1
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Yamada K, Miyagawa A, Honma R, Nagatomo S, Nakatani K. Effect of Organic Solvent on the Mass Transfer Mechanism of Coumarin 102 in a Single Octadecylsilyl Silica Gel/Organic Solvent-Water System by Laser Trapping and Fluorescence Microspectroscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:14303-14310. [PMID: 38958592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Understanding mass transfer kinetics within individual porous particles is crucial for theoretically explaining the retention and elution behaviors in chromatography and drug delivery. Using laser trapping and fluorescence microspectroscopy, we investigated the diffusion mechanism of coumarin 102 (C102) into single octadecylsilyl particle in acetonitrile (ACN)/water, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)/water, and 1-butanol (BuOH)/water solutions. The intraparticle diffusion behavior of C102 was evaluated using the spherical diffusion equation, allowing us to determine the intraparticle diffusion coefficients (Dintra): (8-10) × 10-9 cm2 s-1 for ACN, (10-16) × 10-9 cm2 s-1 for DMF, and (4-6) × 10-9 cm2 s-1 for BuOH. The obtained Dintra values were further analyzed using a pore and surface diffusion model. Thus, we revealed that the diffusion mechanism of C102 differed depending on the organic solvent: surface diffusion for ACN and DMF and pore and surface diffusions for BuOH were observed. This difference is attributed to the formation of a concentrated liquid phase of ACN and DMF at the interface of the alkyl chain and the bulk solution in the pore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Akihisa Miyagawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Ren Honma
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Shigenori Nagatomo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Kiyoharu Nakatani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
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2
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Steinhoff A, Höltzel A, Trebel N, Tallarek U. Mobile-Phase Contributions to Organic-Solvent Excess Adsorption and Surface Diffusion in Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:10554-10568. [PMID: 36469753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c06871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fast transport of retained analytes in reversed-phase liquid chromatography occurs through surface diffusion in the organic-solvent (OS)-enriched interfacial "ditch" region between the hydrophobic stationary phase and the water (W)-OS mobile phase. Through molecular dynamics simulations that recover the OS excess adsorption isotherms of a typical C18-stationary phase for methanol and acetonitrile, we explore the relation between OS properties, OS excess adsorption, and surface diffusion. The emerging molecular-level picture attributes the mobile-phase contribution to surface diffusion to the hydrogen-bond capability and the eluting power of the OS. The higher affinity of methanol for the formation of W-OS hydrogen bonds at the soft, hydrophobic surface presented by the bonded-phase (C18) chains reduces the OS excess and the related viscosity drop in the ditch. The lower eluting power of methanol, however, translates to increased bonded-phase contacts for analytes, which can increase their mobility gain from surface diffusion above the gain observed with acetonitrile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Steinhoff
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032Marburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Höltzel
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032Marburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Trebel
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Tallarek
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032Marburg, Germany
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3
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Kuvshinov GV, Surovegin AV, Bakanov MO, Maslov AV. Palladium Complex of Camphor-Substituted Tetrapyrazinoporphyrazine as a Stationary Phase of Gas Chromatography. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363221120318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Klimek-Turek A, Misiołek B, Dzido TH. Comparison of the Retention and Separation Selectivity of Aromatic Hydrocarbons with Polar Groups in RP-HPLC Systems with Different Stationary Phases and Eluents. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215070. [PMID: 33139630 PMCID: PMC7663032 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In this manuscript, the retention of aromatic hydrocarbons with polar groups has been compared for systems with various nonpolar columns of the types from C3 to C18 and different mobile phases composed of methanol, acetonitrile, or tetrahydrofuran as modifiers. The selectivity separation of the solutes in systems with different adsorbents, when one eluent modifier is swapped by another, has been explained, taking into account molecular interactions of the solutes with components of the stationary phase region (i.e., extracted modifier depending on the chain length of the stationary phase).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Klimek-Turek
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (B.M.); (T.H.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81448-7206
| | - Beata Misiołek
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (B.M.); (T.H.D.)
