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Wang M, Qian R, Zhuo S, Chen Q, Li Z, Zhao B. Larmor Precession: Observation and Utilization for Boosting the Signal Intensity of Radio Frequency Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2020; 92:9528-9535. [PMID: 32598141 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel magnet array system was constructed to use Larmor precession for boosting the signal intensity of rf-GD-MS. The enhancement mechanism with four magnet array devices of a single-block magnet and 2 × 2, 3 × 2, and 3 × 4 magnet arrays was simulated and studied by COMSOL Multiphysics Software 5.4.0 (COMSOL) to determine if the electrons in the discharge plasma could perform Larmor precession along the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field. Induced by Larmor precession, inelastic collisions between the primary electrons and the sample produced numerous secondary electrons and further improved the ionization efficiency. Moreover, the fuzzy synthetic evaluation result predicted that the device with a 3× 2 magnet array would display the greatest enhancement effect among the four devices. On the basis of these theoretical studies, a magnet array system with four magnet array devices was fabricated and utilized for studies of two scintillation crystals BGO and PWO. The observations indicated that the signal intensities obtained for 209Bi and 208Pb with the magnet array system were 630-3600 times of that obtained without a magnet and were enhanced by a factor of 1.5-2.8 compared with a previously reported stacked magnetic device. Two NIST samples were used to validate the method, and the results suggested that relative errors were less than 10%, and the lowest detection limit for the 3 × 2 magnet array could reach 0.0032 μg·g-1. Furthermore, the magnet array enhancement system with Larmor precession offers an efficient and sensitive approach for direct analysis of nonconducting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Wang
- National Center for Inorganic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Ding Xi Road, Shanghai 200050, People's Republic of China.,School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100864, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Qian
- National Center for Inorganic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Ding Xi Road, Shanghai 200050, People's Republic of China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100864, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangjun Zhuo
- National Center for Inorganic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Ding Xi Road, Shanghai 200050, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Ding Xi Road, Shanghai 200050, People's Republic of China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100864, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, United Kingdom
| | - Zhongquan Li
- National Center for Inorganic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Ding Xi Road, Shanghai 200050, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhao
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
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2
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Wei J, Dong J, Zhuo S, Qian R, Fang Y, Chen Q, Patel E. Signal Enhancement with Stacked Magnets for High-Resolution Radio Frequency Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2017; 89:1382-1388. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wei
- National
Center for Inorganic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Ding Xi Road, Shanghai 200050, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate
School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Ding Xi Road, Shanghai 200050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangli Dong
- National
Center for Inorganic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Ding Xi Road, Shanghai 200050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shangjun Zhuo
- National
Center for Inorganic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Ding Xi Road, Shanghai 200050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Qian
- National
Center for Inorganic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Ding Xi Road, Shanghai 200050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanxing Fang
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, United Kingdom
| | - Qiao Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ekbal Patel
- Mass Spectrometry Instruments Ltd., West Yorkshire WF12 9AQ, United Kingdom
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3
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Salter TL, Gilmore IS, Bowfield A, Olabanji OT, Bradley JW. Ambient Surface Mass Spectrometry Using Plasma-Assisted Desorption Ionization: Effects and Optimization of Analytical Parameters for Signal Intensities of Molecules and Polymers. Anal Chem 2013; 85:1675-82. [DOI: 10.1021/ac302677m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T. L. Salter
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, U.K
| | - I. S. Gilmore
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, U.K
| | - A. Bowfield
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, U.K
- Department of Electrical Engineering
and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 3GJ, U.K
| | - O. T. Olabanji
- Department of Electrical Engineering
and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 3GJ, U.K
| | - J. W. Bradley
- Department of Electrical Engineering
and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 3GJ, U.K
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4
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Bouza M, Fernández B, González-Gago C, Bordel N, Pereiro R, Sanz-Medel A. RF-pulsed glow discharge time-of-flight mass spectrometry for glass analysis: Investigation of the ion source design. Anal Chim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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5
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Fernández B, Pereiro R, Sanz-Medel A. Glow discharge analysis of nanostructured materials and nanolayers—A review. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 679:7-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Revised: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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6
