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Alatzoglou C, Tzianni EI, Patila M, Trachioti MG, Prodromidis MI, Stamatis H. Structure-Function Studies of Glucose Oxidase in the Presence of Carbon Nanotubes and Bio-Graphene for the Development of Electrochemical Glucose Biosensors. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 14:85. [PMID: 38202540 PMCID: PMC10780548 DOI: 10.3390/nano14010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we investigated the effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and bio-graphene (bG) on the structure and activity of glucose oxidase (GOx), as well as on the performance of the respective electrochemical glucose biosensors. Various spectroscopic techniques were applied to evaluate conformational changes in GOx molecules induced by the presence of MWCNTs and bG. The results showed that MWCNTs induced changes in the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) prosthetic group of GOx, and the tryptophan residues were exposed to a more hydrophobic environment. Moreover, MWCNTs caused protein unfolding and conversion of α-helix to β-sheet structure, whereas bG did not affect the secondary and tertiary structure of GOx. The effect of the structural changes was mirrored by a decrease in the activity of GOx (7%) in the presence of MWCNTs, whereas the enzyme preserved its activity in the presence of bG. The beneficial properties of bG over MWCNTs on GOx activity were further supported by electrochemical data at two glucose biosensors based on GOx entrapped in chitosan gel in the presence of bG or MWCNTs. bG-based biosensors exhibited a 1.33-fold increased sensitivity and improved reproducibility for determining glucose over the sweat-relevant concentration range of glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Alatzoglou
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (C.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Eleni I. Tzianni
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (E.I.T.); (M.G.T.)
| | - Michaela Patila
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (C.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Maria G. Trachioti
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (E.I.T.); (M.G.T.)
| | - Mamas I. Prodromidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (E.I.T.); (M.G.T.)
| | - Haralambos Stamatis
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (C.A.); (M.P.)
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Caratenuto A, Li S, Wan Y, Zheng Y. Optical Epidermal Mimicry from Ultraviolet to Infrared Wavelengths. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:5231-5239. [PMID: 36331184 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Optical tissue phantoms present substantial value for medical imaging and therapeutic applications. We have developed an epidermal tissue phantom to mimic the optical properties of human skin from the ultraviolet to the infrared region, exceeding the breadth of existing studies. An epoxy matrix is combined with melanin-mimicking polydopamine via a cost-effective fabrication strategy. Reflectance and transmittance measurements enable calculation of the wavelength-dependent complex refractive index and absorption coefficient. Results are compared with literature data to establish agreement with a real human epidermis. By analyzing emissive power at a typical skin temperature, the epidermal tissue phantom is shown to accurately mimic the radiative properties of human skin. This simple, multifunctional material represents a promising substitute for human tissue for a variety of medical and bioengineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Caratenuto
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Su Li
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Yinsheng Wan
- Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, Rhode Island02918, United States
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
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Calabrase W, Bishop LDC, Dutta C, Misiura A, Landes CF, Kisley L. Transforming Separation Science with Single-Molecule Methods. Anal Chem 2020; 92:13622-13629. [PMID: 32936608 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Empirical optimization of the multiscale parameters underlying chromatographic and membrane separations leads to enormous resource waste and production costs. A bottom-up approach to understand the physical phenomena underlying challenges in separations is possible with single-molecule observations of solute-stationary phase interactions. We outline single-molecule fluorescence techniques that can identify key interactions under ambient conditions. Next, we describe how studying increasingly complex samples heightens the relevance of single-molecule results to industrial applications. Finally, we illustrate how separation methods that have not been studied at the single-molecule scale can be advanced, using chiral chromatography as an example case. We hope new research directions based on a molecular approach to separations will emerge based on the ideas, technologies, and open scientific questions presented in this Perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Calabrase
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Logan D C Bishop
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, United States
| | - Chayan Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, United States
| | - Anastasiia Misiura
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, United States
| | - Christy F Landes
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, United States.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, United States.,Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, United States
| | - Lydia Kisley
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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Shao Q, Wu P, Xu X, Zhang H, Cai C. Insight into the effects of graphene oxide sheets on the conformation and activity of glucose oxidase: towards developing a nanomaterial-based protein conformation assay. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:9076-85. [PMID: 22641400 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp40654c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Protein conformation associates with particular properties of proteins and relates to protein-mediated diseases. Detailed elucidation of secondary and tertiary formation, stability, and the structural and dynamic properties of proteins has been one of the main topics studied in chemistry and biology. In this work, the conformation changes in glucose oxidase (GOx) induced by the graphene oxide (GO) sheets were studied in detail by various spectroscopic techniques including ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption, fluorescence, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The results indicated that GOx underwent substantial conformation changes after assembling on the surface of GO. The interaction of GOx with GO could induce the exposure of the FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) moiety to solvent and transfer tryptophan (Trp) residues to a more hydrophobic environment. The calculation from CD spectra showed that GO could induce the conversion of α-helix to β-sheet structures, even unfolding of the protein. These alterations in the conformation of GOx resulted in a significant decrease in the catalytic activity of the enzyme in glucose oxidation. The possible reasons for these conformation changes in GOx are also discussed. This work not only provides insight into the interaction between atomically flat graphitic structures and various biological systems but also creates a framework for analyzing the biosafety of nanomaterials in terms of the biological behavior of biomacromolecules. The results obtained here can direct the further applications of the nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China
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Xu X, Wu P, Xu W, Shao Q, An L, Zhang H, Cai C, Zhao B. Effects of guanidinium ions on the conformational structure of glucose oxidase studied by electrochemistry, spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations: towards developing a chemical-induced protein conformation assay. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:5824-36. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp24121h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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