- Department for Variations and Renewals of Medicinal Products, The Office for Registration of Medicinal Products, Medical Devices and Biocidal Products, Al. Jerozolimskie 181C, 02-222 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tadeusz H. Dzido
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (B.M.); (T.H.D.)
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5
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Kuvshinov GV, Koifman OI. Sorption and Selective Properties of Diatomite Adsorbents for Gas Chromatography, Modified by a Cu(II) Complex of a Camphor-Substituted Tetrapyrasinoporphyrazine. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363219060240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Žuvela P, Skoczylas M, Jay Liu J, Ba Czek T, Kaliszan R, Wong MW, Buszewski B, Héberger K. Column Characterization and Selection Systems in Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Chem Rev 2019; 119:3674-3729. [PMID: 30604951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) is the most popular chromatographic mode, accounting for more than 90% of all separations. HPLC itself owes its immense popularity to it being relatively simple and inexpensive, with the equipment being reliable and easy to operate. Due to extensive automation, it can be run virtually unattended with multiple samples at various separation conditions, even by relatively low-skilled personnel. Currently, there are >600 RP-HPLC columns available to end users for purchase, some of which exhibit very large differences in selectivity and production quality. Often, two similar RP-HPLC columns are not equally suitable for the requisite separation, and to date, there is no universal RP-HPLC column covering a variety of analytes. This forces analytical laboratories to keep a multitude of diverse columns. Therefore, column selection is a crucial segment of RP-HPLC method development, especially since sample complexity is constantly increasing. Rationally choosing an appropriate column is complicated. In addition to the differences in the primary intermolecular interactions with analytes of the dispersive (London) type, individual columns can also exhibit a unique character owing to specific polar, hydrogen bond, and electron pair donor-acceptor interactions. They can also vary depending on the type of packing, amount and type of residual silanols, "end-capping", bonding density of ligands, and pore size, among others. Consequently, the chromatographic performance of RP-HPLC systems is often considerably altered depending on the selected column. Although a wide spectrum of knowledge is available on this important subject, there is still a lack of a comprehensive review for an objective comparison and/or selection of chromatographic columns. We aim for this review to be a comprehensive, authoritative, critical, and easily readable monograph of the most relevant publications regarding column selection and characterization in RP-HPLC covering the past four decades. Future perspectives, which involve the integration of state-of-the-art molecular simulations (molecular dynamics or Monte Carlo) with minimal experiments, aimed at nearly "experiment-free" column selection methodology, are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Žuvela
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117543 , Singapore
| | - Magdalena Skoczylas
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Center for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Wileńska 4 , 87-100 Toruń , Poland
| | - J Jay Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Pukyong National University , 365 Sinseon-ro , Nam-gu, 48-513 Busan , Korea
| | | | | | - Ming Wah Wong
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117543 , Singapore
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Center for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Wileńska 4 , 87-100 Toruń , Poland
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7
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Tasaki-Handa Y, Yoshikawa M, Saito S, Shibukawa M. Excess adsorption of acetonitrile and water on MIL-100(Fe) and its potential application in mixed-mode chromatography. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03981c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Potential application of MIL-100(Fe) to reversed- and-normal phase mixed-mode chromatography was suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maho Yoshikawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Saitama University
- Japan
| | - Shingo Saito
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Saitama University
- Japan
| | - Masami Shibukawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Saitama University
- Japan
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8
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Vanderlinden K, Desmet G, Bell DS, Broeckhoven K. Detailed efficiency analysis of columns with a different packing quality and confirmation via total pore blocking. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1581-1582:55-62. [PMID: 30446265 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report on a systematic study involving columns with a clearly different efficiency (4 distinct quality groups) obtained by packing the columns that were C18 bonded and endcapped with a different carbon loading. Using B-term analysis (via peak parking) and theoretical models to estimate the magnitude of the Cm- and Cs-term contributions, it could be concluded that the difference in efficiency among the groups was entirely due to a difference in eddy dispersion. As such, the columns provided an ideal testing ground to verify how well the total pore blocking (TPB)-method can be used to probe differences in packing heterogeneity. In agreement with earlier literature observations, it turns out the TPB-method is much more sensitive to packing heterogeneities than the eddy dispersion (Heddy)-contribution measured under open-pore conditions via B- and C- term subtraction. Typically, differences in Heddy on the order of 0.1-0.5μm translate into a difference on the order of 0.5-2μm in the TPB mode. This confirms the TPB as a powerful technique to make very sensitive measurements of the homogeneity of packed beds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Vanderlinden
