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Robson T, Shah DSH, Welbourn RJL, Phillips SR, Clifton LA, Lakey JH. Fully Aqueous Self-Assembly of a Gold-Nanoparticle-Based Pathogen Sensor. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087599. [PMID: 37108766 PMCID: PMC10145400 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a very sensitive measure of biomolecular interactions but is generally too expensive for routine analysis of clinical samples. Here we demonstrate the simplified formation of virus-detecting gold nanoparticle (AuNP) assemblies on glass using only aqueous buffers at room temperature. The AuNP assembled on silanized glass and displayed a distinctive absorbance peak due to the localized SPR (LSPR) response of the AuNPs. Next, assembly of a protein engineering scaffold was followed using LSPR and a sensitive neutron reflectometry approach, which measured the formation and structure of the biological layer on the spherical AuNP. Finally, the assembly and function of an artificial flu sensor layer consisting of an in vitro-selected single-chain antibody (scFv)-membrane protein fusion was followed using the LSPR response of AuNPs within glass capillaries. In vitro selection avoids the need for separate animal-derived antibodies and allows for the rapid production of low-cost sensor proteins. This work demonstrates a simple approach to forming oriented arrays of protein sensors on nanostructured surfaces that uses (i) an easily assembled AuNP silane layer, (ii) self-assembly of an oriented protein layer on AuNPs, and (iii) simple highly specific artificial receptor proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Robson
- Biosciences Institute, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Deepan S H Shah
- Orla Protein Technologies Ltd., Biosciences Centre, International Centre for Life, Times Square, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4EP, UK
| | - Rebecca J L Welbourn
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 OQX, UK
| | - Sion R Phillips
- Orla Protein Technologies Ltd., Biosciences Centre, International Centre for Life, Times Square, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4EP, UK
| | - Luke A Clifton
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 OQX, UK
| | - Jeremy H Lakey
- Biosciences Institute, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
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2
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De la Cruz-Torres LF, Rodríguez-Celestino V, Centeno-Leija S, Serrano-Posada H, Ceballos-Magaña SG, Aguilar-Padilla J, Mancilla-Margalli NA, Osuna-Castro JA. Development of a rapid, high-sensitivity, low-cost fluorescence method for protein surface hydrophobicity determination using a Nanodrop fluorospectrometer. Food Chem 2022; 396:133681. [PMID: 35853375 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A microvolumetric method for surface hydrophobicity (H0) determination of proteins using a Nanodrop fluorospectrometer was developed. This method reduces the protein and fluorophore quantities that are necessary for sample preparations and readings by two and three orders of magnitude, respectively, compared to conventional methods. In addition, readings can be obtained in just 2-6 s. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and 1-anilino 8-naphthalene sulfonic acid (ANS) were used for the first optimization of appropriate fluorophore-protein conditions for H0 determination (20 μM ANS, 0.5-4 μM BSA, pH 5). Based on validation guidelines, the novel method shows linear behavior, good intraday precision, accuracy, and sensitivity. This method was robust against several factors, as determined by a Youden-Steiner test. Additional surface hydrophobicity determinations using several proteins demonstrate suitable method applicability. The present microvolumetric method provides a reliable technique to determine the H0 of proteins for pharmaceutical, biotechnological, and food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Fernando De la Cruz-Torres
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Carr. Colima-Coquimatlán km. 9, C.P. 28400 Coquimatlán, Colima, Mexico; Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Colima, Carr. Colima-Manzanillo km. 40, C.P. 28100 Tecomán, Colima, Mexico; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, Tecnoparque CLQ, Universidad de Colima, Carretera Los Limones-Loma de Juárez, C.P. 28629 Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Verónica Rodríguez-Celestino
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Colima, Carr. Colima-Manzanillo km. 40, C.P. 28100 Tecomán, Colima, Mexico; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, Tecnoparque CLQ, Universidad de Colima, Carretera Los Limones-Loma de Juárez, C.P. 28629 Colima, Colima, Mexico; Centro Nacional de Referencia de Control Biológico, Carr. Tecomán-Estación FFCC km 1.5, Col. Tepeyac, C.P. 28110 Tecomán, Colima, Mexico
| | - Sara Centeno-Leija
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, Tecnoparque CLQ, Universidad de Colima, Carretera Los Limones-Loma de Juárez, C.P. 28629 Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Hugo Serrano-Posada
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, Tecnoparque CLQ, Universidad de Colima, Carretera Los Limones-Loma de Juárez, C.P. 28629 Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Silvia G Ceballos-Magaña
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Colima, c/ Bernal Díaz del Castillo 340, C.P. 28045 Colima, Colima, Mexico.
