than that of resistant C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. Mucins from CBA mice were more potent inhibitors of E. histolytica adherence to neo-glycoproteins than were mucins from C57BL/6 or BALB/c mice. Consistent with the role of terminal Gal/GalNAc as a receptor for amoebic adherence, sialidase treatment of C57BL/6 and BALB/c colorectal mucins increased their ability to inhibit E. histolytica adherence to the neo-glycoproteins. These results provide evidence of mouse strain-specific differences in the sialic acids content of mucin O-glycans. These dissimilarities likely contribute to the differential susceptibility of the three mouse strains to E. histolytica infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Kato
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.
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29
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Dong W, Matsuno YK, Kameyama A. A procedure for Alcian blue staining of mucins on polyvinylidene difluoride membranes. Anal Chem 2012; 84:8461-6. [PMID: 22950532 DOI: 10.1021/ac301678z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The isolation and characterization of mucins are critically important for obtaining insight into the molecular pathology of various diseases, including cancers and cystic fibrosis. Recently, we developed a novel membrane electrophoretic method, supported molecular matrix electrophoresis (SMME), which separates mucins on a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane impregnated with a hydrophilic polymer. Alcian blue staining is widely used to visualize mucopolysaccharides and acidic mucins on both blotted membranes and SMME membranes; however, this method cannot be used to stain mucins with a low acidic glycan content. Meanwhile, periodic acid-Schiff staining can selectively visualize glycoproteins, including mucins, but is incompatible with glycan analysis, which is indispensable for mucin characterizations. Here we describe a novel staining method, designated succinylation-Alcian blue staining, for visualizing mucins on a PVDF membrane. This method can visualize mucins regardless of the acidic residue content and shows a sensitivity 2-fold higher than that of Pro-Q Emerald 488, a fluorescent periodate Schiff-base stain. Furthermore, we demonstrate the compatibility of this novel staining procedure with glycan analysis using porcine gastric mucin as a model mucin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Dong
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Open Space Laboratory C-2, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
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30
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Saito S, Massie TL, Maeda T, Nakazumi H, Colyer CL. A long-wavelength fluorescent squarylium cyanine dye possessing boronic acid for sensing monosaccharides and glycoproteins with high enhancement in aqueous solution. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2012; 12:5420-31. [PMID: 22778592 PMCID: PMC3386691 DOI: 10.3390/s120505420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 04/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence sensing of saccharides and glycoproteins using a boronic acid functionalized squarylium cyanine dye ("SQ-BA") is characterized in terms of synthetic, fluorometric, thermodynamic and kinetic parameters. In our previous work, this newly synthesized dye was successfully applied to the separation and quantification of Gram-positive bacteria by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (CE-LIF); however, the fundamental properties of the dye and its saccharide complexes still required elucidation, as presented in this paper. The dye itself forms nonemissive, soluble aggregates in aqueous solution. With the addition of a monosaccharide, the dye aggregate dissociates to form an emissive monomer accompanied by the formation of a cyclic cis-diol ester with long-wavelength emission (λ(ex) = 630 nm, λ(em) = 660 nm). A very large fluorescence enhancement factor of 18× was observed for the sensing dye as a fructose complex at pH 10, yielding a limit of detection of 10 μM fructose. The relative order of fluorescence enhancement of SQ-BA with other monosaccharides was found to be: fructose > ribose > arabinose ≈ galactose > xylose > mannose > rhamnose > fucose ≈ glucose; and apparent affinity constants of 10(2.80), 10(2.08) and 10(0.86) M(-1) were determined for fructose, ribose and glucose, respectively. Formation of the emissive complexes occurred within minutes, proving the kinetics of the sugar-dye interactions to be suitable for on-column labeling methods in CE-LIF. Furthermore, the sensing dye was successfully applied to glycoproteins, mucin type I-S and type III, which were detected with high sensitivity in batch aqueous solution as a result of the sugar-selective boronic acid-diol esterification as well as hydrophobic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Saito
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan; E-Mail:
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Tara L. Massie
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Takeshi Maeda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; E-Mails: (T.M.); (H.N.)
| | - Hiroyuki Nakazumi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; E-Mails: (T.M.); (H.N.)