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gert Desmet
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - David S Bell
- MilliporeSigma/Supelco, 595 North Harrison Road, Bellefonte, PA 16823, USA
| | - Ken Broeckhoven
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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9
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Krzemińska K, Dembek M, Bocian S. The competitiveness of solvent adsorption on polar‐embedded stationary phases. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:4296-4303. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Krzemińska
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and BioanalyticsFaculty of ChemistryNicolaus Copernicus University Toruń Poland
| | - Mikołaj Dembek
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and BioanalyticsFaculty of ChemistryNicolaus Copernicus University Toruń Poland
| | - Szymon Bocian
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and BioanalyticsFaculty of ChemistryNicolaus Copernicus University Toruń Poland
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10
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Skoczylas M, Bocian S, Buszewski B. Influence of silica functionalization by amino acids and peptides on the stationary phases zeta potential. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1573:98-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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11
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Ohashi J, Harada M, Okada T. Excess Adsorption of Organic Eluent Components from Mobile Phases Containing Electrolytes. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3552-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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12
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Skoczylas M, Bocian S, Kowalkowski T, Buszewski B. The effect of solvation processes on amino acid- and peptide-silica stationary phases. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:4152-4159. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Skoczylas
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Toruń Poland
| | - Szymon Bocian
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Toruń Poland
| | - Tomasz Kowalkowski
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Toruń Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Toruń Poland
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13
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Phase Ratio and Equilibrium Constant in RP-HPLC Obtained from Octanol/Water Partition Constant Through Solvophobic Theory. Chromatographia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-017-3384-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Ohashi J, Harada M, Okada T. A simple method for measuring excess adsorption isotherms of organic eluent components on reversed-phase packing materials. J Sep Sci 2016; 40:842-848. [PMID: 27990778 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A simple frontal analysis method has been developed for the reliable measurement of excess adsorption isotherms of an organic component on reversed-phase adsorbents in a series of programmed concentration steps. In the present method, a peak, which is produced by refractive index change in column eluate, is detected at 589 nm; it represents the elution volume of the boundary. The method is applied to the measurement of the excess adsorption isotherms of organic eluent components from water on commercially available reversed-phase stationary phases. The results are in good agreement with the previously reported isotherms. We also measure the excess adsorption isotherms of organic eluent components from solutions containing electrolytes. There are not any interference peaks on the elution traces. The method is thus reliably applicable to the evaluation of the excess adsorption of organic eluent components in practical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Ohashi
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Analytical and Quality Evaluation Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Hiratsuka, Japan
| | - Makoto Harada
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Okada
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Bocian S, Skoczylas M, Goryńska I, Matyska M, Pesek J, Buszewski B. Solvation processes on phenyl-bonded stationary phases-The influence of polar functional groups. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:4369-4376. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Bocian
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Toruń Poland
| | - Magdalena Skoczylas
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Toruń Poland
| | - Izabela Goryńska
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Toruń Poland
| | - Maria Matyska
- Department of Chemistry; San Jose State University; San Jose CA USA
| | - Joseph Pesek
- Department of Chemistry; San Jose State University; San Jose CA USA
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Toruń Poland
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16
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Bocian S. Solvation processes in liquid chromatography: The importance and measurements. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2016.1242494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Bocian
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
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17
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Investigation of retention mechanism of resorcinarene based cavitands by linear and nonlinear chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1456:152-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Caiali E, David V, Aboul-Enein HY, Moldoveanu SC. Evaluation of the phase ratio for three C18 high performance liquid chromatographic columns. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1435:85-91. [PMID: 26818239 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