| | - Jorge Aguilar-Padilla
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Carr. Colima-Coquimatlán km. 9, C.P. 28400 Coquimatlán, Colima, Mexico; Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Colima, Carr. Colima-Manzanillo km. 40, C.P. 28100 Tecomán, Colima, Mexico; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, Tecnoparque CLQ, Universidad de Colima, Carretera Los Limones-Loma de Juárez, C.P. 28629 Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Norma Alejandra Mancilla-Margalli
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tlajomulco, Carr. a San Miguel Cuyutlán km. 10, Tlajomulco de Zúñiga, Jalisco C.P. 45650, Mexico
| | - Juan Alberto Osuna-Castro
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Colima, Carr. Colima-Manzanillo km. 40, C.P. 28100 Tecomán, Colima, Mexico.
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3
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Zhang W, Liu M, Yu L, Mo S, Deng Z, Liu S, Yang Y, Wang C, Wang C. Perturbation effect of single polar group substitution on the Self-Association of amphiphilic peptide helices. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 610:1005-1014. [PMID: 34887062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.11.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
As an important attempt towards creating hierarchical structures more like nature, the peptide is employed as a building block to build supramolecular architectures. An emerging question is whether the molecular mechanism of self-assembly obtained from the small molecule system, e.g., the driving forces of assembly are conventionally regarded as pairwise-additive, can be manifested in the self-association of biologically relevant amphiphilic peptides. A peptide, KRT-R, was derived from the 120-144 segment of keratin 14. The single cation-to-cation substitution with KRT-R at the site of 125 from arginine (R) to either lysine (K) or histidine (H) results in the peptide helices, KRT-K and KRT-H, sharing 96% sequence identity. These KRT-derived peptides possess similarities in the folding structures but exhibit divergent self-assembled structures. KRT-R and KRT-K self-assemble into sheets and fibrils, respectively. Whereas KRT-H associates into heterogeneous structures, including sheets, particles, and branched networks. The intrinsic tyrosine fluorescence spectroscopy measurements with the KRT-derived peptides within a temperature range of 25 °C to 95 °C reveal that the heating-triggered structural transitions of KRT-derived peptides are divergent. The alternation of single cationic residue changes the thermodynamic signature of peptide assemblies upon heating. A chemical denaturation experiment with KRT-derived peptides indicates that the intermolecular interactions that govern the supramolecular architectures formed by peptides are distinct. Overall, our work demonstrates the contribution of the interplay among various noncovalent interactions to supramolecular assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Mingwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Lanlan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Shanshan Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Zhun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Shuli Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Civil Aviation School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100123, China
| | - Yanlian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chenxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.
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4
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Huang Y, Soliakov A, Le Brun AP, Macdonald C, Johnson CL, Solovyova AS, Waller H, Moore GR, Lakey JH. Helix N-Cap Residues Drive the Acid Unfolding That Is Essential in the Action of the Toxin Colicin A. Biochemistry 2019; 58:4882-4892. [PMID: 31686499 PMCID: PMC6899464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Numerous bacterial toxins and other virulence factors use low pH as a trigger to convert from water-soluble to membrane-inserted states. In the case of colicins, the pore-forming domain of colicin A (ColA-P) has been shown both to undergo a clear acidic unfolding transition and to require acidic lipids in the cytoplasmic membrane, whereas its close homologue colicin N shows neither behavior. Compared to that of ColN-P, the ColA-P primary structure reveals the replacement of several uncharged residues with aspartyl residues, which upon replacement with alanine induce an unfolded state at neutral pH. Here we investigate ColA-P's structural requirement for these critical aspartyl residues that are largely situated at the N-termini of α helices. As previously shown in model peptides, the charged carboxylate side chain can act as a stabilizing helix N-Cap group by interacting with free amide hydrogen bond donors. Because this could explain ColA-P destabilization when the aspartyl residues are protonated or replaced with alanyl residues, we test the hypothesis by inserting asparagine, glutamine, and glutamate residues at these sites. We combine urea (fluorescence and circular dichroism) and thermal (circular dichroism and differential scanning calorimetry) denaturation experiments with 1H-15N heteronuclear single-quantum coherence nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of ColA-P at different pH values to provide a comprehensive description of the unfolding process and confirm the N-Cap hypothesis. Furthermore, we reveal that, in urea, the single domain ColA-P unfolds in two steps; low pH destabilizes the first step and stabilizes the second.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Institute
for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K.