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Tuccitto N, Lobo L, Tempez A, Delfanti I, Chapon P, Canulescu S, Bordel N, Michler J, Licciardello A. Pulsed radiofrequency glow discharge time-of-flight mass spectrometry for molecular depth profiling of polymer-based films. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2009; 23:549-556. [PMID: 19177508 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the potential of an innovative technique, pulsed radiofrequency glow discharge time-of-flight mass spectrometry, for the molecular depth profiling of polymer materials. The technique benefits from the presence, in the afterglow of the pulsed glow discharge, of fragment ions that can be related to the structures of the polymers under study. Thin films of different polymers (PMMA, PET, PAMS, PS) were successfully profiled with retention of molecular information along the profile. Multilayered structures of the above polymers were also profiled, and it was possible to discriminate among layers having similar elemental composition but different polymer structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzio Tuccitto
- Università degli Studi di Catania, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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7
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Jecklin MC, Gamez G, Zenobi R. Fast polymer fingerprinting using flowing afterglow atmospheric pressure glow discharge mass spectrometry. Analyst 2009; 134:1629-36. [DOI: 10.1039/b819560a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Hohl M, Kanzari A, Michler J, Nelis T, Fuhrer K, Gonin M. Pulsed r.f.-glow-discharge time-of-flight mass spectrometry for fast surface and interface analysis of conductive and non-conductive materials. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.2253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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9
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Li L, Barshick CM, Millay JT, Welty AV, King FL. Determination of Bromine in Flame-Retardant Plastics Using Pulsed Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2003; 75:3953-61. [PMID: 14632105 DOI: 10.1021/ac034567k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of bromine-containing flame-retardant plastics was used to demonstrate the applicability of pulsed radio frequency glow discharge mass spectrometry to the determination of elements in commercial polymers. The direct analysis of bulk samples produced both atomic and molecular species, allowing elemental identification and molecular characterization. However, the low ion signal intensities hindered quantification. Atomization mechanisms for the plastic samples were studied in detail using scanning electron microscopy and mass spectrometry. Although some thermal desorption was observed, sputter atomization dominated when samples were not subjected to excessive discharge power. The sputter rates of various polymers, as evidenced by sputter weight loss measurements, showed a strong correlation with their ion production capabilities. Sputtering rates were related to the physical and chemical properties inherent to a polymer's composition. Analysis of samples compacted with a silver binder provided intense analyte signals allowing quantitative analysis. Signal stability, measurement accuracy, measurement precision, and detection limits were all assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown,West Virginia 26505, USA
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10
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Detection methods for the quantitation of trace elements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-526x(03)41005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Hanton
- Air Products and Chemicals, Incorporated, Allentown, Pennsylvania 18195, USA
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12
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Gibeau TE, Marcus RK. Characterization of bis-(phenoxy)phosphazene polymers using radio frequency glow discharge mass spectrometry. J Appl Polym Sci 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(20000509)76:6<954::aid-app23>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Effect of magnetic field on the gas-jet boosted radio frequency glow discharge atomic emission spectrometry. Microchem J 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0026-265x(99)00010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Schelles W, Van Grieken R. Direct Current Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry for Elemental Characterization of Polymers. Anal Chem 1997; 69:2931-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ac970186t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wim Schelles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp (UIA), Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - René Van Grieken
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp (UIA), Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
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15
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Smith PB, Pasztor AJ, McKelvy ML, Meunier DM, Froelicher SW, Wang FCY. Analysis of Synthetic Polymers and Rubbers. Anal Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/a19700020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. B. Smith
- Analytical Sciences Laboratory, Dow Chemical U.S.A., 1897 Building, Midland, Michigan 48667
| | - A. J. Pasztor
- Analytical Sciences Laboratory, Dow Chemical U.S.A., 1897 Building, Midland, Michigan 48667
| | - M. L. McKelvy
- Analytical Sciences Laboratory, Dow Chemical U.S.A., 1897 Building, Midland, Michigan 48667
| | - D. M. Meunier
- Analytical Sciences Laboratory, Dow Chemical U.S.A., 1897 Building, Midland, Michigan 48667
| | - S. W. Froelicher
- Analytical Sciences Laboratory, Dow Chemical U.S.A., 1897 Building, Midland, Michigan 48667
| | - F. C.-Y. Wang
- Analytical Sciences Laboratory, Dow Chemical U.S.A., 1897 Building, Midland, Michigan 48667
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