For a chromatographic column, phase ratio Φ is defined as the ratio between the volume of the stationary phase Vst and the void volume of the column V0, and it is an important parameter characterizing the HPLC process. Although apparently simple, the evaluation of Φ presents difficulties because there is no sharp boundary between the mobile phase and the stationary phase. In addition, the boundary depends not only on the nature of the stationary phase, but also on the composition of the mobile phase. In spite of its importance, phase ratio is seldom reported for commercially available HPLC columns and the data typically provided by the vendors about the columns do not provide key information that would allow the calculation of Φ based on Vst and V0 values. A different procedure for the evaluation of Φ is based on the following formula: log k'j=a log Kow,j+log Φ, where k'j is the retention factor for a compound j that must be a hydrocarbon, Kow,j is the octanol/water partition coefficient, and a is a proportionality constant. Present study describes the experimental evaluation of Φ based on the measurement of k'j for the compounds in the homologous series between benzene and butylbenzene for three C18 columns: Gemini C18, Luna C18 both with 5 μm particles, and a Chromolith Performance RP-18. The evaluation was performed for two mobile phase systems at different proportions of methanol/water and acetonitrile/water. The octanol/water partition coefficients were obtained from the literature. The results obtained in the study provide further support for the new procedure for the evaluation of phase ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edvin Caiali
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Victor David
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Hassan Y Aboul-Enein
- National Research Centre, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department, Cairo, Egypt
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19
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Bocian S, Dziubakiewicz E, Buszewski B. Influence of the charge distribution on the stationary phases zeta potential. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:2625-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Bocian
- Department of Environmental Chemistry & Bioanalytics; Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University; Torun Poland
| | - Ewelina Dziubakiewicz
- Department of Environmental Chemistry & Bioanalytics; Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University; Torun Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry & Bioanalytics; Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University; Torun Poland
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20
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Horváth K, Felinger A. Influence of particle size and shell thickness of core-shell packing materials on optimum experimental conditions in preparative chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1407:100-5. [PMID: 26162666 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The applicability of core-shell phases in preparative separations was studied by a modeling approach. The preparative separations were optimized for two compounds having bi-Langmuir isotherms. The differential mass balance equation of chromatography was solved by the Rouchon algorithm. The results show that as the size of the core increases, larger particles can be used in separations, resulting in higher applicable flow rates, shorter cycle times. Due to the decreasing volume of porous layer, the loadability of the column dropped significantly. As a result, the productivity and economy of the separation decreases. It is shown that if it is possible to optimize the size of stationary phase particles for the given separation task, the use of core-shell phases are not beneficial. The use of core-shell phases proved to be advantageous when the goal is to build preparative column for general purposes (e.g. for purification of different products) in small scale separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztián Horváth
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Pannonia, P.O. Box 158, H-8200 Veszprém, Hungary.
| | - Attila Felinger
- MTA-PTE Molecular Interactions in Separation Science Research Group, Ifjúság útja 6, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry and Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
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21
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Moldoveanu S, David V. Estimation of the phase ratio in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1381:194-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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New insights into perfluorinated adsorbents for analytical and bioanalytical applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:17-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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23
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Thermodynamics Study of Solvent Adsorption on Octadecyl-Modified Silica. Chromatographia 2014; 78:21-30. [PMID: 25568463 PMCID: PMC4281355 DOI: 10.1007/s10337-014-2788-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Elution and solvation processes in liquid chromatography may be controlled by temperature changes. In the case of solvent adsorption, the temperature influences the amount of adsorbed solvent as well as the enthalpy and entropy of the solvation process. In this work, the thermodynamic parameters of organic solvents used as organic modifiers in the reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography elution process were determined. The changes of enthalpy and entropy in a series of chemically bonded stationary phases were measured to determine the effects of the temperature and surface coverage density of octadecyl ligands on the thermodynamic parameters of the solvation. For both the enthalpy and entropy a parabolic trend was observed with the minimum for medium surface coverage. The correlation of solvent adsorption values with the enthalpy of solvation was also investigated. The highest influence of the temperature on solvation process was observed for stationary phases with high surface coverage.