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan
University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Andrei Soliakov
- Institute
for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K.
| | - Anton P. Le Brun
- Institute
for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K.
- Australian
Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian
Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Colin Macdonald
- Department
of Chemistry Centre for Structural & Molecular Biology, School
of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K.
| | - Christopher L. Johnson
- Institute
for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K.
| | - Alexandra S. Solovyova
- Institute
for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K.
| | - Helen Waller
- Institute
for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K.
| | - Geoffrey R. Moore
- Department
of Chemistry Centre for Structural & Molecular Biology, School
of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K.
| | - Jeremy H. Lakey
- Institute
for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K.
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5
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Robson T, Shah DSH, Solovyova AS, Lakey JH. Modular Protein Engineering Approach to the Functionalization of Gold Nanoparticles for Use in Clinical Diagnostics. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2018; 1:3590-3599. [PMID: 30101217 PMCID: PMC6083416 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.8b00737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Functional protein-gold nanoparticle (AuNP) conjugates have a wide variety of applications including biosensing and drug delivery. Correct protein orientation, which is important to maintain functionality on the nanoparticle surface, can be difficult to achieve in practice, and dedicated protein scaffolds have been used on planar gold surfaces to drive the self-assembly of oriented protein arrays. Here we use the transmembrane domain of Escherichia coli outer membrane protein A (OmpATM) to create protein-AuNP conjugates. The addition of a single cysteine residue into a periplasmic loop, to create cysOmpATM, drives oriented assembly and increased equilibrium binding. As the protein surface concentration increases, the sulfur-gold bond in cysOmpATM creates a more densely populated AuNP surface than the poorly organized wtOmpATM layer. The functionalization of AuNP improved both their stability and homogeneity. This was further exploited using multidomain protein chimeras, based on cysOmpATM, which were shown to form ordered protein arrays with their functional domains displayed away from the AuNP surface. A fusion with protein G was shown to specifically bind antibodies via their Fc region. Next, an in vitro selected single chain antibody (scFv)-cysOmpATM fusion protein, bound to AuNP, detected influenza A nucleoprotein, a widely used antigen in diagnostic assays. Finally, using the same scFv-cysOmpATM-AuNP conjugates, a prototype lateral flow assay for influenza demonstrated the utility of fully recombinant self-assembling sensor layers. By simultaneously removing the need for both animal antibodies and a separate immobilization procedure, this technology could greatly simplify the development of a range of in vitro diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Robson
- Institute
for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K.
| | - Deepan S. H. Shah
- Orla
Protein Technologies Ltd., Biosciences Centre, International Centre for Life, Times Square, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4EP, U.K.
| | - Alexandra S. Solovyova
- Institute
for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K.
| | - Jeremy H. Lakey
- Institute
for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K.
- E-mail:
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6
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Liquid crystalline bacterial outer membranes are critical for antibiotic susceptibility. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E7587-E7594. [PMID: 30037998 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1803975115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria is a robust, impermeable, asymmetric bilayer of outer lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) and inner phospholipids containing selective pore proteins which confer on it the properties of a molecular sieve. This structure severely limits the variety of antibiotic molecules effective against Gram-negative pathogens and, as antibiotic resistance has increased, so has the need to solve the OM permeability problem. Polymyxin B (PmB) represents those rare antibiotics which act directly on the OM and which offer a distinct starting point for new antibiotic development. Here we investigate PmB's interactions with in vitro OM models and show how the physical state of the lipid matrix of the OM is a critical factor in regulating the interaction with the antimicrobial peptide. Using neutron reflectometry and infrared spectroscopy, we reveal the structural and chemical changes induced by PmB on OM models of increasing complexity. In particular, only a tightly packed model reproduced the temperature-controlled disruption of the asymmetric lipid bilayer by PmB observed in vivo. By measuring the order of outer-leaflet LPS and inner-leaflet phospholipids, we show that PmB insertion is dependent on the phase transition of LPS from the gel to the liquid crystalline state. The demonstration of a lipid phase transition in the physiological temperature range also supports the hypothesis that bacteria grown at different temperatures adapt their LPS structures to maintain a homeoviscous OM.