| | - Christa L. Colyer
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA; E-Mail:
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31
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Furukawa JI, Fujitani N, Araki K, Takegawa Y, Kodama K, Shinohara Y. A Versatile Method for Analysis of Serine/Threonine Posttranslational Modifications by β-Elimination in the Presence of Pyrazolone Analogues. Anal Chem 2011; 83:9060-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac2019848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ichi Furukawa
- Laboratory of Medical and Functional Glycomics, Graduate School of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Naoki Fujitani
- Laboratory of Medical and Functional Glycomics, Graduate School of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Kayo Araki
- Laboratory of Medical and Functional Glycomics, Graduate School of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Takegawa
- Laboratory of Medical and Functional Glycomics, Graduate School of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Kota Kodama
- Laboratory of Medical and Functional Glycomics, Graduate School of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Yasuro Shinohara
- Laboratory of Medical and Functional Glycomics, Graduate School of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
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32
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Yonezawa S, Higashi M, Yamada N, Yokoyama S, Kitamoto S, Kitajima S, Goto M. Mucins in human neoplasms: clinical pathology, gene expression and diagnostic application. Pathol Int 2011; 61:697-716. [PMID: 22126377 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2011.02734.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mucins are high molecular weight glycoproteins that play important roles in carcinogenesis and tumor invasion. Our immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that MUC1 or MUC4 expression is related to the aggressive behavior and poor outcome of human neoplasms. MUC2 is expressed in indolent pancreatobiliary neoplasms, but these tumors sometimes show invasive growth with MUC1 expression in invasive areas. MUC5AC shows de novo high expression in many types of precancerous lesions of pancreatobiliary cancers and is an effective marker for early detection of the neoplasms. The combination of MUC1, MUC2, MUC4 and MUC5AC expression may be useful for early detection and evaluation of the potential for malignancy of pancreatobiliary neoplasms. Regarding the mechanism of mucin expression, we have recently reported that expression of the mucin genes is regulated epigenetically in cancer cell lines, using quantitative MassARRAY analysis, methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis, with confirmation by the treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine and trichostatin A. We have also developed a monoclonal antibody against the MUC1 cytoplasmic tail domain, which has many biological roles. Based on all of the above findings, we suggest that translational research into mucin gene expression mechanisms, including epigenetics, may provide new tools for early and accurate detection of human neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Yonezawa
- Department of Human Pathology, Field of Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan.
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33
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Matsuno YK, Dong W, Yokoyama S, Yonezawa S, Saito T, Gotoh M, Narimatsu H, Kameyama A. Improved method for immunostaining of mucin separated by supported molecular matrix electrophoresis by optimizing the matrix composition and fixation procedure. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:1829-36. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Revised: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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34
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Zhang X, Teng Y, Fu Y, Xu L, Zhang S, He B, Wang C, Zhang W. Lectin-Based Biosensor Strategy for Electrochemical Assay of Glycan Expression on Living Cancer Cells. Anal Chem 2010; 82:9455-60. [DOI: 10.1021/ac102132p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinai Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People’s Republic of China, and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingqiao Teng
- Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People’s Republic of China, and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People’s Republic of China, and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Xu
- Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People’s Republic of China, and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengping Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People’s Republic of China, and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bei He
- Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People’s Republic of China, and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuangui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People’s Republic of China, and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People’s Republic of China, and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People’s Republic of China
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Yonezawa S, Higashi M, Yamada N, Yokoyama S, Goto M. Significance of mucin expression in pancreatobiliary neoplasms. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2009; 17:108-24. [PMID: 19787286 DOI: 10.1007/s00534-009-0174-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2009] [Accepted: 08/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mucins are high molecular weight glycoproteins that play important roles in carcinogenesis and tumor invasion. We have described, for the first time, that pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) with an aggressive behavior and a poor outcome expressed MUC1 (pan-epithelial membrane-associated mucin) but did not express MUC2 (intestinal-type secreted mucin), whereas intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) with indolent behavior and a favorable outcome did not express MUC1 but did express MUC2. These expression profiles of MUC1 and MUC2 related to the prognoses of the patients were also observed in biliary neoplasms such as intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC)-mass-forming type (MF), mucin-producing bile duct tumor (MPBT), and extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma (EHBDC). We also found recently that high expression of MUC4 (tracheobronchial membrane-associated mucin) in PDACs, ICCs-MF, and EHBDCs was a new independent poor prognostic factor, although MUC4 was not expressed in normal pancreatobiliary tissue. High de novo expression of MUC5AC (gastric-type secreted mucin) was observed in many types of pancreatobiliary neoplasms, including all grades of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and biliary intraepithelial neoplasia (BilIN), and all types of IPMNs and MPBTs, as well as PDACs and ICCs-MF, although MUC5AC was not expressed in normal pancreatobiliary tissue. The combined status of MUC1, MUC2, MUC4, and MUC5AC expression may be useful for the early detection of pancreatobiliary neoplasms and evaluation of their malignancy. In regard to the mechanism of mucin expression, we have recently reported that MUC1, MUC2, MUC4, and MUC5AC gene expression is regulated by epigenetics (DNA methylation and histone H3 lysine 9 modification) in cancer cell lines, including PDAC cells. Translational research of mucin gene expression mechanisms, including epigenetics, in pancreatobiliary neoplasms may give us new tools for the early and accurate detection of these neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Yonezawa
- Department of Human Pathology, Field of Oncology, Course of Advanced Therapeutics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
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