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24
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Adsorption of aqueous organic mixtures on a chiral stationary phase with bound antibiotic eremomycin. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1363:71-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Horváth K, Lukács D, Sepsey A, Felinger A. Effect of particle size distribution on the separation efficiency in liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1361:203-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Vajda P, Guiochon G. Surface excess isotherms of organic solvent mixtures in a system made of liquid carbon dioxide and a silicagel surface. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1308:139-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.07.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Borówko M, Sokołowski S, Staszewski T. Terminally Grafted Chain Layers in Oligomer–Monomer Solutions: Predictions from a Density Functional Theory. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:10293-303. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4027546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Borówko
- Department
for the Modeling
of Physico-Chemical Processes, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - S. Sokołowski
- Department
for the Modeling
of Physico-Chemical Processes, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - T. Staszewski
- Department
for the Modeling
of Physico-Chemical Processes, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
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28
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Klimek-Turek A, Misiołek B, Dzido TH. Comparison of the Retention of Aliphatic Hydrocarbons with Polar Groups in RP-HPLC Systems with Different Modifiers of the Binary Eluent. Chromatographia 2013; 76:939-947. [PMID: 23913977 PMCID: PMC3723982 DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2489-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The retention of aliphatic hydrocarbons with polar groups has been compared in respect to the separation selectivity changes in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with C18 stationary phase type and binary water eluent composed of methanol, acetonitrile, or tetrahydrofuran as modifiers. The changes in separation selectivity when one modifier is replaced by another in the eluent is explained, taking into consideration molecular interactions of the solutes with components of the stationary phase region, i.e., extracted modifier, and ordering of the stationary phase by the modifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Klimek-Turek
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Beata Misiołek
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Tadeusz H. Dzido
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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29
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Borówko M, Sokołowski S, Staszewski T. Adsorption from Oligomer–Monomer Solutions on the Surfaces Modified with End-Grafted Chains. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:12842-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp305624n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Borówko
- Department for the Modeling
of Physico-Chemical
Processes, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - S. Sokołowski
- Department for the Modeling
of Physico-Chemical
Processes, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - T. Staszewski
- Department for the Modeling
of Physico-Chemical
Processes, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
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30
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Gotta J, Keunchkarian S, Castells C, Reta M. Predicting retention in reverse-phase liquid chromatography at different mobile phase compositions and temperatures by using the solvation parameter model. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:2699-709. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Gotta
- Laboratorio de Separaciones Analíticas; División Química Analítica; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas (UNLP); La Plata Argentina
| | - Sonia Keunchkarian
- Laboratorio de Separaciones Analíticas; División Química Analítica; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas (UNLP); La Plata Argentina
| | - Cecilia Castells
- Laboratorio de Separaciones Analíticas; División Química Analítica; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas (UNLP); La Plata Argentina
| | - Mario Reta
- Laboratorio de Separaciones Analíticas; División Química Analítica; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas (UNLP); La Plata Argentina
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31
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Bocian S, Buszewski B. Residual silanols at reversed-phase silica in HPLC - a contribution for a better understanding. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:1191-200. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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32
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Excess adsorption of binary aqueous organic mixtures on various reversed-phase packing materials. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1240:104-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.03.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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33
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Buszewski B, Bocian S, Rychlicki G, Matyska M, Pesek J. Determination of accessible silanols groups on silica gel surfaces using microcalorimetric measurements. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1232:43-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.08.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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34
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Borówko M, Sokołowski S, Staszewski T. Adsorption from Binary Solutions on the Polymer-Tethered Surfaces. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:3115-24. [DOI: 10.1021/jp300114y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Borówko
- Department for the Modeling
of Physico-Chemical
Processes, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - S. Sokołowski
- Department for the Modeling
of Physico-Chemical
Processes, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - T. Staszewski
- Department for the Modeling
of Physico-Chemical
Processes, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
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35
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Vajda P, Bocian S, Buszewski B, Felinger A. Effect of polar interactions on the nonlinear behavior of phenol and aniline in reversed phase liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1228:155-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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36
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Buszewski B, Bocian S, Felinger A. Artifacts in liquid-phase separations-system, solvent, and impurity peaks. Chem Rev 2012; 112:2629-41. [PMID: 22309131 DOI: 10.1021/cr200182j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boguslaw Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarin 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland.