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7
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Johnson CL, Solovyova AS, Hecht O, Macdonald C, Waller H, Grossmann JG, Moore GR, Lakey JH. The Two-State Prehensile Tail of the Antibacterial Toxin Colicin N. Biophys J 2017; 113:1673-1684. [PMID: 29045862 PMCID: PMC5647543 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered regions within proteins are critical elements in many biomolecular interactions and signaling pathways. Antibacterial toxins of the colicin family, which could provide new antibiotic functions against resistant bacteria, contain disordered N-terminal translocation domains (T-domains) that are essential for receptor binding and the penetration of the Escherichia coli outer membrane. Here we investigate the conformational behavior of the T-domain of colicin N (ColN-T) to understand why such domains are widespread in toxins that target Gram-negative bacteria. Like some other intrinsically disordered proteins in the solution state of the protein, ColN-T shows dual recognition, initially interacting with other domains of the same colicin N molecule and later, during cell killing, binding to two different receptors, OmpF and TolA, in the target bacterium. ColN-T is invisible in the high-resolution x-ray model and yet accounts for 90 of the toxin's 387 amino acid residues. To reveal its solution structure that underlies such a dynamic and complex system, we carried out mutagenic, biochemical, hydrodynamic and structural studies using analytical ultracentrifugation, NMR, and small-angle x-ray scattering on full-length ColN and its fragments. The structure was accurately modeled from small-angle x-ray scattering data by treating ColN as a flexible system, namely by the ensemble optimization method, which enables a distribution of conformations to be included in the final model. The results reveal, to our knowledge, for the first time the dynamic structure of a colicin T-domain. ColN-T is in dynamic equilibrium between a compact form, showing specific self-recognition and resistance to proteolysis, and an extended form, which most likely allows for effective receptor binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Johnson
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra S Solovyova
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
| | - Olli Hecht
- Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Macdonald
- Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Waller
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - J Günter Grossmann
- Institute of Integrative Biology, Structural and Chemical Biology, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey R Moore
- Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy H Lakey
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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8
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Understanding the thermal stability of human serum proteins with the related near-infrared spectral variables selected by Monte Carlo-uninformative variable elimination. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Jelińska A, Zagożdżon A, Górecki M, Wisniewska A, Frelek J, Holyst R. Denaturation of proteins by surfactants studied by the Taylor dispersion analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175838. [PMID: 28426809 PMCID: PMC5398553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We showed that the Taylor Dispersion Analysis (TDA) is a fast and easy to use method for the study of denaturation proteins. We applied TDA to study denaturation of β-lactoglobulin, transferrin, and human insulin by anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). A series of measurements at constant protein concentration (for transferrin was 1.9 x 10−5 M, for β- lactoglobulin was 7.6 x 10−5 M, and for insulin was 1.2 x 10−4 M) and varying SDS concentrations were carried out in the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The structural changes were analyzed based on the diffusion coefficients of the complexes formed at various surfactant concentrations. The concentration of surfactant was varied in the range from 1.2 x 10−4 M to 8.7 x 10−2 M. We determined the minimum concentration of the surfactant necessary to change the native conformation of the proteins. The minimal concentration of SDS for β-lactoglobulin and transferrin was 4.3 x 10−4 M and for insulin 2.3 x 10−4 M. To evaluate the TDA as a novel method for studying denaturation of proteins we also applied other methods i.e. electronic circular dichroism (ECD) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) to study the same phenomenon. The results obtained using these methods were in agreement with the results from TDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldona Jelińska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Zagożdżon
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Górecki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Jadwiga Frelek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Holyst
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
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10
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Chen C, Duan H, Gao C, Liu M, Wu X, Wei Y, Zhang X, Liu Z. Non-covalent modification of thrombolytic agent nattokinase: simultaneous improvement of fibrinolysis activity and enzymatic stability. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02626h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Folic acid modified chitosan (CS-FA) was synthesized and applied to modify Nattokinase (NK), a thrombolytic agent, for better fibrinolysis activity and stability. It provides great opportunities in curing cardiovascular disease (CVD), a leading cause of death globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Haogang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
- The First Hospital
- Lanzhou University
| | - Chunmei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin'an Wu
- The First Hospital
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhui Wei
- The First Hospital
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Polymer and Fiber Engineering
- Auburn University
- Auburn, USA
| | - Zhen Liu
- The Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- Johns Hopkins University
- Baltimore, USA
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11
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Guca E, Roumestand C, Vallone B, Royer CA, Dellarole M. Low-cost equilibrium unfolding of heme proteins using 2 μl samples. Anal Biochem 2013; 443:13-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Killelea T, Connolly BA. Role of disulfide bridges in archaeal family-B DNA polymerases. Chembiochem 2011; 12:1330-6. [PMID: 21598372 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201100145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The family-B DNA polymerases obtained from the order Thermococcales, for example, Pyrococcus furiosus (Pfu-Pol) are commonly used in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) because of their high thermostability and low error rates. Most of these polymerases contain four cysteines, arranged as two disulfide bridges. With Pfu-Pol C429-C443 forms one of the disulfides (DB1) and C507-C510 (DB2) the other. Although the disulfides are well conserved in the enzymes from the hyperthermophilic Thermococcales, they are less prevalent in euryarchaeal polymerases from other orders, and tend to be only found in other hyperthermophiles. Here, we report on the effects of deleting the disulfide bridges by mutating the relevant cysteines to serines. A variety of techniques, including differential scanning calorimetry and differential scanning fluorimetry, have shown that both disulfides make a contribution to thermostability, with DB1 being more important than DB2. However, even when both disulfides are removed, sufficient thermostability remains for normal (identical to the wild type) performance in PCR and quantitative (real-time) PCR. Therefore, polymerases totally lacking cysteine are fully compatible with most PCR-based applications. This observation opens the way to further engineering of polymerases by introduction of a single cysteine followed by appropriate chemical modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Killelea
- Institute of Cell and Molecular Biosciences (ICaMB), University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Wang C, Chen S, Wang X, Wang L, Wallis AK, Freedman RB, Wang CC. Plasticity of human protein disulfide isomerase: evidence for mobility around the X-linker region and its functional significance. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:26788-26797. [PMID: 20516074 PMCID: PMC2930677 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.107839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), which consists of multiple domains arranged as abb′xa′c, is a key enzyme responsible for oxidative folding in the endoplasmic reticulum. In this work we focus on the conformational plasticity of this enzyme. Proteolysis of native human PDI (hPDI) by several proteases consistently targets sites in the C-terminal half of the molecule (x-linker and a′ domain) leaving large fragments in which the N terminus is intact. Fluorescence studies on the W111F/W390F mutant of full-length PDI show that its fluorescence is dominated by Trp-347 in the x-linker which acts as an intrinsic reporter and indicates that this linker can move between “capped” and “uncapped” conformations in which it either occupies or exposes the major ligand binding site on the b′ domain of hPDI. Studies with a range of constructs and mutants using intrinsic fluorescence, collision quenching, and extrinsic probe fluorescence (1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate) show that the presence of the a′ domain in full-length hPDI moderates the ability of the x-linker to generate the capped conformation (compared with shorter fragments) but does not abolish it. Hence, unlike yeast PDI, the major conformational plasticity of full-length hPDI concerns the mobility of the a′ domain “arm” relative to the bb′ “trunk” mediated by the x-linker. The chaperone and enzymatic activities of these constructs and mutants are consistent with the interpretation that the reversible interaction of the x-linker with the ligand binding site mediates access of protein substrates to this site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sihong Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Xi Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lei Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - A Katrine Wallis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Robert B Freedman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.
| | - Chih-Chen Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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