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37
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Vajda P, Bocian S, Buszewski B, Felinger A. Influence of the solvation process on solute adsorption in reversed phase liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:1954-65. [PMID: 21109248 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.10.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2010] [Revised: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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39
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Buszewski B, Bocian S, Rychlicki G. Investigation of silanol activity on the modified silica surfaces using microcalorimetric measurements. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:773-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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40
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Buszewski B, Bocian S, Matyska M, Pesek J. Study of solvation processes on cholesterol bonded phases. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:441-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Revised: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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41
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Bocian S, Matyska M, Pesek J, Buszewski B. Study of the retention and selectivity of cholesterol bonded phases with different linkage spacers. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:6891-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Revised: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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42
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On the optimization of the shell thickness of superficially porous particles. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:6373-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Revised: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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43
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Bocian S, Buszewski B. Retention mechanism of the multifunctional solute on columns with different coverage densities using highly aqueous reversed-phase conditions. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:3033-42. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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44
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Separation selectivity of some phenolic acids in RP HPLC systems with binary mobile phase comprised various modifiers. ADSORPTION 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10450-010-9241-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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45
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Buszewski B, Bocian S, Zera R. Influence of temperature and pressure on the preferential adsorption of component of hydroorganic mobile phase in liquid chromatography. ADSORPTION 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10450-010-9236-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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46
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Buszewski B, Bocian S, Nowaczyk A. Modeling solvation on the chemically modified silica surfaces. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:2060-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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47
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Buszewski B, Bocian S, Rychlicki G, Vajda P, Felinger A. Study of solvent adsorption on chemically bonded stationary phases by microcalorimetry and liquid chromatography. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 349:620-5. [PMID: 20584530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.05.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2010] [Revised: 05/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A detailed, molecular-level description of the sorption mechanism in reversed-phase liquid chromatography is of great interest to analytical chemists. For this purpose, solvent adsorption in the octadecyl stationary bonded phase was investigated. Preferential adsorption of solvents from an acetonitrile-water and methanol-water mobile phase was measured on a series of non-end-capped octadecyl bonded phases with different coverage densities of bonded ligands using the minor disturbance method. For a comparison, a microcalorimetric study of organic solvent adsorption on the stationary phase was executed. The results from the excess isotherm measurement agree well with the experimental measurement of the heat of immersion of the bonded stationary phases by the test solvents. The microcalorimetric measurement is another method for determination of solvation processes of the stationary phases. Changes of the heat of immersion provide information about the surface accessibility for interaction with solvent molecules. The increase of the stationary phase coverage density reduces the free space between bonded chains and penetration of solvent between organic chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarin 7 St., 87-100 Torun, Poland.
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48
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Bocian S, Vajda P, Felinger A, Buszewski B. Effect of End-Capping and Surface Coverage on the Mechanism of Solvent Adsorption. Chromatographia 2010. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-010-1522-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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49
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Buszewski B, Bocian S, Dziubakiewicz E. Zeta potential determination as a new way of stationary phases characterization for liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:1529-37. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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